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PubMed2002

Fluorescent tracer evaluation of chemical protective clothing during pesticide applications in central Florida citrus groves.

Chemical protective clothing (CPC) is often recommended as a method of exposure mitigation among pesticide applicators. This study evaluated four CPC regimens (cotton work shirts and work pants, cotton/polyester coveralls, and two non-woven garments) during 33 airblast applications of the organophosphorus insecticide ethion in central Florida citrus groves. CPC performance was determined by measurement of fluorescent tracer deposition on skin surfaces beneath garments with a video imaging analysis instrument (VITAE system), and by alpha-cellulose patches placed outside and beneath the garments. Non-woven coveralls allowed significantly greater exposure than did traditional woven garments, primarily because of design factors (e.g., large sleeve and neck openings). The greatest exposure occurred on the forearms beneath the non-woven garments. Fabric penetration was detected for all test garments; 5% to 7% of the ethion measured outside the garments was found beneath the garments. The clothing materials tested were not chemically resistant under these field conditions. Exposurepathways that would probably be undetected by the patch technique were characterized effectively with fluorescent tracers and video imaging analysis. However, the patch technique was more sensitive in detecting fabric penetration. CPC garments have been improved since this study was conducted, but performance testing under field conditions is not widespread. Workers conducting airblast applications would be better protected by closed cab systems or any technology that places an effective barrier between the worker and the pesticide spray.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1981

[Effects on the manual function of men wearing cold-protective clothing to cold stress (author's transl)].

Subjects were exposed in a climatic chamber for 60 min to air temperature at -5 degrees C, -20 degrees C and -30 degrees C wearing cold-protective clothing. The following manual functions were studied as a function of air temperature, upper limb skin temperatures, mean skin temperatures or mean body temperatures: handgrip strength, pinch strength, bolt-removing task and counting task. The decline of skin temperatures was observed during cold exposure, wearing cold-protective clothing. At 60 min of cold exposure to air temperatures at -5 degrees C, -20 degrees C and -30 degrees C, mean skin temperatures were 30.2 degrees C, 27.8 degrees C and 26.5 degrees C respectively, then II-right-finger skin temperatures were 20.7 degrees C, 13.1 degrees C and 11.8 degrees C respectively. There were reductions only on limited number of manual functions as compared with functions under normal conditions, that is, bolt-removing task and handgrip strength did not significantly change during cold exposure, whereas pinch strength and counting task decreased with lower surface temperatures and body temperatures. Body or surface cooling resulted in reductions in pinch strength by the order of 50%. The rising of the body storage index, which was calculated from the change of the mean body temperature, resulted in a linear decrease in counting task. The capacity to perform manual handling task and muscle strength appeared to vary according to the muscle used for these performance and depending on the levels of cold stress. Body cooling, combined with local upper limb cooling, produced the largest performance decrements.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Reducing self-injury and corresponding self-restraint through the strategic use of protective clothing.

We examined the use of protective clothing to reduce a retarded male's face-punching and leg-kicking and two corresponding forms of self-restraint--arm and leg self-restraint. The resident was observed each day in three sessions of randomly ordered conditions (one condition per session): without any protective clothing, with a padded helmet, and with a padded helmet and padded slippers. Use of the padded helmet substantially reduced face-punching and arm self-restraint. The addition of padded slippers reduced leg-kicking and leg self-restraint. These results suggest a practical and effective means of controlling self-injury and self-restraint. They are also consistent with the possibility that the resident's arm restraint was maintained in part by escape or avoidance of face-punching and that his leg restraint was maintained in part by escape or avoidance of leg-kicking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[A survey on physiological strains of asbestos abatement work wearing protective clothing in summer].

Since the health hazard of asbestos fibers has been widely recognized, the number of asbestos abatement projects in schools has increased rapidly. Most of these projects were planned during summer vacation from school. However, in Japan, it is hot and humid in summer. Moreover, the workers have to wear impermeable protective clothing because of the asbestos exposure risk. The purpose of this survey is to study the workload of asbestos abatement work by measuring physiological reactions. Physiological strains of 12 male workers and working conditions during asbestos abatements work in two schools were measured in August in 1988 and in 1989. Body weight loss by the work of all workers was measured, and heart rate, rectal temperature and skin temperatures at five sites of some of them were measured every minute. In both workplaces, the workers wore disposable coveralls with hoods and shoes covers and protective masks. Air temperature in the workplaces was between 24.6 degrees C and 28.8 degrees C, and air humidity was between 85% and 96%. The high humidity was result of covering the floor, ceiling and wall of the workplaces were covered with vinyl seats, and sprinkling the asbestos fibers with water to lower the amount of asbestos in the air. Working hours of asbestos abatement were between 46 minutes and 95 minutes. Sweat rates were between 217 g/h and 605 g/h. These values were greater compared to the estimate values when work was done wearing commonly used light clothing. Heart rates during asbestos abatement work did not exceed 150 beats/min in one school where the temperature was 25 degrees C-27 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Cloth color preference under the influences of body heating due to hot bath immersion.

