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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Repair of hard cleft palate with absorbable membranes made by poly-DL-lactic acid: a feasibility study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and clinical results of applying poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA) biomembranes in cleft palate repair. METHODS: 68 cleft palate patients were divided into study group and control group. The traditional surgical method was used to control group to close the soft cleft palate, and the PDLLA biomembrane was used to study group and implanted into the surgical gap between the periosteum and bone at the hard palate, and fixed with suture. The duration, blood loss at operation, post-operative complication, wound healing and recovery were recorded and compared to conventional cleft palate repair. RESULTS: Operations were successfully completed on all 34 patients. Wound healing of soft palate and uvula was uneventful with no incidence of fistula or dehiscence. The primary healing on tissue defect of hard palate occurred in 29 patients, secondary healing occurred in 3 patients, permanent fistula between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity occurred in only one patients, and 3 patients left over fistula on alveolar process. Compared to traditional cleft palate repair, blood loss and incidence of fistula on alveolar process were decreased; the average surgical time was 89.25 minutes and was not prolonged; and there was no significant increase in post-operative complication. CONCLUSION: Hard cleft palate repair with PDLLA biomembranes is safe, simple and practical with good clinical results and is beneficial to minimize the bad influences towards the development and growth for maxilla of cleft palate patients.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1987

Long-term results after secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts.

The aim of this study was longitudinally to evaluate the treatment results after secondary bone grafting in 224 cleft patients with an observation period of more than four years. The patients were divided into three groups according to age and eruption stage of the canine at the time of surgery. Group A included 94 patients with a mean age of 10 years, operated before eruption of the canine; group B included 72 patients with a mean age of 13.1 years operated after eruption of the canine; and group C included 58 patients operated after the age of 16 years (mean age, 20.4 years). The evaluation of the treatment results included longitudinal comparison of marginal bone level, periodontal status on cleft-related teeth, dental status in the bone grafted region, esthetical and functional properties of the reconstructed alveolar process, as well as the influence on growth of the maxilla. The marginal bone level was found to be significantly higher among unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients in the youngest groups as compared to the other groups. The number of UCLP and BCLP patients who could be treated without bridgework was significantly higher in the youngest age group than in the other groups, as were the esthetic and functional properties of the reconstructed alveolar process. External root resorption occurred in 17 patients in groups B and C. No influence of the procedure on sagittal growth of the maxilla could be demonstrated, whereas the anterior facial height was reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Mechanical reactions of facial skeleton to maxillary expansion determined by laser holography.

The highly accurate laser holographic interferometry method was used to determine in what way low-magnitude forces during slow maxillary expansion are transmitted to the entire maxillary complex and its surrounding structures. The experiments were carried out on a macerated human skull which had a perfectly preserved, normally aligned maxillary dental arch and intact alveolar processes. The soft palatal and periodontal tissues were reconstructed with a semielastic material. The specimen was loaded gradually by widening of a split acrylic appliance with an expansion screw. Interferograms were taken simultaneously on the left and right sides of the maxillary complex, using the 10 mV He-Ne laser and the double-exposure method. Analysis of the fringe pattern on the recorded object surface was performed by graphically determining the deformation curves related to the bony surface in selected horizontal and vertical planes. Experimental results show that the application of laterally directed forces from the maxillary expansion appliance induced initial mechanical reactions of the entire maxilla, the circummaxillary sutures, and the surrounding bones. Each increase in dental arch width was obtained not only by the deformation of the alveolar process with dental tipping but also by the rotation of the entire maxilla within its sutures around horizontal and vertical axes. Moreover, displacement of the surrounding maxillary structures (pterygoid processes, zygomatic, lacrimal, and nasal bones) was detected in response to the rotational movement of the maxilla.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Maxillofacial morphology and masseter muscle thickness in adults.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the thickness of the masseter muscle relates to the maxillofacial morphology, including the thickness of alveolar process in the mandibular incisor region, and the thickness of the mandibular symphysis. The subjects consisted of 80 adult male volunteers (mean age: 23 years 8 months). The relationship between masseter muscle thickness and the maxillofacial skeleton was investigated by measuring the former by ultrasonography and the latter by roentgenographic cephalometry. The data were initially analysed using a multiple regression analysis. Thereafter, correlation coefficients were obtained by a simple regression analysis. The following results were found: 1. The thickness of the masseter muscle (mean +/- SD) was 15.8 +/- 3.0 mm in the relaxed state and 16.7 +/- 2.7 mm at maximal clenching. 2. Masseter muscle thickness was negatively correlated with the mandibular plane angle. 3. Masseter muscle thickness was positively correlated with the mandibular ramus height (Cd-Go), and the thickness of the alveolar process and that of the mandibular symphysis. It is therefore suggested that masticatory function influences the morphology of the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of ascorbic acid on protein synthesis and collagen hydroxylation in continuous flow organ cultures of adult mouse periodontal tissues.

