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PubMedDate not supplied

Echovirus 4 associated to hand, foot and mouth disease.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by vesicular palmoplantar eruptions and erosive stomatitis. Echovirus 4 (EV-4) has been commonly associated with aseptic meningitis. The association of HFMD with EV-4 has not been reported previously. Two samples of a 14-month child who presented mild fever, sores in the mouth, rash with blisters on the palm of hands and soles of feet were sent to Enteric Viruses Laboratory of Adolfo Lutz Institute. Clinical samples were inoculated in three different cell lines, and those which presented cytopathic effect (CPE), were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and "one step" RT-PCR. Agarose gel electrophoresis from RT-PCR product, showed a product with 437 bp, which is characteristic of Enterovirus group. Echovirus 4 was identified by IFA. Although HFMD is a viral infection associated mainly with Enterovirus 71 (HEV-71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), our results demonstrate a diversity of serotype related to HFMD and stress the importance of epidemiological surveillance to this disease and its complications.

Electrophoresis, Agar Gel↗
PubMed1983

Intramammary infections in primigravid heifers near parturition.

Mammary secretion from 32 primigravid heifers was obtained aseptically to determine frequency of bacterial isolation and incidence of intramammary infection near parturition. Quarter samples were collected 14 and 7 days prior to expected parturition, at parturition, and 7 and 14 days postparturition. Analysis of culture data indicated that 77.1% of samples were bacteriologically negative, and 15.7% contained coagulase negative staphylococci, 4.4% streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, 3.8% coliforms, .8% coagulase positive staphylococci, and .1% Corynebacterium bovis. Frequency of bacterial isolation was highest in samples obtained prior to and at parturition. Thirty-five of 128 quarters were infected at parturition. Twenty-six of the 35 infections were caused by coagulase negative staphylococci, 4 by streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, 4 by coliforms, and 1 by coagulase positive staphylococci. Twenty infections were observed during the early postpartum period. Coagulase negative staphylococcal infections decreased markedly. However, the number and type of primary pathogen infections during early lactation were similar to those at parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Sterility testing of a total nutrient admixture with a biphasic blood-culture system.

The ability of a biphasic blood-culture system to detect microbial contamination of a total nutrient admixture (TNA) was studied. A TNA consisting of amino acids, dextrose, lipid emulsion, electrolytes, and trace elements was prepared under aseptic conditions. Septi-Chek blood-culture bottles were then injected with a TNA sample and with one of various dilutions of five bacterial or fungal suspensions, and an agar slide unit was attached to each bottle. One bottle was injected only with a TNA sample. The bottles were incubated and examined once daily. Each bottle was inverted immediately after inoculation and at each observation time to allow the broth to wash over the agar slide unit. Because the lipid contained in the TNA caused the broth in all bottles to become turbid, it was impossible to determine whether microbial growth was present in the broth. Microbial growth, however, became evident in 24-72 hours on all slide units except the one attached to the bottle that had been injected only with TNA. The Septi-Chek biphasic blood-culture system appears to be useful in evaluating the sterility of TNAs.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

[Decrease of Leu7 positive cells in peripheral blood from patients with aseptic meningitis].

In order to clarify the role of natural killer cell in the central nervous system (CNS) infection, we examined Leu7 positive cells in peripheral blood of aseptic meningitis by flow cytometry. We studied 10 patients with aseptic meningitis (5 echo virus type 6 and 5 suspected viral meningitis). Also 3 patients with Japanese encephalitis, 3 with fungal meningitis, each one with bacterial meningitis, tuberculous meningitis and brainstem encephalitis were analyzed. Blood samples of acute phase and after recovery were obtained by the first examination on admission and the latest examination after normalization of cerebrospinal fluid findings, respectively. All aseptic meningitis patients showed decrease of Leu7 positive cells in acute phase (mean +/- SD = 6.8 +/- 3.12%, from 3 to 25 days of illness) and continued after recovery (8.3 +/- 4.27%, from 35 to 503 days of illness) in all but one. The number of the cells found in the aseptic meningitis patients during the acute phase and after recovery was significantly lower than in normal subjects (p less than 0.01). The change did not differ statistically between the acute phase and post recovery. The date suggest that decreased Leu7 positive cells is present before infection. As concerning other CNS infections, the positive cells decreased from acute phase to after recovery in two Japanese encephalitis and one tuberculous patients. But because of small number, it was not decided whether the decrease significantly was low value or not. Since natural killer cells is related to defence mechanism of viral infection in acute phase, it seems that low natural killer activity may develop the viral infection. Therefore the date raises the possibility that the people who has originally less the natural killer cells tend to be susceptible, as far as viral meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Preliminary evaluation of several disinfection/sterilization techniques for use with microdialysis probes.

