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PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of lithium oxybutyrate on the development of the fetus and progeny in alcoholic intoxication of male rats].

The effect of lithium hydroxybutyrate on the development of the fetus and offsprings was studied on a model of alcohol intoxication of male rats. Under such conditions lithium hydroxybutyrate relieved completely the negative action of alcohol on the reproductive function, according to all parameters. The learning ability of the offsprings and their behavioral disorders in a stress situation caused by alcohol were normalized. Two-week administration of 100 mg/kg lithium hydroxybutyrate had no negative effect on the embryonal and postnatal development of the offsprings.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

[Ultrastructure of the human heart sinus node in alcoholic cardiomyopathy under acute alcohol intoxication and without it].

An electron-microscopic study of the sinus nodes (SN) was conducted in the hearts of 8 males aged 32-60 who had suddenly died of alcoholic cardiomyopathy in the background of acute alcohol intoxication (4 cases) or without it (4 cases). The hearts of matched-for-age 7 males and 1 female whose cause of sudden death was other than cardiac served as control. It appeared that all the components of the sinus nodes from hearts of the study group underwent chronic or acute destructive changes. The latter were seen both in dark and clear SN conducting myocytes. There were also defects in neurohumoral regulation of the myocytic function due to nervous and microcirculatory SN disturbances. SN connective tissue was affected too. Relevance of the elicited SN changes to cardiac rhythm derangement and to the mechanism of sudden cardiac death is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Aspects of psychotherapy in diabetes mellitus with accompanying alcoholic intoxication].

120 patients with different types of diabetes mellitus were divided into groups by the presence and intensity of accompanying alcoholic intoxication: group 1--no alcohol intake; group 2--rare alcohol intake; group 3--moderate alcohol intake; group 4--alcoholic abuse. Experimental psychological methods were used together with psychotherapeutic approaches: Wiesbaden's questionnaire (WIPPF), Lusher's and MMPI tests. For each group of the patients some recommendations are given for application of the above techniques. Thus in patients from the 1-3 groups it is worthwhile to perform a positive psychotherapy directed to the development of the body/sensation sphere (according to WIPPF), that is a care about physical and mental state (including autotraining and training of communication). In the alcohol abusing patients the main point should be fantasy/future sphere (according to WIPPF) in the ranges of the same positive psychotherapy directed to forming positive world view and correction of the interpersonal relations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Formation of phosphatidylethanol in alcoholic intoxication].

Phospholipid composition was studied in membranes of various tissues as well as of mitochondria and erythrocytes of rats with alcohol intoxication. A new phospholipid--phosphatidyl ethanol, which was absent in tissues of control animals, was detected in liver, heart, kidney, small intestine tissues as well as in erythrocytes and liver mitochondria of rats consuming ethanol independently on the alcohol administration procedure used. Studies of rat liver mitochondria and mitochondrial "ghosts" showed that formation of phosphatidyl ethanol and phosphatidic acid was catalyzed by membranal endogenous phospholipase D. Phosphatidyl ethanol appears to be of importance in membranotropic effect of ethanol--one of main factors participating in alcohol pathology development. This phospholipid was found also in erythrocytes and blood of patients with chronic alcoholism, which were subjected to alcohol provocation before examination. In erythrocytes of the other group of patients with chronic alcoholism, not provocated with alcohol, the phosphatidyl ethanol fraction was not found but content of phosphatidyl ethanolamine was distinctly increased. In patients with delirium tremens phosphatidyl ethanol was not observed, content of phosphatidyl ethanolamine was not increased, while amount of phosphatidic acid was considerably elevated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of acute alcoholic intoxication on myocardial electrolyte and water distributions.

Myocardial electrolyte distributions and sarcolemmal permeability in vivo were compared among control, acutely alcoholic, and recovery groups of rats. Rats in the alcoholic group received an intraperitoneal dose of 56 ml 12.5% ethanol per kg rat over a 5-h period. One hour after receiving the last injection of ethanol, blood was withdrawn from the right atrium and the heart excised. Rats in the recovery group had one day to recover from the alcohol treatment. Control rats were injected with n-saline instead of ethanol. Myocardial extracellular space was assessed by morphometric and tracer techniques. Results indicate that myocardial water content increases during acute alcoholic intoxication and this increase is restricted to the extracellular space. The nominal cellular concentration of potassium increased nearly 10% while that of sodium fell by nearly one-third. Plasma concentration of magnesium increased markedly (36%) and that of calcium fell slightly (5%). The results suggest that the myocardial sarcolemma is not rendered leaky by acute ethanol intoxication even several days after binge drinking, when the skeletal muscle cell sarcolemma appears to become slightly more permeable.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1977

Some biochemical aspects of chronic alcohol intoxication.

