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Results for “BONE REGENERATION”

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PubMed1986

[Electron microscopic and morphometric study of bone regeneration as affected by magnetic and laser stimulation].

Electron microscopic and morphometric investigations of changes in the cellular and non-cellular components of bone regenerates pretreated with constant magnetic field (CMF), laser beam (LB) or combined magnetic-laser stimulation (CMF + LB) have been conducted. The study was performed on rats with hole-like tibia lesions. CMF and LB were found to reduce significantly the intercellular edema and to activate the cellular components responsible for fibrogenic regenerate formation. CMF + LB stimulation had a most selective effect on the differentiation of cellular components that caused a more rapid replacement of lesions by newly formed bone tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Bone regeneration in extraction sites after immediate placement of an e-PTFE membrane with or without a biomaterial. A report on 12 consecutive cases.

The efficacy in restoring a buccal dehiscence after tooth extraction has been studied in 12 consecutive cases using guided bone regeneration with (6 patients) or without (6 patients) a biomaterial (DFDBA or Bio Oss) beneath an e-PTFE membrane. A correlation between the clinical impression of density at drilling time and the histological signs of bone formation has been evaluated too. The membrane was removed after 6 or 9 months and a biopsy was performed. Clinically, GBR was highly predictable for regeneration of the alveolar bone after tooth extraction with buccal dehiscence. The histology fully confirmed the clinical and radiographical results, showing bone formation in all cases with individual variations in the amount of bone formed. 6-month biopsies from the membrane sites had lamellar bone with large medullary spaces, while a good bone density was observed at 9 months. The membrane/biomaterial sites demonstrated mineralization and large amounts of allograft at 6 months. Thus, bone regeneration seems to take more time when grafting material is used.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2006

In vitro evaluation of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-collagen composite scaffold for bone regeneration.

Numerous materials have been proposed for bone tissue regeneration. However, none has been shown to be entirely satisfactory. In this study we fabricated a hybrid composite scaffold composed of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and a naturally derived collagen matrix derived from porcine bladder submucosa matrix (BSM), and evaluated the biological activities and physical properties of the scaffold for use in bone tissue regeneration. The BSM-PLGA composite scaffolds are able to promote cellular interactions and possess uniformly interconnected pores with adequate structural integrity. The composite scaffolds were tested with both human embryonic stem (hES) cells and bovine osteoblasts (bOB). Cells seeded on the composite scaffolds readily attached, infiltrated and proliferated, as confirmed by cell viability and mitochondrial metabolic activity. Use of the composite scaffolding system with cells may enhance the formation of bone tissue for therapeutic regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone regeneration in podiatric surgery.

Many factors affect postoperative bone formation. Factors such as age, sex, and trauma cannot be controlled; however, proper technique, a controllable factor, is imperative in achieving good surgical results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bone regeneration around titanium dental implants in dehisced defect sites: a clinical study.

Insufficient bone volume can be a significant problem when placing dental implants. This clinical study was designed to evaluate bone regeneration potential at dehisced dental implant sites. Nineteen titanium dental implants with exposed threads were studied. To create a secluded space for bone formation, an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane was placed over the exposed implant sites secured with an implant cover screw and completely covered with the flap. Three membranes perforated the overlying soft tissue during the healing time and were removed prematurely. The remaining membranes were removed after an uneventful healing period of 4.5 to 6 months. Fourteen of 19 dehisced implant sites were completely covered with newly formed bonelike tissue; 4 implants demonstrated partial bone fill at reentry and 1 implant showed partial fill with soft tissue. In five implant sites a reentry was performed between 6 and 9 weeks; nonmineralized fibrous tissue was found to fill the space under the membrane. At 16 of the 19 implant sites there were similar dehiscence-type defects that were evaluated as a group. These dehiscences varied from 2.0 to 9.0 mm. The percentage of bone fill at reentry ranged from 28.4% to 100% (mean 89.6%; SD 22.51; SE 5.63) and was highly significant (P < .0001). Six to 12 months after prosthesis connection, 12 of the 19 implants were available for radiographic interpretation and an average bone loss of 1.73 mm (SD = 0.43) was measured. This surgical application of an e-PTFE membrane suggested a viable clinical method for enhancing bone formation around dental implants.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Guided bone regeneration using osteopatite granules and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes.