A continuous flow organ culture system (CFCS) was used to determine the effect of ascorbic acid on the synthesis of collagen and noncollagenous protein by bone of the alveolar process and periodontal ligament in organ cultures of adult mouse periodontium. For the last 24 h of 2 day cultures, 5 microCi/ml 3H-proline was added to the medium. Highly purified collagenase was used to separate the collagenous and noncollagenous proteins and the incorporation of isotope into each fraction measured. Collage synthesized in the presence of less than 10 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid was found to be highly under-hydroxylated (pro:hypro ap. acts. 2.3-3.1) in both tissues. When the ascorbic acid levels were between 25 and 100 micrograms/ml, the synthesis of collagenous proteins was selectively stimulated and hydroxylation significantly improved (pro:hypro sp. acts 1.72-1.89). The effect of ascorbic acid was not related to tissue viability since tissues cultured initially in the absence of ascorbic acid were able to recover completely when compared to controls given ascorbic acid continuously. The proportion of radioactivity in collagen and noncollagenous protein, collagen hydroxylation, and percentage of collagen synthesized as type III (av.23%) in bone of the alveolar process was similar to that found in vivo. However, in the periodontal ligament in vitro the proportion of noncollagenous protein synthesized was increased from 70% to 87% and the percentage of type III collagen increased from 14% to 26% compared to in vivo results.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1992

Composite grafting of the maxillary sinus for placement of endosteal implants. A preliminary report of 48 patients.

The maxillary sinuses in 48 patients were grafted with dense, non-resorbable hydroxylapatite (HA) particles combined with autologous, cancellous bone. After 3 months of healing, HA-coated titanium endosteal implants were placed in the maxilla, and following an additional 3-5 month healing period, the dentitions were restored with various prostheses. Of the 267 maxillary implants placed, 18 (6.4%) failed. Thirteen (6.4%) of the 203 implants placed in the grafted floor of the sinus failed, and 5 (7.8%) of the 64 implants placed in the anterior maxilla failed. Simultaneous lateral and anterior onlay grafting of the alveolar process with the same composite graft material was required in 36 (75%) patients because the width of the alveolar process was considered insufficient for placement of endosseous implants. The mean follow-up period was 17 months (range 12-32). Results from this preliminary study indicate that composite grafting of the maxillary sinus with onlay grafting of the alveolar ridge will provide the bony structure necessary for placement of endosseous implants. Further follow-up of these patients is necessary to determine the long-term stability of this technique; however, these results are promising.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Treatment of an ankylosed central incisor by single tooth dento-osseous osteotomy and a simple distraction device.

When teeth are replanted after being avulsed, the repair process sometimes results in ankylosis. In a growing child, the ankylosed tooth fails to move along with the remaining alveolar process during vertical growth, resulting in a tooth that gradually appears more and more impacted and requires several reconstructive procedures to correct. Ankylosed teeth can, however, serve as anchorage for orthodontic correction of a malocclusion and as a point of force application for a dentoalveolar segment during alveolar distraction osteogenesis. This case report describes the treatment of a 13-year-old girl whose maxillary left central incisor had been avulsed and replanted 5 years earlier. The tooth had become ankylosed, and it was used to provide "free anchorage" during distalization of the maxillary dentition. The underdeveloped alveolar process adjacent to the ankylosed tooth was reconstructed by dento-osseous segment distraction osteogenesis, by using the ankylosed tooth as the point of force application.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Occlusal forces and mandibular bone strain: is the primate jaw "overdesigned"?

Finite element modelling of the function of the periodontium and surrounding alveolar bone suggests these tissues are subjected to unusually large strains in comparison with the bone of the basal mandibular corpus. These studies, in addition to certain experimental investigations, have led to the suggestion that the strains experienced in the basal mandibular corpus are not functionally important. Under this view, size and shape of the basal corpus are not functionally linked to masticatory forces. Since previous comparative investigations have been premised on the assumption that masticatory strains in the basal corpus are functionally important, the assertion that masticatory stresses are concentrated primarily in the alveolar process undermines the credibility of this body of work. The hypothesis that the biomechanical effects of masticatory forces are localized in the alveolar process can be evaluated by reference to a number of bone strain investigations, as well as through consideration of current understanding of bone biology and behavior. Experimental studies indicate that the effects of occlusal forces during mastication are quite apparent in alveolar bone, although relatively large strains are also observed in regions well-removed from a loaded alveolus. It is also apparent that both alveolar and basal mandibular bone are subject to bending and twisting strains associated not only with occlusal forces, but also with muscular and condylar reaction forces. The result is that strain levels in alveolar vs. basal bone may be roughly similar, in contradiction to some published theoretical models. Based on empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, it is premature to conclude that mandibular corpus size and shape are not functionally linked to the biomechanics of chewing and biting.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pattern recognition in radiographs of excised air-inflated human lungs. IV Emphysema alone and with other common lesions.

