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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Medial hypothalamic lesions and sexual receptivity in the female common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Medial hypothalamic lesions cause major deficits in sexual receptivity in a variety of mammalian species. Effects of such lesions upon sexual receptivity in female primates have not been investigated. Two experiments are described in which thermal lesions were made in the hypothalamus in 11 ovariectomized or ovariectomized/adrenalectomized, oestradiol-treated common marmosets. Proceptivity (sexual initiating behaviour) was reduced or abolished by lesions in the dorsomedial or ventromedial hypothalamus. Sexual receptivity was unaffected except in 3 females in which damage to the ventromedial area was associated with a 25-42% increase in terminations of males' mounts. However, this effect was reversed by treating females with oestradiol. Therefore, medial hypothalamic lesions have pronounced effects upon proceptivity in the marmoset, whereas effects upon receptivity are much less pronounced or absent. These results are discussed in relation to the evolution of the hormonal control of receptivity in anthropoid primates as compared to other mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Changes in fatty acid composition of the cardiac phospholipids of the cotton-eared marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) after feeding different lipid supplements.

After feeding marmosets different lipid supplements for 6 months, the distribution of phospholipid classes and the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) were determined in their cardiac membranes. Supplementing the diet with linoleic-acid-rich sunflower seed oil raised the level of 18:2,n-6 in both PC and PE, but did not change the level significantly in DPG. When 18:2,n-6 was increased, the level of arachidonic acid (20:4,n-6) was significantly decreased in PC and PE. No arachidonic acid was present in DPG. Supplementing the diet with mutton fat did not markedly increase the level of saturated fats, nor did it markedly reduce the level of arachidonic acid in any phospholipid component. No dietary treatment altered the distribution of the major phospholipid classes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ascorbic acid requirement and assessment of ascorbate status in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Marmosets can tolerate an ascorbic acid (AA) deficiency for several weeks without clinical symptoms. After being fed an AA-free diet for 3 months, nonspecific deficiency symptoms became obvious. Different dietary levels of AA resulted in corresponding serum ascorbate levels. The kidney threshold of AA in marmosets is comparable to that in humans. When the minimal AA requirement is defined as the amount that is necessary to maintain a serum AA level above the kidney threshold, then about 20 mg AA/kg body weight is needed. This intake was achieved in our trial with a diet containing 500 ppm AA. Thus, the AA requirement of marmosets is severalfold higher than the AA requirement of humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plasma progesterone levels throughout the ovarian cycle of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Radioimmunoassay of progesterone in marmoset plasma has been used to determine ovarian cycle length. Total cycle length was 30.1 +/- 3.8 days (mean +/- SD, n = 30, range 24-41 days, median 29.5 days). The pre-ovulatory (follicular) phase, during which progesterone levels were below 10 ng/ml, lasted for 8.8 +/- 3.7 days (mean +/- SD, n = 30, range 3-20 days, median 8.5 days). The post-ovulatory (luteal) phase, during which progesterone levels were greater than 10 ng/ml, lasted for 21.5 +/- 2.2 days (mean +/- SD, n = 30, range 14-29 days, median 21.5 days). Total cycle length was almost twice that recorded in an earlier study. The reasons for this difference are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A cephalometric study of young marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Linear and angular measurements of young marmosets taken at three-month intervals from a series of cephalograms are presented. They show that linear craniofacial development was largely complete by six months of age, subsequent angular changes being mainly related to dental development. No sexual dimorphism was apparent, and there was substantial homogeneity in results for animals of the same age. Thus, marmosets, with their low cost, ease of handling, and rapid maturation, may provide a useful animal model for craniofacial research.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Toxicity of a novel HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

1. GR95030X, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, was administered daily to marmosets by gavage. In a Maximum Repeatable Dose (MRD) study, doses of up to 30 mg kg-1 day-1 were administered for 49 days. In a chronic study, animals received dosages equivalent to 0, 1, 2.5, 7.5 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1 for 204 or 205 days. Some animals were maintained without treatment for a recovery period of 29 or 30 days. 2. Clinical signs included poor coat condition, weakness with impaired coordination, lethargy and other behavioural changes. There was also alimentary disturbance, and some deaths occurred at doses of 20 mg kg-1 day-1 and above. 3. Adverse effects upon body weight were seen although some recovery was apparent after the cessation of treatment. 4. Serum cholesterol concentrations were reduced. Very large increases in serum ALT, AST and CK activities were recorded with CK-MM isoenzymes accounting for 80% or more of the total CK enzyme activity. 5. Treatment was associated with muscle fibre atrophy and a sarcolemmal response with little evidence of regeneration. Histological examination revealed vascular changes, glial proliferation and cell death in the brain, with no consistent distribution. Alveolar capillary congestion and alveolar proteinosis indicated that there may have been a reduction in cardiac function. 6. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have evident potential to cause myopathy in marmosets. This is believed to be the first report of such an effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Reproduction, infant survival and productivity of a colony of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus).

Starting with 4 pairs of marmosets, 204 young were successfully reared during 6 years. They were kept in family groups of 2- 10. Litter size varied from 1-4; singletons (2%), twins (35%), triplets (55%), and quadruplets (8%). The mean annual increase of weaned young was 3.24 per pair. The median interbirth interval was 154 days. Of 46 pairs of marmosets, 8 failed to produce young. Approximately 11% of young born were stillborn and a further 32% of all young born died within 3 weeks; perinatal mortality is largely a result of the failure of parents to rear more than 2 young. In only 2 of 68 triplet births did the parents rear the young unaided. 53% of young born were males but differential mortality reduced the final sex ratio for live young to 50-5% males. Females did not accept and rear the young after caesarian section. The linear regression of the growth curve for 5-17 months (where y = weight in grams and x = months) could be expressed as y = 16.6x + 163.6. The data form 4 marmoset colonies are compared and the relative efficiency of breeding methods discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Craniofacial growth in young marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

A cross-sectional study of craniofacial growth in young marmosets was performed. Selected linear craniofacial measurements were obtained from groups of 5 animals of each sex at 3 monthly intervals from birth to 1 year. These data provide a baseline for comparison with other colonies and in the assessment of teratogens on craniofacial development.

Aging↗