Granules of a modified hydroxyapatite, Osteopatite, were implanted in the right posterior tibiae of adult rabbits. We studied the extent of bone regeneration in bone holes. In the right tibiae, that were filled with granules of this biomaterial covered with a polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) membrane using, as a control, uncovered granules. In the left tibia, an empty hole was covered with PTFE membrane and a second hole was left empty to be used as a control. A histomorphometric study was carried out using light microscopy, four and eight weeks after the surgery. The covered granules presented a higher percentage of bone contact than the uncovered ones, and it was also possible to observe a better bone tissue organization, mainly produced by the immobilization action of the PTFE membrane. Empty bone defects covered with PTFE membranes, two months after implantation, presented large areas of Haversian bone and direct bone contact to the PTFE membrane.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Temporal dynamics of healing in rabbit cranial defects using guided bone regeneration.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to histologically evaluate the early stages of bone regeneration using rabbit calvaria defects in conjunction with guided tissue regeneration. MATERIALS: A semilunar cutaneous-periosteal flap was raised on the forehead of four rabbits exposing the top of the skull. A standardized transosseous skull defect (> or = 15 mm in diameter) was made in the area of the right parietal bone with a rotating round bur. Care was taken not to damage the underlying dura. A flat expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane was placed to cover the defect. The membrane was tightly adapted, extending at least 4 mm onto intact bone, and the flap was sutured. One, 2, 3, and 5 weeks later, the specimens were removed and processed using standard, undecalcified, hard-tissue histologic techniques. Contact radiographs were also taken. RESULTS: Bone growth increased with time, starting at the borders of the defect. At 1 week, trabeculae of woven bone grew into the highly vascularized loose connective tissue occupying the defect. Two weeks postsurgery, isolated islands of new bone were detected in this connective tissue. Subsequently, neighboring small islands merged to form large islands. In later stages, the primary trabeculae of woven bone were reinforced by layers of regularly deposited lamellar bone. CONCLUSION: Rabbit calvaria defects treated by guided tissue regeneration heal by ingrowth of woven bone from the defect margins and by formation of bony islands within the defect area. Bone healing showed the histophysiological characteristics of intramembranous bone.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of carbostimulin and vitamin D3 on activity of glycolytic enzymes of rabbit bones, regenerates and muscles].

Activity of glycolysis enzymes such as: phosphofructokinase, aldolase, phosphoglucomutase, was determined in the regenerate of a bone, bone fragments, native bone and, for the sake of comparison, in the animal muscles after the radius resection and feeding of carbostimulin and its mixture with vitamin D3 for 10 days. On the 12th day after the radius resection the phosphofructokinase activity in rabbits increases in the native and operated bones as compared to that in bones of nonoperative animals. In the group of rabbits which were fed on the mixture of carbostimulin and vitamin D3 the phosphofructokinase activity is 7-2 times as high. In the regenerate of these animals the activity becomes 12 times as high as that in the regenerate of the control rabbits. An analogous increase in the aldolase and phosphoglucomutase reaction rate is observed in the bones of the animals which received carbostimulin and vitamin D3 (4.5 and 7.5 times, respectively). The same tendency to the increase in the activity of these enzymes is observed in the regenerate tissue. In the muscular tissue at this stage of regeneration the activity of the studied enzymes which is usually high in norm decreases.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[The advance of bioactive peptide RGD in the research of bone regeneration].

Clinically, there has been so far no effective way to repair the bone-missing of large extent due to gash, infection and removal of tumor. The solution of this problem can be assisted by the addition of bioactive substances to substrate materials, because the growth of peripheral tissue and the fiber tissue growing the materials can be induced to the direction of bone-tissue by these biomaterials with bioactive peptides. The peptide Arg-Gly-Asp is the point between the integrin which comes from membrane and the ligand. In certain cases, the artificially synthesized RGD can be competitively combined with the integrin on cell surface, and outer-cell information is transmitted into cells, which will cause a series of physiological changes in cells. Presently, it is reported that the RGD has the ability to induce the growth of osteoblasts, restrain the adhesion between osteoclasts and substrates. This paper reviews and introduces the progress made with the work of RGD-inducing bone regeneration.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2006

Transplanted endothelial cells enhance orthotopic bone regeneration.

The aim of this study was to determine if endothelial cells could enhance bone marrow stromal-cell-mediated bone regeneration in an osseous defect. Using poly-lactide-co-glycolide scaffolds as cell carriers, we transplanted bone marrow stromal cells alone or with endothelial cells into 8.5-mm calvarial defects created in nude rats. Histological analyses of blood vessel and bone formation were performed, and microcomputed tomography (muCT) was used to assess mineralized bone matrix. Though the magnitude of the angiogenic response between groups was the same, muCT analysis revealed earlier mineralization of bone in the co-transplantation condition. Ultimately, there was a significant increase (40%) in bone formation in the co-transplantation group (33 +/- 2%), compared with the transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells alone (23 +/- 3%). Analysis of these data demonstrates that, in an orthotopic site, transplanted endothelial cells can influence the bone-regenerative capacity of bone marrow stromal cells.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

The effect of a biphasic ceramic on calvarial bone regeneration in rats.