This study evaluated the suitability of some disinfection and sterilization methods for use with microdialysis probes. Disinfection or sterilization should minimize the tissue inflammatory reaction and improve the long-term health of rats on study and ensure the quality of data obtained by microdialysis sampling. Furthermore, the treatment should not negatively impact probe integrity or sampling performance. The techniques chosen for evaluation included two disinfection methods (70% ethanol and a commercial contact lens solution) and two sterilization methods (hydrogen peroxide plasma, and e-beam radiation). Linear microdialysis probes treated by these processes were compared to untreated probes removed from the manufacturer's packaging as if sterile (the control group). The probes were aseptically implanted in the livers of rats and monitored for 72 hours. The parameters chosen to evaluate probe performance were relative sample mass recovery and the relative in vivo extraction efficiency of the probe for caffeine. Post mortem bacterial counts and histopathology examination of liver tissue were also conducted. The probes remained intact and functional for the entire study period. The methods tested did not acutely alter the probes although hydrogen peroxide plasma and contact lens solution groups showed reduced extraction efficiencies. Minimal tissue damage was observed surrounding the probes and acute inflammatory reaction was mild to moderate. Low numbers of bacterial colonies from the implantation sites indicates that the health of animals in this study was not impaired. This was also true for the control group (untreated probe).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Neurocysticercosis: a report of four cases.

Cysticercosis is an uncommon disease in Australia. Only 4 cases of neurocysticercosis were found in our hospital with an active neurosurgical service over a 10 yr period. All 4 cases were migrants, 3 from South America and one from Cyprus. Epilepsy, aseptic meningitis and raised intracranial pressure were the common symptoms. Although the cerebral lesions were seen on CT scans, misinterpretation of the X-ray appearances readily occurs and the diagnosis can only be confirmed by histopathological examination of tissues. The pathological features are described including electron microscopy of one case. The cysticercus has a unique ultrastructure which is most helpful in establishing the diagnosis in cases were tissue sample is small and light microscopy is difficult. Neurocysticercosis can masquerade as a glioma or other space occupying lesion or aseptic meningitis. This condition should be considered in obscure neurological syndromes in migrants from affected regions of the world.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Enteral feeding of glycyl-glutamine dipeptide improves the structure and absorptive function of the small intestine after allogenetic liver transplantation in rats.