The experiment is aimed at knowing the effect of "body heating" on color preference. Eleven subjects with normal color vision served as subjects. Two tests, one of the "No Bath" and the other of the "Bath" were conducted. Hot bath immersion with 38.5 degrees C was performed for 30 min from 07:30 h to 08:00 h. Then, they were instructed to choose a single colored cloth out of 41 cloth colors (24 x 52 cm), preferred by themselves, every five min from 08:00 h to 09:00 h under the ambient temperature (Ta) of 27 degrees C. Most subjects preferred cooler color after "body heating" than after "not body heating". This finding was discussed in terms of greater differences between core temperature and its set point after "body heating", because cooler color would be helpful psychologically in allowing raised core temperature approach its set point.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The effects of skin pressure by clothing on whole gut transit time and amount of feces.

The experiment investigated the effects of skin pressure by clothing on whole gut transit time and amount of feces. Comparisons of transit time and amount of feces were taken between 6 young female adults with and without a girdle. The skin pressure applied by a girdle (mean +/- SD) on participant's waist, abdomen and hip region was 16.6 +/- 7.80 mmHg, 17.1 +/- 4.5 mmHg and 12.6 +/- 5.0 mmHg, respectively. The difference of skin pressure with and without a girdle was about 10 mmHg. During each experimental period of 4 days with and without a girdle, the whole gut transit time and amount of feces were measured. The whole gut transit time of each day was determined as the time between the oral intake of each day's markers and their first appearance in the stool. The whole gut transit times of the markers taken on the first day were significantly prolonged (p < 0.05) and those of the markers taken on the second day tended to be prolonged for participant using a girdle (p < 0.1). The whole gut transit time of the markers taken on the third day could not be compared because they were not excreted into the stool. The cumulative increases of feces on the third day and the fourth day were significantly reduced with a girdle (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the skin pressure by clothing has an effect on whole gut transit time and the amount of feces.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of skin pressure by clothing on small bowel transit time.

We examined the effect of increased skin pressure from tight clothing on small bowel transit time by means of the breath hydrogen test, using milk that contained lactulose as an additional indigestible disaccharide, which is used as a test meal after overnight fasting. In this experiment, we measured the small bowel transit time from 9 healthy and non-constipated female subjects with two different skin pressures that were applied by loose-fitting experimental garment or an additional tight-fitting girdle on two consecutive days. The skin pressure of the latter condition was 8-9 mmHg higher than that of the former one on the participants' waist, abdomen and hip region. The experimental order of the two skin pressure conditions was counterbalanced. As a result, the small bowel transit time obtained with and without girdle did not differ significantly (165.0 +/- 26.0 minutes for less skin pressure condition and 173.3 +/- 26.8 minutes for more skin pressure condition, n = 9, p = 0.43). This result indicated that the skin pressure from clothing has no effect on the passage rate of food through the small intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The effects of outsourcing on occupational health and safety: a comparative study of factory-based workers and outworkers in the Australian clothing industry.

Outsourcing has become increasingly widespread throughout industrialized societies over the past 20 years. Accompanying this has been a renewed growth in home-based work, sometimes using new technologies (telework) but also entailing a re-emergence of old forms, such as clothing outwork, used extensively 100 years ago. A growing body of research indicates that changes to work organization associated with outsourcing adversely affect occupational health and safety (OHS), both for outsourced workers and for those working alongside them. This study assessed the OHS implications of the shift to home-based workers in the Australian clothing industry by systematically comparing the OHS experiences of 100 factory-based workers and 100 outworkers. The level of self-reported injury was over three times higher among outworkers than factory-based workers undertaking similar tasks. The most significant factor explaining this difference was the payment system. All outworkers were paid solely by the piece, whereas factory workers were paid either under a time plus production bonus system or solely on a time basis. While the incidence of injury was far higher among outworkers, factory-based workers paid under an incentive system reported more injuries than those paid solely on a time basis. Increasing injury was correlated with piecework payment systems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of physical changes on clothing preferences of elderly women.

Various physiological and biological changes occurring during senescence have an affect upon the clothing needs and preferences of elderly women. Data were collected by personal interview from thirty-eight women age sixty-five or older in Lexington, Kentucky. The results indicate that ready-to-wear garments do not accommodate the clothing needs of elderly women; garments did not allow for increased trunk girth, decreased height, or for physical impairments.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Dimensions of visual perceptions of clothing.