Bioactive ceramics (calcium phosphate ceramics, hydroxyapatite ceramics) are now extensively used in oral surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a new biphasic ceramic (Ceraform) on the osteogenesis in a rat calvarial defect model. Fifteen Wistar rats were used in this study. Two symmetrical 3-mm wide defects were created in the skull of each rat. The left defect was left empty as a control and the right defect was filled with the ceramic. The rats were sacrificed at day 30, and the calvarial specimens were processed for qualitative and quantitative histological examinations. The material exhibited no adverse effects, but no bone healing was noted either. No statistical difference regarding bone regeneration was observed between the 2 defects (P > .05). This study showed that Ceraform did not elicit any inflammatory reaction; however, it had no effect on bone regeneration, and this material seems suitable only as a space-maintaining material.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Surgical therapy of peri-implant disease: a 3-year follow-up study of cases treated with 3 different techniques of bone regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Advanced peri-implant intrabony defects require comprehensive surgical treatment regimens different from periodontal therapy strategies. The purpose of this longitudinal trial was to evaluate the peri-implant outcomes following guided bone regeneration with 3 treatment protocols. METHODS: In 25 patients, 41 peri-implant defects with supporting bone loss >50% of the implant length were treated with flap surgery plus autogenous bone grafts alone (FG) (controls, n = 12) plus non-resorbable (FGM) (test 1, n = 20) or bioabsorbable barriers (FGRM) (test 2, n = 9) and supportive antimicrobial therapy. Following submerged healing, the membranes were removed (FGM), and the peri-implant probing depths (PD), probing bone levels (BL), mobility scores (PT), and intrabony defect height (DH) were radiographically evaluated at baseline, 6 months, and 1 and 3 years post-therapy. RESULTS: Non-surgical/anti-infective therapy resulted in a limited improvement of PD scores after 6 months. At the 3-year visit, surgical treatment revealed significant changes from baseline for the controls and both of the test groups for PD: 5.1 +/- 2.7 mm (FG), 5.4 +/- 3.0 mm (FGM), and 2.6 +/- 1.6 mm (FGRM), and for BL: 3.2 +/- 2.4 mm (FG), 3.4 +/- 2.4 mm (FGM), and 2.3 +/- 1.6 mm (FGRM), Mann-Whitney test, P < or = 0.05. The changes for DH and PT were significant only for FG- and FGM-treated subjects. The overall improvement for FGRM-treated patients during the 3-year observation was less marked. However, the differences between the 3 surgical treatment protocols did not affect the treatment outcomes after 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous bone grafting is an appropriate treatment regimen to augment open crater-formed peri-implant defects. Although certain clinical situations require an additional fixation of barrier membranes, their routine application should be approached with caution.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1996

The effect of IL-1 receptor antagonist on the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in regenerating bone marrow.

To evaluate the involvement of IL-1 on bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and erythroid (BFU-E and CFU-E) progenitor cell regeneration during the recovery of hematopoiesis after sublethal irradiation of CBA mice, we examined the effects of IL-1 receptor blockade by recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra). The actual number of progenitors and proportion of these cells in S phase of the cell cycle were determined in regenerating bone marrow cells obtained 3 days after 2 Gy irradiation both following the in vivo administration of rhIL-1ra, as well as after the in vitro preincubation with increasing amounts of rhIL-1ra. The results revealed that rhIL-1ra decreased the number and the proportion of CFU-GM in the S phase in regenerating bone marrow. As concerning erythroid progenitors, rhIL-1ra treatment suppressed BFU-E and enhanced CFU-E-derived colony growth, indicating that the biological effects of IL-1 might be different depending on the stage of differentiation. The observed effects pointed to the importance of the basal levels of IL-1, as well as IL-1 receptor expression during the recovery of hematopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Biological effects of drug-loaded biodegradable membranes for guided bone regeneration.

The biological effects of drug-loaded biodegradable novel membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) was evaluated. The membranes were polyglycolic acid mesh coated with poly-L-lactic acid containing flurbiprofen, tetracycline or PDGF-BB. Porous structure was generated in the membranes by using a phase inversion method. The membrane was less toxic, nicely biodegradable and biocompatible for 8 wk after implantation in the dorsal skin of the rat. The drugs released from the membranes were shown to be effective for new bone formation. Tetracycline, flurbiprofen or PDGF-BB loaded membrane was markedly effective for osteoid tissue and new bone formation in the bony defect prepared in rat calvaria to compare with that by unloaded membrane. These results suggested that drug-loaded biodegradable barrier membrane might be a potential tool for GBR in periodontal therapy.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

[Bone regeneration over plastic implants after mandibular resection breaking the continuity].

In young patients, bone regeneration may start from the region of the temporo-mandibular joint and from the peripheral mandibular stump in cases of continuity defects of the mandible. A resin graft implanted for soft tissue reconstruction is collar-like surrounded by bone which is developing into a functionally and anatomically full regenerate over many years, in correspondence to periosteal and desmal growth stimuli. In adults, regeneration is minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Guided bone regeneration around titanium implants: report of the treatment of 1,503 sites with clinical reentries.

Guided bone regeneration procedures were carried out around 1,503 implants, including 237 that were noted in a previous publication, using Gore-Tex membranes over demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft, freeze-dried bone allograft, an equal combination of these, or demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft combined with equal parts of resorbable tricalcium phosphate. Comparison of findings at the time of clinical reentry and preoperative photographs and measurements yielded an overall success rate of 97.0% in the treatment of dehisced or fenestrated implants or fixtures placed in immediate extraction sockets. Success was defined as the presence of regenerated hard tissue covering all previously exposed implant surfaces (complete success) or as the presence of two threads or 2 mm or less of residual dehiscence (partial success).

Bone Density↗