BACKGROUND: Recipients of liver transplantation could have postoperative structural injury and declined absorptive function in the gastrointestinal tract. Glutamine (Gln) is a special nutrient of small intestinal mucosa and of various kinds of cells proliferating rapidly. But Gln could form a kind of poisonous pyroglutamic acid in water solution, which is the limitation of Gln in clinical practice. Glycyl-glutamine (Gly-Gln) is highly soluble and can be hydrolyzed to release glutamine. This study was undertaken to observe the effect of Gly-Gln dipeptide by enteral feeding on the intestinal structure and absorptive function after allogenetic liver transplantation in rats. METHODS: Twelve male inbred Lewis rats were selected randomly as donors, and 24 male inbred BN rats as recipients of allogenetic liver transplantation. The recipients were also randomly divided into two groups: control group (ALA group, n=12) and experimental group (GLN group, n=12). In each group, 6 normal BN rats were sampled as the normal parameter on the 3rd preoperative day. The 6 recipients in the control group received alanine 0.6 g/kg daily for 3 days before operation and 7 days after operation by gastric perfusion, and the 6 recipients in the experimental group were given Gly-Gln 0.6 g/kg daily the same way. The 12 BN recipients underwent 3-day fasting (free access to water with 0.23% sodium chloride) and orthotopic liver transplantation in aseptic conditions and were given subcutaneous injection of CsA 2 mg/kg daily after the operation. The 12 BN recipients were sampled on the 8th postoperative day. All of the 24 BN rats were subjected to examination of mucosal structure, activities of Na+-K+-ATP and disaccharidase, and D-xylose absorption test. RESULTS: The 12 BN recipients were alive after liver transplantation. On the 3rd preoperative day, mucosal structure, activities of Na+-K+-ATP and disaccharidase and D-xylose absorption in the two groups were not significantly different. On the 8th postoperative day, the parameters of the two groups were markedly changed compared with those on the 3rd preoperative day. However, the parameters of GLN group were remarkably higher than those of ALA group. CONCLUSION: Enteral feeding of Gly-Gln could improve the structure and absorptive function of the small intestine after liver transplantation in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Detection and identification of Toscana and other phleboviruses by RT-nested-PCR assays with degenerated primers.

Phleboviruses are a large and widespread group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods. Toscana virus is one of the principal agents that causes meningitis in humans during the summer in Italy and, possibly, in other Mediterranean countries. Rift Valley Fever virus can cause serious illness in both animals and humans, leading to high morbidity and mortality, and is considered to be a potential agent for epizootics and human epidemics. Since information on this group of viruses is still scant, reliable laboratory tools for diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance must be developed, in order to ascertain their real impact on Public Health. Sequence data obtained from Spanish isolates of Toscana virus and other phleboviruses confirmed that natural genome variability may hamper the diagnosis of these agents by molecular methods, so this must be borne in mind when developing reliable assays. In view of the above, a novel and useful protocol has been developed for the detection and specific identification of every member of the phlebovirus genus present in a sample, including Toscana virus, based on a generic RT-nested-PCR, followed by sequencing of the amplified fragment. A change in this method also allowed specific direct detection and identification of wild isolates of Toscana virus of different geographical origin, using newly designed primers. Testing clinical samples with these assays confirmed the role of Toscana virus as an agent that causes acute aseptic meningitis in the central region of Spain.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of tubercule antigen in cerebrospinal fluids by ELISA for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.

An Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was standardised to detect the presence of tubercule antigen in cerebrospinal fluids from patients with meningitis. CSF samples from clinically suspected cases of tuberculous meningitis, culture proven pyogenic meningitis and non-bacterial aseptic central nervous system (CNS) disorders were tested by ELISA to demonstrate its potential utility for routine diagnostic purpose. Tubercule antigen was detected in 73% cases of tuberculous meningitis and was absent in pyogenic and other non-bacterial CNS disorder cases. The test appears to be a promising approach for a definitive diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2005

In situ and in vitro colonization of Cathaya argyrophylla (Pinaceae) by ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Cathaya argyrophylla, a critically endangered conifer, is found to grow at four isolated areas located in subtropical mountains of China. To examine the involvement and usefulness of mycorrhizas for sustaining the population of this tree, we compared the root system, morphology, and structure of mycorrhizal roots of C. argyrophylla, which were collected from a natural stand and an artificial stand, each grown at a different location. More mycorrhizal roots were found for trees from an artificial stand. The presence of extramatrical mycelium, mantle, and Hartig net revealed that C. argyrophylla formed an ectomycorrhizal association in both sampling sites. Starch granules were found in mycorrhizal roots collected only from a natural stand. The aseptic synthesis of C. argyrophylla and Cenococcum geophilum was established for the first time in vitro. Typical ectomycorrhizas formed on seedlings on RM medium containing 0.1 g/l glucose, 5 weeks after inoculation. By light microscopy, the synthesized mycorrhizas showed a thin mantle from which emanated extramatrical hyphae and highly branched Hartig net. A simple, rapid, and convenient mycorrhiza synthesis system was developed, which facilitates further studies on ectomycorrhizal development of C. argyrophylla.

