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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

An investigation into the climacteric in Nigerians.

The alterations in the hormonal levels during menopause have been studied in Nigerian women. There was a significant decrease in estradiol level of early menopausal and late menopausal women while the testosterone level increased (P less than 0.01). The luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) showed significant elevation (P less than 0.01). The elevation of follicle stimulating hormone was about fourteen times higher in early menopausal women and sixteen times higher in late menopausal women when compared to the level in controls. Luteinizing hormone, however, showed an elevation eight times higher in early menopausal women and twelve times higher in late menopausal women. The level of these hormones, the intensity of climacteric symptoms among menopausal Nigerian women and attainable age of menopause was found to be the same as in Caucasians.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical variants and symptomatic therapy of the climacteric syndrome].

The paper is concerned with the results of therapy of the climacteric syndrome: the 1st group--typical CS with predominant emotional-vegetative dystonia of vagoinsular nature, skin sensitivity to a certain fraction of estrogens was increased, the 2nd group--CS complicated by hypertension, skin reaction to progesterone; the 3rd group--CS with emotional-vegetative dystonia of mixed type, skin sensitivity to estrogens and progesterone. Intracutaneous administrations of fractions of estrogens (E) and progesterone (P) were at a ratio of E:P = 4:1 for the 1st group, E:P = 1:1 for the 2nd and 3rd groups, causing a complete convalescence of 77 of 94 patients and a partial convalescence of 17 patients. In case of a partial therapeutic effect diet- and balneotherapy was recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical study on female obesity complicated with climacteric syndrome treated by acupuncture].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of acupuncture in treating obesity complicated with climacteric syndrome (OCCS). METHODS: Thirty female OCCS patients were treated by acupuncture, combination of body and auricular acupuncture, according to the treating principle based on syndrome differentiation. The changes in symptoms, signs, obesity index, Kupperman index, vegetative nerve system equilibrium index (Y value), levels of estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), leptin (LP), insulin (INS), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and insulin activation index (IAI) in patients were observed. RESULTS: The obesity index, Kupperman index, Y value, and levels of LH, FSH, GnRH, LP, and INS increased, while levels of E2, NO, NOS and IAI decreased in OCCS patients. After acupuncture treatment, in the same time of obtaining promising effect in reducing weight, reversing effect was shown in all the above-mentioned parameters (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) . CONCLUSION: Acupuncture has favorable regulatory effect on Kupperman index, Y value, E2, LH, FSH, GnRH, NO, NOS, LP, INS and IAI in OCCS patients, its effect in improving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis, vegetative nerve function and vasomotor dysfunction, and adjusting the resistance to leptin and insulin may be the important mechanisms.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2005

The pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome and principle of acupuncture treatment based on TCM theory about brain.

The brain is the sea of marrow, stores the cerebral spirit and dominates all the life activities of the human body, which are the basic TCM knowledge about the brain. Based on this knowledge, the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome is considered as consumption and deficiency of kidney-essence, and incoordination between the brain and kidney. The principle of acupuncture treatment should be soothing the mind and tonifying the kidney.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1992

[Differentiated therapy of the climacteric syndrome].

The replacement therapy is postmenopausal women is seen to be for transformation of the oestrogen-stimulated endometrium only, which does not apply to hysterectomised women. Because of the influence of estrane on lipids, one often advises against a replacement therapy with progestogens in hysterectomised women. With increasing knowledge of encountered extragenital functions of sexual steroids, the latter is questionable, if natural progesterone is given, which is (said to be) lipid-neutral, performing the function of the progestogens, which is quite more than reproduction only, more efficiently than estrane or gonane. Due to the competitive blocking of aldosterone the effect of progesterone is sodium-diuretic and diuretic, being as important as the therapy of climacteric complaints, as well as the consequence, which is the result of the physiological connection between progesterone and encephalics. Moreover, the effect of the progestogens is to tonicise the vascular system and is linked to a number of intestinal hormones in order to adjust their function. Therefore, progesterone seems to perform a great variety of extragenital functions. Menopausal women should not be deprived of the benefits of these functions within the framework of a replacement therapy.

Androgens↗
PubMed2006

[Climacteric phase and menopause: anatomy and physiology].

Before starting with the concepts of climacteric phase and menopause, it is essential to superficially review the location and function of the genital system which is such a factor of the processes this program has as its objectives.

Climacteric↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Estrogen treatment in climacteric and postmenopause after 2002. Can it still be prescribed?].