Pathways of ethanol transformation and its respective metabolic disorders in the cell have been considered. One should note the role of acetaldehyde in the ethanol toxic effect. Acetaldehyde produces a significant effect upon the metabolism of biogenic amines in brain tissue. Chronic alcohol intoxication at a certain stage is connected with a considerable reduction in the ratio of alcohol dehydrogenase:acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (this ratio determines the severity of clinical signs in intoxication). The inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity is an enzymological base of hallucinations and delirium tremens. The importance of the protective role of nutrition at chronic alcohol intoxication is shown.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1981

The mechanism of the antagonism by naloxone of acute alcohol intoxication.

Naloxone lowers blood-ethanol concentration and causes a simultaneous reversal of the disturbances in the redox states of the hepatic nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) couples in acutely-ethanol-intoxicated rats. It is suggested that these effects of naloxone form the basis of its antagonism of acute alcohol intoxication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Effects of alcohol intoxication on social inferences.

The theory of "alcohol myopia" (C. M. Steele & R. A. Josephs, 1990) suggests that an intoxicated person is disproportionately influenced by immediate, superficial aspects of experience and that effortful, controlled cognitive processing is impaired. The present research examined the effects of alcohol intoxication on social inferences, which refer to perceived reasons, causes, and explanations of events. When asked to focus on the dispositions of others, intoxicated participants tended to exaggerate the extent to which dispositions were influencing behaviors. When asked to focus on the situational conditions in which a behavior took place, intoxicated participants tended to exaggerate the importance of situational influences. The results are consistent with both recent models of social inference and the theory of alcohol myopia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of alcoholic intoxication in female rats on the functioning of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal cortex system of their progeny].

Administration of alcohol (20% ethanol) to female rats for the whole pregnancy leads to activation in the progeny of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical system (GPACS). This manifests in an increase in corticoliberin production by neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus, secretion of ACTH by the pituitary, and high production of corticosteroids by the adrenals. Activation of the GPACS which is demonstrable in fetuses and in young rats aged 1-3 days and 1 and 3 months is replaced by this system inhibition by the age of 6 months. Therefore, alcoholic intoxication of the mother's body has a toxic effect on all the components of the GPACS (production of corticoliberin and ACTH, corticosteroid function of the adrenals).

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1992

The effects of alcohol intoxication on the initial treatment and hospital course of patients with acute brain injury.

The effect of alcohol intoxication at the time of injury on hospital outcome was evaluated in 520 adult patients diagnosed with brain injury who were admitted to the emergency department of Harborview Medical Center. Data were collected for each subject's status from field intervention through hospitalization. Serum alcohol levels were measured from blood drawn in the emergency room, and the subjects were stratified into two groups: intoxicated (> or = 100 mg/dL, n = 191) and nonintoxicated (< 100 mg/dL, n = 329). Compared with subjects who were not intoxicated, intoxicated patients were more likely to be intubated in the field or emergency department (relative risk [RR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-1.5), require placement of an intracranial pressure bolt (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.8), develop respiratory distress requiring ventilatory assistance during hospitalization (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-3.3), or develop pneumonia (RR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.9-2.2). The similarities in the clinical presentation of patients with acute brain injury and those who are intoxicated appear to influence prehospital care and also suggest that a more objective assessment of cerebral injury than provided by clinical diagnostic measures alone is required, thus accounting for the elevated likelihood of intracranial pressure monitoring in intoxicated trauma patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of mouse genotype on responses of central biogenic amines to alcohol intoxication and aging.

Dopamine and serotonin responses to various periods of alcohol treatment have been followed in striatum and hippocampus of two inbred strains of mice and related to the effect of aging. A striking strain dependency was noted for chronic alcohol effects and also for senescence. For both neurotransmitters studied the C57Bl strain loses tolerance to prolonged alcohol injury earlier than the Balb/c strain. This loss of tolerance accompanying aging may be indicative of more widespread changes in CNS adaptability in this strain. The unequal capacity to adapt also appears to depend on the nervous structure and the neurotransmitter considered. Alcohol and aging induced changes are not identical. In a given mouse strain, significant effects of either drug or aging induced disturbances are noted. A similar molecular process could operate in both aging and alcohol abuse, but the neurochemical effect might depend on the nervous structure or neurotransmitter involved. Such a phenomenon may be the basis of differences in behavioral changes observed in alcoholics.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Expectancy and tolerance: a study of acute alcohol intoxication using the balanced placebo design.