China↗
PubMed2006

Confirmation and prevention of intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation caused by methotrexate.

When intestinal barrier function is damaged bacterial translocation (BT) can occur. The injury to intestinal barrier function caused by chemotherapy has been investigated in some studies, however, definitive evidence of BT caused by chemotherapy is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate small intestinal barrier dysfunction and BT and to evaluate the preventive effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on intestinal barrier dysfunction and BT in a rat model of chemotherapy. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with methotrexate (MTX; 3.5 mg/kg) for 3 days to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction and BT, gavaged Escherichia coli TG1 labeled with green fluorescent protein for 2 days to track BT, and G-CSF (10 microg/kg) for 4 days to prevent intestinal barrier dysfunction and BT. Intestinal permeability was measured by the urinary excretion rate of lactulose and mannitol following administration by gavage. Representative tissue specimens from the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidney were aseptically harvested for bacteria culture in ampicillin-supplemented medium. Light microscopy was performed on intestinal samples. MTX induced significant mucosal and villous atrophy in ileum and significantly increased intestinal permeability. MTX also induced noticeable BT. G-CSF significantly increased the mucosal thickness and villous height of the ileum and decreased intestinal permeability and BT. In conclusion, MTX caused intestinal barrier dysfunction and BT, and G-CSF prevented intestinal barrier dysfunction and BT.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Experimental neonatal group B streptococcal pneumonia: effect of a modified porcine surfactant on bacterial proliferation in ventilated near-term rabbits.

We studied bacterial proliferation in relation to surfactant treatment in a model of neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) pneumonia. Surfactant (Curosurf) was isolated from pig lungs with a method preserving only polar lipids and hydrophobic proteins. Near-term rabbit fetuses were ventilated in a body plethysmograph system. At 15 min, a suspension of GBS strain 090 Ia LD (5 mL/kg, concentration approximately 10(9)/mL) was instilled intratracheally. At 30 min, surfactant (n = 12) or sterile saline (n = 13) was administered via the airways (2.5 mL/kg). A control group (n = 12) received the same volumes of saline. After 5 h the animals were killed, and samples for blood cultures and blood gases were taken from the heart. The left lung was aseptically removed, weighed, homogenized, serially diluted, and cultured on blood agar plates. The results were expressed as mean log10 colony forming units/g lung +/- SD. Compared with animals (n = 12) killed immediately after GBS instillation (8.13 +/- 0.54), there was a significant increase in bacterial numbers in both groups ventilated for 5 h, but values for surfactant-treated animals (8.96 +/- 0.38) were lower than those for animals receiving saline (9.46 +/- 0.50; p < 0.05). After 5 h, 96% of GBS-infected animals had positive blood cultures. Light microscopic examination of the right lung of GBS-infected animals revealed inflammatory changes that tended to be less prominent in surfactant-treated rabbits. We conclude that intratracheal inoculation of near-term rabbits with GBS resulted in a significant bacterial proliferation during 5 h of ventilation and that bacterial growth was mitigated by treatment with surfactant.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia associated with contamination of albuterol and nasal spray.

BACKGROUND: Species within the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) can contaminate medications and disinfectants and cause severe pneumonia in critically ill patients or persons with cystic fibrosis. In March 2004, we investigated a hospital outbreak of Bcc possibly associated with a contaminated nasal spray. METHODS: We conducted a matched case-control study, environmental sampling, and observations of infection control practices. Case patients had infection or colonization with Bcc, and control patients had sputum culture not yielding Bcc. Isolates from patients and environmental samples were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: Bcc was recovered from sputum in 18 patients. Compared with matched control patients (n = 18), case patients were more likely to be receiving mechanical ventilation (p = 0.01), to have been hospitalized > 6 days (p = 0.01), and to have received antimicrobial treatment within 7 days before sputum collection (p = 0.03). Bcc was cultured from opened, but not unopened, multidose albuterol bottles, a nebulizer attached to a ventilator, and opened and unopened nasal spray bottles from contaminated lots. PFGE showed that isolates from albuterol samples and from patients were indistinguishable but unrelated to the nasal spray strain. Observations revealed improper aseptic techniques during respiratory therapy procedures and inadequate nebulizer cleaning. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a temporal association with use of a contaminated nasal spray, this outbreak was caused by extrinsic contamination of multidose albuterol used for nebulization treatments and lack of adherence to infection control precautions. Implementation and re-enforcement of infection control measures successfully terminated the outbreak.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2005

Comparative analysis of mycobacterial infections in wild striped bass Morone saxatilis from Chesapeake Bay.

