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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

High-frequency Bekesy audiometry: VI. Pulsed vs. continuous signals.

Carefully screened normal-hearing young adults (5M, 25 F) performed a fixed-frequency version of high-frequency Bekesy audiometry (HFBA) with pure tones ranging from 2-16 kc/s, using the SHF E-800 unit (Gauz and Smith, J. Aud. Res., 1985, 25, 101-122). Pulsed (P) and Continuous (C) traces were recorded for 1 and 2 min, respectively. Data were described in types of response, amount of threshold decrement of the C trace re P traces, and rate of threshold decrement. P traces showed stability, while the majority (about 70-95%) of C traces overlapped P traces for 2-12 kc/s (our Type I). Some C traces (about 3-25% indicated adaptation followed by stabilization (Type II), while others (about 3-20% showed adaptation without stabilization (Type II/III), without regard for frequency. Rapid adaptation to the limits of the audiometer (Type III) was infrequently encountered below 14 kc/s, but showed an accelerated increase from 14-16 kc/s. During Min 2, a slight decrease in Type I responses and a corresponding increase in Type II responses were obtained. The rate of adaptation (in db/sec) increased with frequency and decreased with duration. This slope was relatively slight at 2-8 kc/s, increased at 10-12 kc/s, and increased notably at higher frequencies. Total amount of adaptation in db (P-C) increased with frequency, although mean values were rather small, most less than 5 db and none exceeding 10 db by the end of Min 2. Excluding Type III responses, no C-mode adaptation exceeded 24 db for any individual. The potential utility of HFBA and implications for future research were discussed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1986

Remote masking, brief tone audiometry and critical ratio in sensorineural hearing losses.

Aim of this study is to evaluate in ears with different kinds of perceptive disorders the relationships between Critical Ratio (CR), Remote Masking (RM) and Brief Tone Audiometry (BTA) in order to analyse to what extent cochlear efficiency depends on functional properties of the mechanical extrasensorial structures and/or of the sensorial elements in the inner ear. Present results show that in ears with non retrocochlear sensorineural losses CR results are more often affected than RM and BTA. A reduced cochlear efficiency is related more to a failure of the mechanical properties than to dysfunctions of the cellular elements within the inner ear; presumably, micromechanisms not yet understood or unknown interfere with the efficiency of the cochlea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Value assessment of MIRA (multichannel infant reflex audiometry). 1. On response detection from activity curves].

The activity curves (sucking, breathing, eye movements) of 18 babies were inspected for alterations which might indicate reactions of hearing. In 10 cases, 4 of them also confirmed by ABR findings, we found it possible to deduce the hearing threshold from alterations of the respective activities alone even without knowledge of the occurrence of the stimulus (blind experiment, addition of the stimulus time after identification of activity alterations). Greater discrepancies are discussed with respect to the experience of the investigator and to different methods of audiometry.

Arousal↗
PubMed1979

Brain stem evoked response audiometry in a clinical practice.

Brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA) is an effective method of evaluating the auditory pathway from the peripheral endorgan through the brain stem. The authors have found this test to be a valuable adjunct to the neurotologic evaluation and have applied the study to over 500 patients (639 ears) in a 22 month time span. BERA has an excellent success rate (98%) in determining the presence of cerebellopontine angle lesions and is helpful in establishing whether a hearing loss is of cochlear or retrocochlear type. The authors have found BERA of use in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis as well as other neurologic diseases affecting the brain stem. It is a valid method of dealing with suspected malingerers and those who cannot respond to standard audiometric techniques. BERA has been helpful in determining the threshold of hearing in these patients. The authors conclude that BERA is a clinical study of practical significance and that more otolaryngologists should consider adding it to their diagnostic protocol.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attention and respiration audiometry.