To evaluate at autopsy the radiographic pattern of emphysema alone and with alveolar oedema, haemorrhage or pneumonia in excised air-inflated lungs the distribution of these findings in 89 lungs was determined histologically on 441 sections sampled systematically. Pathologic-radiologic correlations were studied on the basis of 58 sections from 30 lung selected to represent most clearly the features in question. In mild centrilobular emphysema (CLE) the number and calibre of small blood vessels was often reduced. Small translucencies could appear. In moderate CLE vascular changes were always visible and unevenly distributed translucencies in most cases. Some lungs looked slightly rounded. In severe CLE the number of blood vessels was greatly reduced, they were displayed between extensive tissue defects, and the lung looked always rounded. Only mild panlobular emphysema occurred in the material. This was difficult to distinguish radiologically but could show up as a coarse reticular background with a reduced number of blood vessels, and the lung could look rounded. Paracicatricial emphysema appeared as translucent areas around scars. Simultaneous alveolar processes often obscured the blood vessel changes of CLE and could accentuate or hide the tissue defect translucencies. The same alveolar processes were more unevenly distributed in emphysematous than in non-emphysematous lungs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cell-mediated and humoral alloimmunreactions after subperiostal implantation of allogenic demineralized dentin in humans.

13 patients suffering from local atrophy or loss of the alveolar process of the jaws were treated by subperiosteal implantation of allogenous, decalcified, sterilized dentin with the purpose of augmentation of the alveolar process. All patients, including 9 donors of dentin were ABO-, Rh-, and HLA tissue typed. Anti-donor cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral-mediated immunity (HMI) of the patients were monitored during the first 6 postoperative months. The CMI and HMI were assessed by means of the leucocyte migration test (LMT) and the complement dependent microlymphocytotoxicity test (CDC) with donor leucocytes as antigen and target cells, respectively. Compared to 66 normal non-transplanted controls, the leucocyte migration inhibition against desintegrated donor leucocytes as antigen was significantly increased for 2 of the recipients during the control period. 1 of these recipients showed a simultaneous HMI reaction 6 weeks after implantation. The remaining CMI and HMI values of the recipients were within normal range. These results were not correlated with the histocompatibility match grades of the donor recipient pairs. The present investigation supports the suggestion that implantation of allogenous, decalcified and sterilized dentin occasionally is capable of eliciting a measurable alloimmune response.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alveolar reconstruction with splitting osteotomy and microfixation of implants.

This report describes a surgical technique for reconstruction of the buccolingually reduced alveolar process. The technique involves the preparation of an artificial socket with immediate implant placement, which reduces total treatment time compared with two-stage procedures. Alveolar preparation comprises lamellar cortical splitting of the alveolus, interlamellar implant placement, and primary stabilization based on a microfixation technique. It was used for a wide range of indications involving single and multiple alveoli related to the partially dentate and the edentulous alveolar process. The results of 24 Branemark standard implants and 97 ITI implants with 44 consecutively treated patients have been reviewed with a mean observation time of 34.3 months (range 6 to 68 months). The main indicator for alveolar reconstruction was the narrow anterior maxillary arch. The 5-year cumulated success rate was 86.2%. Twelve implants failed during the observation period. The mean marginal bone loss was 1.7 mm (range 0 to 7.5 mm). There was a low infection rate compared with membrane-based GTR techniques. Treatment costs were low as a result of shorter treatment time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Case report: B-cell lymphoma of the maxillary sinus.

The radiographic manifestation of malignant lesions of the maxillary sinus on dental radiographs may be nonspecific, making it difficult to differentiate the lesion from disease of odontogenic origin or more benign sinus pathoses. A radiopaque mass in the maxillary sinus, resulting from a malignant neoplasm growing within or extending into the sinus, can be easily confused with the mass of a mucous retention pseudocyst. Similarly, a malignant growth in the early stages of development can produce radiographic patterns in the alveolar process that may resemble inflammation of odontogenic origin. A case of B-cell lymphoma is reported. The lesion involved the maxillary alveolar process and sinus, producing such a radiographic pattern on the panoramic radiograph. Radiographic and clinical features that should be considered in establishing a differential diagnosis of malignant disease are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Use of cancellous bone and periosteal transplants in primary and secondary cleft palate during a change in dentition].