During an ongoing epizootic of mycobacteriosis, wild striped bass Morone saxatilis from Chesapeake Bay were analyzed using 3 methods for detection of either mycobacterial infection or associated granulomatous pathology. The specific detection techniques, which utilized aseptically collected splenic tissue, were histology, quantitative culture and nested PCR. Based on analysis of 118 samples, detection of infection differed significantly between the 3 methods (chi-square, p = 0.0007). Quantitative culture and nested PCR detected similar, higher rates of infection (69 and 75%, respectively) than the histological method (52%). Although primary PCR assays for a 924 to 940 bp segment of the mycobacterial 16S rRNA gene were positive for genomic DNA from mycobacterial cultures, a secondary, nested PCR reaction for an internal 300 bp gene segment was required in order to detect mycobacteria within splenic tissue. A similar rate of mycobacterial infection was present in fish collected from all sites tested. Although all detection methods found that striped bass age 4.0 to 4.9 yr had the highest positive incidence, nested PCR detected a higher frequency of mycobacterial infection in fish > or = 6.0 yr of age than the other 2 methods. Quantitative bacteriology was a more sensitive detection technique when the fish tissue contained < or = 10(3) mycobacteria g(-1).

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Acute human parvovirus B-19 infection in hospitalized children: A serologic and molecular survey.

BACKGROUND: The extent and clinical manifestations of acute human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection were assessed in previously healthy hospitalized children admitted with clinical syndromes potentially associated the virus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was prospective and was conducted between October 2002 and August 2004 in the pediatric departments of 3 hospitals in Israel. The survey included previously healthy children who were hospitalized with 1 or more of the following acute diseases: acute nonallergic exanthema, fever for >1 week, aplastic anemia or pancytopenia, acute nonbacterial arthropathy, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and aseptic meningitis. A control group of children with a proven, non-B19 infection was also studied. Serum samples obtained from each child on admission were tested for B19 DNA by real-time PCR and B19 IgM by ELISA. Acute B19 infection was defined by the following criteria: positive serum B19-DNA and/or B19 IgM, negative serum B19 IgG, and no other proven infection. RESULTS: Overall, 167 children were included in the study. The mean age was 5.5 +/- 4.6 years (range, 0.5-17), males and females equally divided. Acute B19 infection was demonstrated in 12.6% (n = 21) of the children. Both tests were performed in 19 children and were positive in 10 (53%). In 7 and 2 children, only B19-DNA or B19 IgM, respectively, was positive. Acute B19 infection was documented in 27% (10/39) of children who presented with a variety of acute exanthema diseases; 9% (5/57) of children with acute arthropathy (all 5 had transient synovitis); 10% (2/21) of children with fever >1 week, both presented as mononucleosis syndrome; and in 44% (4/9) of children with transient pancytopenia or aplastic anemia. No acute B19 infection was demonstrated in 15 children with ITP, 9 with HSP, and 6 with aseptic meningitis and among 70 children in the control group. By logistic regression analysis, manifestations significantly associated with acute B19 infection were exanthema (OR 2.9; 95% CI = 1.1-7.5), anemia (OR 6.35; 95% CI = 2.2-18.2) and leucopenia (OR 4.14; 95% CI =1.2-14.2). CONCLUSIONS: Acute B19 infection was documented among 12.6% of children hospitalized with clinical syndrome potentially associated with the virus. Clinical and laboratory features associated with acute B19 infection were exanthema, anemia and leucopenia. Determination of both serum B19-DNA and serum B19 IgM should be performed for the accurate diagnosis of acute B19 infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Production of interleukin-10 in the cerebrospinal fluid in aseptic meningitis of children.