Preliminary results of the American study called Women's Health Initiative starting in July 2002, showed an increase in some health risks, such as coronary disease, stroke, invasive breast cancer and dementia in 2003, in postmenopausal users of replacement hormonal therapy (HRT) with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). These results were opposed to those found in many observational studies in previous years. Although some benefits like significant reduction in number of osteoporotic fractures were demonstrated too, these results caused an enormous change in medical criteria for prescription and time of usage of HRT during the climacteric and postmenopausal periods in the whole world. The publication of complementary information in subsequent years to date, related to other sections or branches of Women's Health Initiative, such as only-estrogens users, which showed no increase of the above mentioned results, confirm the importance of continuing analysis of Women's Health Initiative results, as well as the need to do more research about HRT, with the purpose to get a better understanding about risks and benefits. This paper is a review of the most important results of Women's Health Initiative published to date, with comments about the hypothesis and possibilities to explain them, with the purpose of spreading in a realistic way the state of knowledge in the usage of HRT and increase the information of family physicians in Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, who are the first contact for medical care in these periods of their lives and help them to take clinical decisions.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of hormone substitution therapy on AT III in women in the climacteric].

Anti-thrombin III is the major inhibitor of intravasal coagulation. Patients with AT III activity less than 80% are at risk for thromboembolic complications. We have examined 224 women with climacteric symptoms (flush, urogenital complaints, osteoporosis) who received estrogen replacement therapy for one year. 105 women (group I) received conjugated estrogens at 0.626 mg. 52 women (group II) were given conjugated estrogens at 1.25 mg. 67 women (group III) were treated with transdermal estrogen replacement (TTS 50 mcg). AT III activity was measured before and one year after replacement therapy. No significant alterations of AT III activity were noted between the different modalities of application. This supports epidemiologic findings suggesting that no increase in the incidence of thromboembolic complications was seen in women who received estrogen replacement therapy over several years.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2006

[Significance of chong vessel theory for climacteric reactions].

OBJECTIVE: To probe clinical application value of the Chong Vessel. METHODS: Analyze characteristics of running of the Chong Vessel based on running and distribution of the Chong Vessel in ancient literatures, and summarize indication rule of the Chong Vessel from the function of the Chong Vessel in the human body and the indications of the Chong Vessel, further probe into relation between the Chong Vessel and function of the human endocrine system. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture-moxibustion therapy can exert the action, which can not be attained by drugs, on the diseases and syndromes induced by endocrine imbalance, such as climacteric syndrome and the diseases and syndromes caused by deficiency of both qi and blood in the aged.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[Treatment of climacteric syndrome with new gengnian prescriptions].

It was found by the observations of clinical treatment that the three indexes of epinephrine(E), norepinephrine(NE) and dopamine(D) of urinary catecholamine(CA) increased (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001) for the climacteric patients who suffered from the deficiency of Yin leading to the hyperactivity of the internal heat of the heart, and the urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) increased (P less than 0.001) for the patients who suffered from the deficiency of Yin leading to the hyperactivity of the internal heat of the liver. Both the three indexes and urinary 17-OHCS increased for the two groups (P less than 0.01). However, for all the above groups who suffered from the deficiency of Yin leading to the hyperactivity of the internal heat, the NE/E ratio was larger than the normal ratio, which stands for the level of central catecholamine. After the treatment with new Gengnian prescriptions, the clinical symptoms of the patients were improved, and in the meantime urinary CA. 17-OHCS and NE/E were decreased. The total efficiency was 89.2%. The principle of treatment with this prescription may be due to the fact that the level of central catecholamine decreased so that the excessive excitation of sympathetics-adrenocortical system and sympathetics-adrenocortical system was restrained.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Climacteric syndrome: comparison of several secondary therapies].

During a first one year period a random treatment for climacteric symptoms with "Estriol vaginal cream" vs "Trazodone and Estriol vaginal cream" and, after it and only in patients not complaining of dyspareunia, with "Trazodone" vs "Veralipride" has been conducted. After the first year all women complaining of dyspareunia were treated with Estriol vaginal cream. Eighty women were enrolled in the five treatment groups. After three months of treatment, a good remission of symptoms was shown, with differences in relations to treatment schedules. Dyspareunia subsided for more than 70% in women treated with Estriol vaginal cream (either by itself or in association), and Estriol vaginal cream achieved the best response from the highest number of the considered symptoms, besides being the only active treatment in insomnia. A good answer on hot flushes and "irritability, anxiety, depression" was obtained by Trazodone, while Veralipride showed to be more active on all neurovegetative symptoms (hot flushes, sweatings, tinglings, palpitations, astenia).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hormone substitution in the female climacteric--goals, means, effects].