The effect of attention on auditory responses obtained with respiration audiometry was examined on twenty normal-hearing adults. Ten subjects were instructed to listen carefully for the auditory stimuli during testing, while the other ten were not instructed. The results revealed that the change in respiration resulting from sound stimuli for the instructed subjects was three times greater than for the uninstructed group during the first 11-tonal sequence. However, during the third sequence, more responses were obtained from the uninstructed subjects. There was little evidence to suggest that the respiratory changes to sound were greater in magnitude or in number as the intensity of the sound approached behavioral threshold. The results suggest that the level of attention affects the number and pattern of respiratory responses to sound.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of clinical behavioral audiometry and autoregression analysis of EEG and heart rate in hearing-impaired children.

Autoregressive analysis, a statistical technique for detecting changes in electroencephalic (EEG) and heart rate (HR) data was compared with clinical behavioral audiometric results on 10 hearing-impaired children in schools for the hard of hearing and deaf. EEG and HR data were collected in a screening paradigm involving tones of .5, 1, and 4 kc/s at 80 db SPL in a free field. An index of reliability, or acceptable level of agreement, was set at 70%. This criterion was met 5 out of 6 times. For the EEG, agreements exceeded 70% at 1 and at 4 kc/s, and for HR at all 3 frequencies. Results suggest that the autoregressive approach yields data very similar to behavioral audiometry in this population. Continued exploration of autoregressive analysis of electrophysiologic indices in determining reactivity to tones is warranted, particularly since the statistical method can be used with younger infants.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1978

[Quantitative results of the brainstem audiometry in middle ear, cochlear, and retrocochlear hearing damage (author's transl)].

After a discussion of the technique and validity of the objective audiometry using acoustically evoked brainstem potentials, we demonstrate the shape of potentials at various locations of the scalp. We compare the objective findings for middle and inner ear hearing losses with the subjective audiogram. Disturbances in the middle ear are marked through a letency shift corresponding to the hearing loss with normal bone conducted reaction. When the cochlea is damaged we notice a quick decrease in amplitude from the loudnesscompensation to the threshold with normal latencies. As examples for retro-cochlear damages we give the cases of a child, retarded after encephalitis, of an infant and of a patient with stato-acoustic neurinoma, whereby also the cochlear, subcortical and cortical potentials are evaluated.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1984

Office audiometry.

The selection of appropriate hearing test procedures is dependent upon the goals chosen by the practitioner and the skills of the examiner. Office audiometry is superior to tuning-fork tests and provides unique information for diagnosis and management.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1983

Audiometry and tympanometry in children throughout one school year.

One hundred children had audiometry and tympanometry testing every two to three weeks throughout 38 weeks of a school year. The results showed an average prevalence of some abnormality in 62% and that the abnormal group was constantly changing. Abnormal episodes had a median duration of three to four weeks and a mean of six weeks. Thirty-nine percent of the children had more than one episode. Comparisons were made between the different measures of hearing and middle-ear function and between these and educational tests of intelligence, language and school achievement. Educational deficit was related most closely to total decibel loss. Four screening models were designed to allow economical use of testers' time. Resultant test patterns were related to two to three week testing and to educational test results. The closest correlation with educational test results proved to be an audiogram pass/fail screen each school term.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1978

[New methods in the objective audiometry for the proof of simulation and for the determination of the differential thresholds for frequency and intensity (author's transl)].

The "late acoustically evoked potentials" (50 to 300 msec) can be recorded in different stages of vigilance and awareness; therefore their significance as a correlate of conscious central perception is doubtful. The "very late DC-potentials" (300 msec and more) reflect conscious central perception because of their cognitively determinated features and can be used for the proof of simulation. Their application in ERA comprises the determination of the hearing threshold, the "objective speech audiometry" and the determination of the differential thresholds. The "objective frequency decrement test" gives additional informations about the degree and the specifity of a hearing loss. The objective proof of the differential threshold for intensity demonstrates the insufficient significance of the SISI test.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1982

A study of the recommended pass/fail criteria for impedance audiometry in a school screening program.