IL-10 is a cytokine that has antiinflammatory properties. We investigated IL-10 using ELISA and a reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with or without aseptic meningitis. When the patients with aseptic meningitis had meningeal symptoms, IL-10 in the CSF was detectable in 14 of 22 patients (88 +/- 146 ng/L, n = 31). The IL-10 levels decreased as meningeal symptoms disappeared. In 20 of 21 control children without meningitis, CSF samples had no detectable levels of IL-10 (< 10 ng/L). Serum IL-10 levels were lower than the corresponding levels in the CSF from the same individuals with aseptic meningitis. Significant correlations were found between IL-10 levels and mononuclear cell counts in the CSF of the affected patients (r = 0.644, p < 0.001). The IL-10 mRNA was detected by reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction-assisted amplification in the CSF cells in four of seven patients with the disease. The culture of CSF mononuclear cells produced high levels of IL-10 (152-485 ng/L) in all of five patients. Cytokine kinetics in the CSF showed that mean IL-10 levels reached the peak on the 2nd to 3rd d of the illness, although all mean levels of IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were the highest on the 1st d of the illness. In summary, IL-10 is produced in the CSF in aseptic meningitis, and may increase relatively late compared with the proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 may play an immunoregulatory role in the meningeal inflammatory network.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Detection of Bacillus cereus on selected retail chicken products.

Samples from five chicken meat products, obtained at retail stores, were evaluated for the presence of Bacillus cereus. The products tested were as follows: breaded, fully cooked, frozen nuggets (NUGGETS); breaded, fully cooked, frozen tenders (TENDERS); fully cooked, frozen, white-meat fajita-style strips (STRIPS); raw, refrigerated, boneless, skinless, marinated breast fillets (FILLETS); and raw, refrigerated, cut-up, tray-pack bone-in parts (PARTS), either split breasts or thighs. Four packages of each item were obtained on three different days (n = 60). Frozen and refrigerated products were held overnight in their respective environments as appropriate; then packages were opened aseptically, and a total of 25 g of tissue was excised from multiple pieces within a package. The 25-g samples were enriched in 225 ml of Trypticase soy-polymixin broth for 18 to 24 h at 30 degrees C and then plated on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar and incubated for 18 to 24 h at 30 degrees C. Colonies characteristic of B. cereus were chosen and replated for isolation on mannitol-egg yolk-polymixin agar. Suspect colonies were confirmed as Bacillus spp. by Gram stain, hemolysis on blood agar, and a biochemical test strip. Isolates were further confirmed as B. cereus using Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures, including tests for motility, rhizoid growth, hemolysis, and protein toxin crystal production. B. cereus was detected in 27 of 60 total samples. By product, the prevalence levels were as follows: NUGGETS, 11 of 12 positive; TENDERS, 8 of 12 positive; STRIPS, 6 of 12 positive; FILLETS, 0 of 12 positive; and PARTS, 2 of 12 positive. Isolates were tested by PCR for presence of the toxin-encoding genes bceT, nheABC, hblACD, and cytK. Results indicate that B. cereus organisms were present on four of the five retail poultry products tested in this study, with the highest rates reported for the three fully cooked items, especially the two breaded products. All strains isolated contained the gene(s) for at least one of the toxins, although none of the strains contained the cytK gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ascending contamination of a jejunostomy feeding reservoir.

In general bacterial contamination of enteral feeding solutions is considered to be exogenous in origin. However, during feeding through catheter jejunostomy another source of contamination seems possible. We describe a patient in whom bacterial contamination of the feeding solution given through a catheter jejunostomy occurred frequently. Microbiological evaluation of several feeding samples showed that with this particular type of catheter enterostomy contamination was dual in origin. A not aseptic manipulation of the feed prior to administration led only to slight contamination. Most of the contamination however was endogenous--ie. ascending from the gut of the patient. In contrast to some previous studies, no clinical or laboratory deterioration could be observed in relation to the contamination. The food value of the feed expressed as the glucose concentration was significantly reduced after contamination with the causative organisms.

Journal Article↗