Traditional beliefs about climacteric symptoms and widespread imaginations about unwanted effects of estrogens in the pill have long been interfering with the recommendation of an early onset of effective replacement therapy. The somatic symptoms of rush or genital atrophia have later on been classified as hard evidence to justify a therapy, much more than the predominant psychic signs occurring in the postmenopausal years as mental depressions, decrease or lacking of libido, nervousness, insomnia. Those signs were neglected as weaker indications responding even to a placebo treatment. The present knowledge understands somatic and psychosomatic signs as an entiety, both being accessible to hormonal replacement therapy. 85% of the postmenopausal signs can effectively be treated with hormones. What is now known about atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism and osteoporosis in ageing woman adds further justification to even the prophylactic use of estrogens. Natural estrogens administered orally, transdermally or parenterally are the means of choice. The dosage might be tailored on the relief of symptoms (and afterwards reduced to a mere maintaining dosage), or given in a fixed cyclic regimen. The treatment cycle will be three or four weeks, a progestogen should be added for the last 12-14 days. Only one estrogen-androgen combination has survived (Gynodian). The transdermal application (in three different concentrations) with administration twice a week is in progress. Indications and contraindications for transdermal estrogens are similar to estrogens administered orally.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Morphologic basis of hemorrhage during hormonal therapy in the climacteric syndrome].

In a group of 133 postmenopausal women in the course of nine years the relationship between two types of hormonal treatment and one of the side-effects--metrorrhagia--was investigated. This symptom was found in 37 patients. The authors followed two aims. To evaluate the relationship between treatment of the climacteric syndrome and the morphological state of the uterine mucosa and to assess the optimal therapeutic pattern under local conditions. The insignificant frequency of proliferating endometrial changes supports some data in the literature which draw attention also to other causes of haemorrhage. With regard to therapeutic regimes, the authors consider continual administration of conjugated oestrogens--0.625 mg and medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg per day as suitable. They emphasize the necessity to follow up the patients in a special clinic with the opportunity to make hormonal examinations and to ensure interdisciplinary collaboration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hormonal therapy in climacteric women: compliance and its socioeconomic impact.

Hormonal therapy can effectively enhance the quality of life for postmenopausal women, and prevent climacteric-related conditions such as osteoporosis. Since long-term therapy is often required, compliance becomes an important issue. This can best be achieved by measurement, documenting the reason for hormone therapy, and by repeated measurement, demonstrating a response to the treatment. Case histories documenting this principle are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Initial experience with centralized care of women with bleeding in the climacteric and postmenopausal period].

In 31 women with haemorrhage during the climacteric and postmenopausal period the authors investigated as risk factors of endometrial carcinoma glandular cystic hyperplasia during the perimenopause and signs of oestrogenization of the endometrium in the postmenopausal period. Based on the results of anamnestic data, gynaecological, laboratory and histological examination treatment, incl. administration of gestagens, was outlined. None of the patients who had medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment had a relapse of dysfunctional bleeding or endometrial carcinoma during the one year follow up period. The authors present the results of control examinations after six months treatment. They give an outline of centralized care of risk groups of women in a centre for the pathology. This is a methodological paper, endometrial the basis for a subsequent investigation on the subjects.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1989

[Functional research on carbohydrate metabolism in women with climacteric metropathy].

The study was carried out on 61 women with climacteric metropathy at mean age of 48,33 years. Histopathologic endometrial finding of the performed curettage showed predominating anovulatory or organic character of the bleeding. The mean values of oral glucose tolerance test in women of the whole group did not exceed the established reference values. However there was a reduced glucose tolerance as the values of the test were within range zone. This is an important fact in determining a model for hormonal prophylaxis and treatment.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1989

The role of fine needle aspiration for breast cancer in the climacteric--a preliminary report.

Fine needle biopsy has been used with great accuracy in the diagnosis of breast tumours. There have been few reports on its efficacy as an adjunct to other breast screening techniques like x-ray mammography. Abnormal mammograms in the absence of a palpable breast lump are sometimes detected in the climacteric and these pose a problem of tissue sampling for pathologic diagnosis. We have tried to evaluate the technique of radiologically guided fine needle aspiration in such patients. Our report is of an initial series of 13 cases of non-palpable, mammographically abnormal breast lesions. Eight cases were fibroadenoma, 4 cases mammary dysplasia and 1 a benign breast lesion. Representative cytologic samples were obtained in 11 of our 13 cases. Cytologic diagnosis should be correlated with mammographic findings.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1987

[Neuroendocrine changes in the climacteric].

In order to investigate the relationship between hot flushes and LH-peaks, we applied GnRH-Analogon for pharmacological hypophysectomy. Although the gonadotropin serum levels could be normalized, none of the women showed a cessation of the flushes. Therefore it can be assumed that not gonadotropins, but neurotransmitters are involved in the development of flushes. The determination of the serum-level of vasointestinal peptide in the course of a TRH-test showed high VIP levels only in two climacteric women. To verify the suspected relation of VIP to the climacterium, a larger collective of women has to be checked.

Climacteric↗