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PubMed2002

Anatomy of the mind.

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Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

A two-year follow-up study of remote memory in Alzheimer's disease.

The authors assessed long-term changes in autobiographical and public remote memory in a series of 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 10 age-comparable healthy comparison subjects who underwent two evaluations, with an interval ranging from 24 to 36 months. The assessment consisted of the Remote and Autobiographical Memory Scales and the Buschke Selective Reminding Test. The AD group showed a significantly greater decline on both types of remote memory than the comparison group. Alzheimer's disease patients performed significantly better on recognition than on free-recall, suggesting more severe retrieval than encoding/storage deficits. The decline in anterograde verbal memory correlated significantly with the decline in autobiographical memory, suggesting a common final pathway for both deficits.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

A saving grace.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Hope lost and found.

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Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Freud's Leonardo: psychobiography and autobiography of genius.

In his creation of a psychobiography of one genius and the hidden autobiographic analysis of another, Freud exemplifies what he described in the study: "Kindly nature has given the artist the ability to express his most secret mental impulses, which are hidden even from himself, by means of the works that he creates" (p. 107).

Art↗
PubMed1980

Psychoanalysis and biography: aspects of a developing affinity.

In examining some aspects of a growing affinity between the materials and problems confronting psychoanalysis and biography, the two disciplines most concerned with man in his historical totality, I have focused on the different methods used in these two fields of knowing about an individual's life and past. The early debt of psychoanalysis to biography, especially to its autobiographical sources, has been reviewed, and the unexplored potential of such documentary sources for our field has been suggested. The particular interest of diaries, especially in early adolescence, has been stressed. I have noted the relation of biography to clinical work, have stressed the historical and social context of a life and the relation between the actual and the psychologically transformed past. A biographical orientation leads inevitably to the question of how we learn about the past, and thus to the matter of documentation and the use of additional documentary materials in the treatment setting. I have concluded with a series of problems or questions for further consideration. These concern the use of "outside" documentation, the place of writing down dreams and experiences, and the use in treatment of information obtained by the patient or the therapist from other people, especially in preoedipal reconstruction and in our effort to understand character patterns not in evidence in the transference, which may be known primarily through their impact on other persons.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Remembering everyday experience through the prism of self-esteem.

Two studies examined whether global self-esteem was associated with bias in memory for autobiographical experience. For 7 days, participants described specific events and made ratings of their experience (i.e., state self-esteem, positive and negative emotion, and perceived valence of the event) in response to each event. Later, participants were presented with their event descriptions and were asked to recall their experience ratings from memory. As hypothesized, higher global self-esteem predicted positive shifts in memory for experience, whereas lower global self-esteem predicted negative shifts in memory for experience. Patterns of bias were strongest for remembered state self-esteem, moderate for positive emotion, and minimal for event valence. Self-esteem did not predict bias for negative emotion. Mood at the time of recall (measured in Study 2) generally did not account for the patterns. These findings strengthen the view that self-esteem is a rich source of knowledge about the self that can influence memory for some kinds of autobiographical experience.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Implicit and explicit motives influence accessibility to different autobiographical knowledge.

In two studies, participants completed implicit and explicit measures of achievement and intimacy/affiliation motivation. In Study 1, they recalled an emotional and a self-descriptive memory. In both domains, implicit motive scores were higher when motivational content was present in the emotional memory. When motivational content was present in the self-descriptive memory, explicit motive scores were higher in both domains. In Study 2, participants recalled four autobiographical memories (two agentic, two communal) that were then categorized as specific or general events. Implicit motive scores were higher for participants who recalled specific agentic and communal events. Explicit motive scores were higher for participants who recalled general achievement events but not general communal events. Findings suggest that implicit motives are linked to accessibility of specific and emotional experiences, whereas explicit motives are linked more strongly to accessibility of specific and general memories that relate to the self-concept.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

"A picture's worth a thousand words": language use in the autophotographic essay.

The authors applied Pennebaker's Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program to autophotographic essays addressing the question, "Who are you?" to test hypotheses about individuality and social connectedness. Specifically, the authors tested whether insight-oriented words would correlate with individuality ratings, defining essays that portray unique persons who creatively explore the self. Second, the authors tested whether connectedness, operationalized by photos of people-touching and self with others, would correlate with social process words. In 164 student photo essays, greater linguistic cognitive complexity characterized individuality, even when controlling for needs for cognition and uniqueness, and verbal intelligence. Connectedness predicted social words. These findings show that autophotography essays do capture complex self-reflective thought and suggest LIWC may be a valuable tool for understanding the expression of individuality and relatedness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The use of the diary as a data collection technique.

The initiation of a research project requires many decisions, not the least of which is the selection of a method for data collection. This decision is, in large measure, guided by the nature of the research question which generally prescribes the selection of a strategy for data collection from among an array of possible alternatives. This article addresses the use of a diary for data collection. Although diaries have traditionally been used in social science and health research, their use in nursing research is more recent. The article begins with a brief discussion of the rationale for using the diary to gather data in a study of personal and professional caregiving. A brief review of the use of diaries in previous studies follows, along with a description of the use of a diary in the caregiving study and a discussion of the possible threats to high quality data as well as measures used to ensure the collection of high quality data. The article concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the diary and makes recommendations regarding its use in nursing research.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Biography as therapy.

The feeling that life has had no meaning is an impediment to a peaceful death. Life review enables a person to identify events that have been of worth and so enhances self-esteem. This approach has been extended and formalized by establishing a biographer service to compile oral and written biographies of patients who may be expected to benefit from such a re-examination of their lives. The service is now also being offered to patients whose disability precludes most other forms of activity. The value of biography as therapy is considered and it is concluded that it has much to offer in the circumstances described.

Aged↗