The relation of two descriptive properties of clothing, "complexity" and "fashionability," with evaluative preference responses of "like" and "would-like-to-own" was explored for two selected groups of untrained females who differed in age. The students agreed more than the older women on the judged "fashionability" of 10 photographs of clothing and also were influenced more by "fashionability" in their responses of "like" and "would-like-to-own." For both groups "complexity" was judged consistently but was not highly related to preferences.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Cell phones, clothing, and sex: first impressions of power using older African Americans as stimuli.

Sex, material possessions, and race have long been associated with prestige or status in American society, yet little research has examined this idea. Little is known about the effect of cell phones on first impressions. In a 2 (cell phone: present, absent) x 2 (clothing: jacket, no jacket) x 2 (sex) between-subjects design, 160 women from a predominantly Black college rated stimuli of older, African Americans on 15 items measuring perceived power on three power subscales: expert, legitimate, and coercive. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a 3-way interaction for clothing, cell phone, and sex of stimulus person.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Protective clothing in hot environments.

The high level of protection required by personal protective clothing (PPC) severely impedes heat exchange by sweat evaporation. As a result work associated with wearing PPC, particularly in hot environments, implies considerable physiological strain and may render workers exhausted in a short time. Recent development of algorithms for describing the heat transfer, accounting for pumping and wind effects, comprises improvement of the prediction of thermal stress. Realistic corrections can then be made to the available measures of thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a given clothing ensemble. Currently this information is incorporated in international standards for assessment of thermal environments. Factors, such as directional radiation and wetting of layers, were studied in a recently completed EU research project. The development of advanced thermal manikins and measurement procedures should provide better measures for predictive models. As with all methods and models, the results need validation in realistic wear trials in order to prove their relevance and accuracy.

Europe↗
PubMed1985

Patient draping and staff clothing in the operating theatre: a microbiological study.

Fallout of bacteria and contamination at the wound site were studied during a standardized orthopaedic operation using sedimentation plates and a bacterial sampler. The procedure was performed in either a conventionally ventilated operating theatre or in an ultraclean air enclosure. The staff was dressed in either an all-cotton system (working clothes and theatre gown) or cotton working clothes in combination with Ventile theatre gown, or a laminate disposable theatre gown, or finally a polypropylene coverall and a laminate theatre gown. The patients were draped in cotton or laminate. The study was done during 5 periods. The most striking effect was seen when the combination of the coverall and the laminate theatre gown was used. The fallout in the conventional theatre was then at the same level as in the ultraclean air. It was even less than using Ventile gowns and laminate drapes in ultraclean air. The contamination at the wound site showed the same pattern. However, least contamination was recorded when laminate gowns and laminate drapes were used in ultraclean air.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Examination of optimal radiation quality in the lead equivalent examination of X-ray protective clothing].

To determine the effective lead thickness of the apron for radiation protective clothing, i.e., the lead equivalent, a method of performing the lead equivalent examination is provided in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). We proposed a method of computation using an attenuation coefficient, and examined the measurement accuracy and optimal radiation quality using both methods. We were able to compute the lead equivalent with sufficient accuracy when using radiation quality of about 60 keV in the range of radiation quality examined. This technique was also examined in the measurement used for the marketing of radiation protective clothing.

Lead↗
PubMed1981

Clothing for staff: garments that guard.

Much of the clothing worn in hospitals is designed for protection, either of the staff themselves, or of their everyday clothes, or their patients and the community generally. A. Smith, safety liaison officer, Haringey HD, reviews the requirements of legislation and good practice.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1981

Clothing for patients: personally theirs.

The health professions agree that people spending months or years in institutions should have their own choice of clothing, including personalised underwear. Unfortunately, although the principle is universally accepted, the practice of personalising clothing for geriatric, handicapped and psychiatric patients is still in its infancy in many parts of Britain, as Pauline Drummond discovered.

Clothing↗
PubMed1999

Clothing exchanges for Medicaid members boost immunizations, encourage well-child visits.

Want your Medicaid members to get their vaccinations and well-child visits? Try encouraging them with an incentive system that offers something they can use, like children's clothing. Arizona Physicians IPA Inc., a Phoenix-based Medicaid managed care organization, uses clothing exchanges to encourage preventive utilization and give members access to community outreach programs.

Arizona↗
PubMed2000

Clothing damage analysis and the phenomenon of the false sexual assault.

This paper describes three recent false sexual assaults examined at the Victoria Forensic Science Centre laboratory where clothing damage analysis assisted in the resolution of the case. Suspected false reports of sexual assaults are often sensitive cases with little other forensic evidence. Any evidential value that can be obtained is thus valuable in order to minimize any ordeal to the complainant and any suspect and to conserve valuable resources. The findings illustrate the application of clothing damage analysis in a cross section of confirmed false sexual assault reports and the fact that the forensic examiner should be aware of the potential evidential value of this kind of analysis. Furthermore, the corroboration of a victim's scenario when the investigator has doubts may be no less valuable as it may minimize the adversarial ordeal that is often faced by a rape victim.

Clothing↗