Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “AVITAMINOSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Glycoproteins in rat blood serum and tissues and thiamine saturation of the body].

In blood serum and tissues of rats with alimentary and antimetabolic thiamin deficiencies content of glycoproteins was determined. The alimentary B1-avitaminosis caused a decrease in content of ceruloplasmin, hexosamines and sialic acids in blood serum and also of hexosamines in liver tissue and aorta. In dificiency of thiamin, caused by a single administration of hydroxythiamin, content of hexosamines and sialic acids were decreased in liver, pancreas and heart; in blood serum content of ceruloplasmin was decreased but that of glycoproteins was increased. Thiamin increased content of glycoproteins and sialic acids in blood serum and the content of sialic acids in liver tissue, but it decreased content of hexosamines in liver and pancreas. Content of the metabolites studied in animals, maintained on avitaminous diet, was normalized by means of repeated administration of thiamin during four weeks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Availability of Mg2+, Na+, and K+-ATPase in the nuclei of the skeletal muscles of rabbits normally and during experimental muscular dystrophy].

A comparative study was carried out in the properties of ATPase system of the skeletal muscle nuclei in the rabbits in norm and with experimental muscular dystrophy conditioned by E-avitaminosis. It is shown that in the system, containing 1.5 mM of MgCl2, ATPase system of the nuclei is activated by sodium and potassium ions. In norm maximum activation is observed with their presence in the medium, the concentration being 80 and 70 mM, respectively. With experimental muscular dystrophy maximum activating concentrations decrease and are equal for both cations - 30 mM. Activation of the enzymatic system by these ions is specific because the introduction of equimolar quantities of cholin-chloride or lithium, cesium ions instead of sodium ions into the incubation medium evokes no activation of the ATPase system of the rabbit skeletal muscles both in norm and with experimental muscular dystrophy. A simultaneous presence of sodium and potassium ions in optimum concentrations in the incubation medium makes for an increase of ATPase activity to the same extent as the presence of one of these cations. Oubain, a specific inhibitor of Mg2+, Na+, K+- ATPase, taken in the concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-3) M did not decrease the intensity of ATP hydrolysis and its activation conditioned by the presence of sodium or potassium. A conclusion is made that Mg2+, Na+, K+-ATPase taking part in the work of "sodium pump" is absent in the nuclei of skeletal muscles.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[ATPase systems of the skeletal muscle sarcolemma in E-avitaminotic muscular dystrophy].

The sarcolemma preparations isolated from the skeletal muscles of the normal rabbits and those with E-avitaminosis are characterized by electron microscopy according to the activity of 5-nucleotidase and different ATPase systems. As the data of electron microscopy evidence, the sarcolemma preparations of the normal and dystrophic muscles are deprived of admixtures of other subsellular structures. The 5-nucleotidase activity in the sarcolemma of dystrophic muscles is almost thrice as high as in the sarcolemma of normal muscles. On the basis of the results of studies in the kinetic parameters the optimal conditions are selected to investigate the Mg2+, Ca2+ and Na+, K+-ATPase activity. It is shown that under dystrophy the ATPase activity in the sarcolemma preparations in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ does not change as compared to the norm. As to the Mg2+-dependent Na+, K+-ATPase system its activity in sarcolemma of muscles under dystrophy lowers noticeably. Ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase of sarcolemma under dystrophy is considerably lower than at the normal level and is 4.1 and 12.1 mumol and phi n per 1 mg of protein for 1 h, respectively. Proceeding from the data on the changes in the lipid composition of sarcolemma of muscles with E-avitaminous dystrophy a problem is under discussion concerning dependence of the transport Na+, K+-ATPase activity on the structure of sarcolemma.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Change in the structural state of fractionated liver chromatin in E vitamin deficiency].

Structural modification of transcriptionally active and repressed rat liver chromatin fractions at antioxidant insufficiency caused by E-avitaminosis, was shown. This modification consisted in the compactization of the first fraction structure and in the relaxation of the second one. Besides, compactization of the active fraction structure was accompanied with the increase of fluidity of the lipid bilayer. On the whole antioxidant insufficiency caused more expressed structural changes in the active chromatin fraction, this correlated with the intensity of lipid peroxidation reactions in the fractions.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid concentrations in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis].

The aim of the work was to establish serum homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid concentrations in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Mentioned above vitamins are enzymatic cofactors for metabolic changes of homocysteine. It is a common fact that alcoholics often present with avitaminosis. Additionally, damaged liver worsens this pathology what can negatively influence metabolism of homocysteine. 40 patients--(mean age 52.7 years) and 40 healthy individuals (mean age 50.3 years) were examined. Hyperhomocysteinemia (concentration > 12 mmol//l) was stated in 50% of the patients and mean homocysteine concentration was statistically significantly higher if compared to the controls (13.29 +/- 8.16 vs 11.03 +/- 1.6 mmol/l p < 0.05). In the female patients homocysteine concentration was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (14.6 +/- 10.63 vs 10.73 +/- 1.37 mmol/l p < 0.001). A negative correlation between homocysteine concentration and folic acid concentration in the group of the patients with hyperthomocysteinemia was observed (r = -0.88, p < 0.001) and among all the patients (r = -0.312, n.s.). Vitamin B12 levels were significantly higher in the group of patients than in the controls (659.43 +/- 489.27 vs 384.44 +/- 145.93 p < 0.001) what is consistent with the data from the literature. A positive correlation between mean homocysteine concentration, age and platelet count of the examined patients was stated (r = 0.350, p < 0.05, r = 0.508, p < 0.001). On the basis of the obtained results one can conclude that hyperthomocysteinemia is often established in alcoholic liver disease. Partially, low folic acid concentration is responsible for this fact. In theoretical deliberation one should consider estimation of betaine metylotransferasis levels--the enzyme which is responsible for homocysteine metabolism in the liver.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conjunctival impression cytology--a study of normal conjunctiva.