One hundred and nine children enrolled in kindergarten to grade 3 were studied audiologically and otologically over a three month period to examine pass/fail criteria that have been recommended for impedance audiometry in school screening programs. Results indicated that tympanogram type (flat or rounded) and puretones of 2,000 Hz (20 dB) and 4,000 Hz (25 dB) agreed most often with the ENT diagnosis of significant middle ear pathology. These pass/fail criteria also gave a reasonably acceptable over and under referral rate. A third screening is recommended one month following the first and second screenings, and if the child continues to "fail" a medical referral is suggested. There are at least two limitations of current automated impedance screening devices--pressure range, and acoustic reflex sensitivity, which will produce unnecessary failures due solely to instrumentation.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1981

[Brain stem evoked response audiometry via air- and bone-conducted stimulation (author's transl)].

Brain stem potentials can be released by bone-conducted stimulation. The spectral composition of the skull vibration being generated by ton-bursts (1, 2, 4 and 8 kc) were recorded from several positions of the head. Combined acoustic stimulation via air- and bone-conduction (BERA) enables, on principle, a differentiated statement of sound conduction and inner ear components of hypacusis in infancy, analogous to conventional audiometry.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1980

[Stapedius-reflex-audiometry by measuring the threshold for the re-inforcement of a pre-existing reflex (author's transl)].

The possibilities for predicting the pure tone threshold on the basis of the acoustic stapedius reflex threshold are improved by using two stimuli, e.g., white noise and pure tone, or two pure tones according to Sesterhenn and Breuninger. The principle of the monaural loudness summation with regard to the stapedius reflex was systematically examined with the aim to obtain the best suited range for clinical use with a double tone stimulus. The following procedure proved to be the most reliable one for an objective audiometry: A distinct reflex is produced by a basic pure tone of 4 kHz, 10 dB above its reflex threshold. The tone to be examined (1 kHz) was added with a delay of 0.5 s. A 1 kHz tone 28 dB below the reflex threshold (median) produced a clear re-inforcement of the basic reflex. Objective extrapolation possibilities from stapedius reflex threshold to pure tone threshold are thereby improved.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1994

Electric response audiometry and compensational noise-induced hearing loss.

With the current epidemic of compensation claims for occupational noise-induced hearing loss, the number of claimants in whom hearing test results do not reflect the true hearing status still inexorably increase. The incidence of a such cases with feigned hearing loss is reported at between 20 and 25 per cent of all patients being tested. Searching for any reliable indicators useful in uantifying a valid hearing thresholds the authors present their own experience with the electric response audiometry (ERA) by the use of the Amplaid MK 10 system a series of 56 malingerers. A suggested test protocol including the click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and the 40 Hz logon-evoked middle latency responses (MLR) is discussed as a promising method for determining a frequency-specific threshold.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Antibiotic treatment of secretory otitis media assessed by impedence audiometry.

Impedence audiometry was used to assess the response to treatment with antibiotics of children with secretory otitis media. Only ears with pressure at maximum compliance of less than --150mm water were included. There was a significant improvement with Bactrim, ampicillin and Vibramycin. There was no change without treatment and deterioration with penicillin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bisyllabic words for speech audiometry: a new italian material].

Bisyllabic words are the most frequently used italian speech material in evaluating intelligibility function. The italian words presently used are those proposed by Bocca and Pellegrini in 1950. The Lists of these words do, however, present some problems with regard to phonemic balance and word familiarity. In speech audiometry testing, Lists are considered interchangeable if each individual List has the same phonemic balance. So as to avoid incorrect identification due to incomprehension of infrequently used words, we chose 200 of the most familiar bisyllabic words from the most recent, widely used occurrence vocabulary of the Italian Language. Secondly, we proceeded with phonemic balance of the speech material. The selected words were divided into ten lists of 20 words each, arranged in order to obtain the best phonemic balance within each individual List and among different Lists. The differences between the new and old speech material are presented and discussed.

Audiometry, Speech↗