Interactive effects of expectancy and alcohol dose on CNS functioning were examined in subjects differing in degree of dependence on alcohol, using the balanced placebo design. Male subjects (N = 30), 10 severely-, 10 moderately- and 10 nondependent on alcohol, were tested with the Klove-Matthews Motor Steadiness Battery before and after drinking. The administered alcohol dose yielded .07 mg/dl mean blood alcohol level. Expectations about alcohol resulted in impaired sensorimotor coordination in severely dependent alcoholics, as compared to expectations of soft drinks. Moderately dependent subjects showed an opposite response pattern. Such expectancy factors may counteract neuropharmacological tolerance effects, neutralizing real tolerance effects on moderate doses of alcohol for severely dependent alcoholics. High tolerance also makes larger quantities necessary, leading to increased consumption to obtain the same effect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of carbidine on parameters of ethanol oxidation in experimental alcoholic intoxication].

The effect of carbidine on enzymes of ethanol and acetaldehyde oxidation, the rate of ethanol elimination and the parameters of ethanol consumption were studied during long-term alcoholic intoxication. Carbidine administration was shown to increase the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase of the liver tissue, to decrease the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase with a low Km to acetaldehyde. Also, the rate of ethanol elimination and a relative amount of consumed ethanol increase at the expense of an increase of the volume of consumed liquid.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1987

Acute alcohol intoxication: sex comparisons on pharmacokinetic and mood measures.

This study explored sex differences in pharmacokinetic and mood state responses to acute alcohol intoxication among socially drinking women demonstrated to be normally cycling across two consecutive menstrual cycles and men with similar drinking habits. Subjects were administered moderate or high alcohol doses in six experimental sessions over a 60-day period. Women were tested during the early follicular, ovulatory, and midluteal phases of the cycle, and men were administered alcohol at comparable time intervals. Results showed that men did not differ in alcohol pharmacokinetics across sessions, but women showed significantly shorter elimination times and faster disappearance rates during the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle compared to the early follicular and ovulatory phases and to their male counterparts. There were no sex or within-group differences in self-reported negative mood states prior to alcohol administration, but women described increased anxiety and depression while intoxicated during the early follicular compared to ovulatory and midluteal phases. Affective responses to intoxication were a complex function of sex, limb of the blood alcohol concentration-time curve, and dose.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries due to deliberate violence in areas of Denmark. IV. Alcohol intoxication in victims of violence. The Copenhagen Study Group.

A material of 1316 victims of deliberate violence was collected prospectively during a one year period in three Danish emergency wards covering a provincial/rural area and two metropolitan areas. The frequency of alcohol intoxication was determined. Forty-one percent of the patients were intoxicated. The highest frequency was found in male victims, in the provincial/rural area, in restaurants or their vicinity, in the age group 35-49, during evenings and nights and in May. It is difficult to indicate specific preventive measures. However, a more restrictive attitude is suggested with regard to serving alcohol to intoxicated persons in restaurants.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acetaldehyde and some biochemical parameters in alcoholic intoxications].

The need in comprehensive gas chromatography and biochemistry examinations is grounded for cadaver expertise in order to cope with issues related with alcoholic intoxication. Descriptions of 3 examination methods of biological fluids are elucidated, i.e. gas chromatography, electrophoresis and fixing of a degree of endogenous intoxication. The concentration of acetaldehyde in 3 body media (blood, urine and liquor) are analyzed in detail; the isoenzyme spectra of lactate-, alcohol- and aldehyde dehydrogenase as well as the contents of medium molecules in death of alcohol poisonings and due to mechanical trauma are also in the focus of attention.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1983

[Reversibility of the changes in cortical neurons in experimental alcoholic intoxication].

The structure of neurons and dendrites in the sensorimotor cortex of rats was studied at varying times after completion of a 2-month alcoholic intoxication. The pathological process in the cortex was found to be under way at the early time after alcohol withdrawal. The signs of the recovery of the intracellular organization in neurons and dendrites were noticed 40 days after alcohol withdrawal. However, regardless of the fact that the structure of the most preserved neurons gets recovered 2 months after alcohol withdrawal, the structural organization of dendrites does not attain complete recovery.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1993

Utilization of ketone bodies by the rat liver, brain and heart in chronic alcohol intoxication.

The time-course of ketone body concentrations, the activities of enzymes of their utilization as well as the activities of acetyl-CoA synthetase and ATP-citrate lyase were studied in the liver, brain and heart of rats receiving ethanol for 40 days (3 g/kg, intragastrally). Ethanol increased the concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate 3 hr following the last ethanol treatment in the blood and tissues investigated and that of acetoacetate in the liver with raised acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase activity in all three tissues. The activities of acetyl-CoA-generating enzymes were, however, increased only in the liver and heart. Chronic alcohol intoxication diminished the activities of ketone body utilizing enzymes (3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and 3-oxo acid-CoA transferase) in the heart but not in the brain. The data obtained indicate both disturbed ketone body utilization and increased importance of acetate produced from ethanol as an energy source in the heart during long-term ethanol treatment.

Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase↗