A group of patients that was selected jointly with orthodontists consisted of 25 subjects, aged 8-16 years, having undergone operation for the cleft of primary and secondary palate, with left jaw defect. The patients had correct bites with good cure prognosis. Cancellous bone and periosteal flap taken from the wing-like portion of ilium were grafted into their jaw defects. After 1 year the alveolar process continuity was obtained in 23 patients (92%) and in the remaining ones the resorption of the graft was recorded. Reconstruction of the alveolar process was visible in radiographs, and eruption of canine tooth through the graft was evidenced in 40% of cases. No satisfactory results were obtained as regards the closure of naso-palatine fistula and the total underpadding of the alar base.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in the periodontium in prolonged hypodynamia and the use of biphosphanates and silatrane for the purpose of their prevention].

Forty-day hypodynamia caused by "hanging" rats on a special stand with discontinuance of the status function of the hind limbs and partial maintenance of the supporting function of the front limbs led to progressive atrophic changes in the alveolar process of the animals' jaws, which were accompanied by changes of the mineral phase manifested by diminished parameter of microfirmness. Atrophy of the alveolar process in hypodynamia was attended by marked tissue changes in the form of dentogingival pockets, widening of the periodontal fissure, and intensified resorption of the interradicular and interalveolar septa of the molars.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of alveolar bone grafting on maxillary growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

This cephalometric study reports the extent to which maxillary growth may be impaired by grafting of alveolar bone during the period of mixed dentition. The analysis is confined to subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The craniofacial dimensions of a group of 28 children who underwent grafting before the age of 12 years were compared by t-test to those of a nongrafted group (N = 30) at 9 and 16 years of age. In addition, two multiple-regression analyses were performed, the second on a group of 70 subjects with UCLP who received a bone graft between the ages of 8 and 15 years. The principal finding was that bone grafting, even when performed on those as young as 8 or 9 years, had no adverse effect on anteroposterior or vertical maxillary growth. This may be attributable to postponement of grafting until most anteroposterior and transverse growth of the anterior maxilla had ceased and to the grafted tissue's ability to participate in the vertical development of the alveolar process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Median cleft of the lower lip and mandible: case reports, a new embryologic hypothesis, and subdivision.

Median clefts of the lower lip and mandible are rare. In the literature so far, about 62 cases have been described. In addition, three more patients are presented here. These cases show a broad variation in the severity of this deformity, ranging from a simple notch in the vermillion to a complete cleft of the lip involving the tongue, the chin, the mandible, the supporting structures of the median of the neck, and the manubrium sterni. Several hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of median clefts of the lip and mandible have been proposed. Most authors consider it to be a failure of fusion of the first pair of branchial arches or failure of mesodermal penetration into the midline. From our embryologic point of view, however, instead of paired branchial arches, only one first branchial arch develops during the early embryonic period (< or = 17 mm crown-rump length). Within this first branchial arch, two mandibular processes grow out, separated by a groove in the median. These mandibular processes do not fuse but merge during the late embryonic period (> or = 17 mm to < or = 60 mm crown-rump length). In the same developmental period, there is formation of the lip and the alveolar process and the anlage and outgrowth of one membrane bone center in each mandibular process, resulting in the formation of the mandible with its symphysis. As a consequence of the preceding, we propose the following subdivision of the median clefts of the lip and/or mandible: Hypoplasia of the mandibular processes during the early embryonic period will lead to the severest cleft of the mandible extending into the neck. During the late embryonic period, the less severe median clefts will develop. Disturbances of the outgrowth of bone centers of the mandible, resulting in nonformation of its symphysis, cause clefting of the mandible with involvement of all related soft tissues. Defects in the merging process produce just a notch of the vermilion or a higher cleft of the lower lip with or without involvement of the alveolar process of the mandible. In conclusion, the variety of the clefts in the median of the lower lip and/or mandible as well as the low rate of incidence can be explained by the embryologic hypothesis proposed here.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Access to the rat mandibular molars: a facial surgical approach.

A surgical technique enabling convenient access to the rat molars and their supporting tissues is described. The masseter, the body of the mandible and the alveolar process supporting the molars are exposed via a skin incision, parallel to and immediately in front of the anterior border of the masseter. Denudation of the alveolar process from attached soft tissues permits easy and accurate access to the periodontium of the molars; moreover, separation of the gingival attachment from the tooth cervix exposes the oral cavity and permits convenient and accurate access to the molars. Post-surgical healing is uneventful. The method is easy and convenient, and should prove useful for experimental studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Temporomandibular joint and dental imaging.

CT scanning of the jaws with cross-sectional images perpendicular to the curvature of the alveolar processes can be used to facilitate surgical planning for placement of dental implants. After ruling out pathologic changes, the radiographic evaluation concentrates on the dimensions of the alveolar processes relative to adjacent structures.

Dental Implants↗