Conjunctival impression cytology was used to study conjunctival ocular surface in 30 normal individuals in the age group of 20 to 60 years. The cytology was graded according to the classification of Nelson. Out of 30 subjects, 26 showed the features of Grade O (average age 28.33 years) and 4 showed grade 1 (average age 56.66 years). The method was very easy to perform, cheap and fast. The relationship of various cells to each other was maintained. This method can be used to study the conditions like trachoma, avitaminosis A and other disorders of conjunctival surface. It can be undertaken by a paramedical worker in an out patient clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Disruption of the Ca++ transport enzyme system in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes upon exposure to phospholipid hydroperoxides and fatty acid hydroperoxides].

It was shown that when injected into a suspension of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles phosphatidyl ethanol-amine hydroperoxide (HP) slightly activated Ca++-dependent ATPase and increased the permeability of SR membranes for Ca++ during the enzyme function. Linoleic acid HP had no effect on the parameters of the enzymatic Ca++- transporting system (activity of Ca++-dependent ATPase, Ca/ATP ratio, rate of Ca++ efflux) in the SR membranes due to its insufficient incorporation into the SR fragments. It is concluded that among the primary molecular products of lipid peroxidation (free fatty acid HP, phospholipid HP) induced both in vitro (by the Fe++ + ascorbate system) and in vivo (ischemia, E-avitaminosis), only the phospholipid HPs were modifiers of Ca++ transport in the SR membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Abnormalities of autonomic nervous systems in intoxications, including alcohol and drugs].

Disorders in the autonomic nervous system occur frequently in cases with alcoholism or various intoxications. Drugs, especially those related to neurotransmitters may induce complicated symptoms in the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. Some of these symptoms are accompanied by peripheral neuropathy. Intoxication, especially alcoholism is often are combined with a malnutrition, such as avitaminosis. Dysautonomic symptoms change successively; at an early stage, drugs or toxins stimulate sympathetic or parasympathetic receptors, while the same receptors are inhibited at a later stage when the concentration of the substances rises in the blood. Frequent stimulations of the same receptor may produce change in the sensitivity of receptors, decreased metabolism or addiction. These changes suggest that a different approach towards the acute and chronic autonomic disorders caused by intoxications is needed.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1991

Prevention and treatment of trachoma and the anti-blindness program.

The author considers the main causes of blindness in VIETNAM which are a little different from the studies of W.H.O. These are: 1. Trachoma. 2. Avitaminosis A. 3. Senile cataract. 4. Glaucoma. 5. Eye injuries in workers and in current life. For each cause, the author considers the efforts. Which are already made and which be made in the future. In case of trachoma, the author hopes that it will be eradicated in the year of 2000.

Blindness↗
PubMed1976

[Pyridoxal kinase activity and pyridoxal-P concentration in mammalian tissues under normal and experimental conditions].

The activity and the distribution of pyridoxal kinase in rat and mouse tissues are studied. The data obtained testify the presence of a relative excess of pyridoxal kinase in all the organs studied, which probably causes a high rate of pyridoxalphosphate (PLP) biosynthesis under comparatively low vitamin B6 concentration. A correlation between the level of pyridoxal kinase activity and the content of PLP in rat brain and liver during ontogenesis is observed. The activity of pyridoxal kinase and the content of PLP are shown to be sharply increased in liver of rats received a protein-rich diet. Bilateral adrenalectomy resulted in the decrease of absolute and specific enzyme activities in rat liver by 20--30%. The content of PLP in mouse brain and liver was sharply decreased under experimental B6-avitaminosis while the content of pyridoxal kinase practically did not change. The injection of vitamin B6 rapidly normalized the PLP content in mouse tissues. The data obtained show that under physiological conditions the functional activity of pyridoxal kinase may be regulated in tissues by enzyme and substate contents. Some aspects of vitamin B6 metabolism in mammals are considered. It is concluded that in body the pyridoxal catabolism connected with its phosphorylation by pyridoxal kinase and the formation of pyridoxalphosphate.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1991

[Cerebral beriberi with ophthalmoplegia as the leading symptom in an alcoholic patient].

Author has noticed bilateral ophthalmoplegia in consequence of B1 avitaminosis due to alcoholism. Recognition of the cerebral beriberi with ophthalmoplegia as a leading symptom (Wernicke's encephalopathy) is easy. The importance of the diagnosis is that this life threatening condition can be abolished promptly by the administration of Vitamin B1. On the basis of the frequent occurrence of alcoholism it seems likely, that several similar beriberi cases could be found nowadays.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fatty acid composition of rat liver chromatin fractions under conditions of stimulation of lipid peroxidation].

The residues of non-saturated fatty acids being the substrates of lipids peroxidation in chromatin are introduced to the composition of fractions of transcriptionally active and repressed chromatin of rat liver. The amount of non-saturated fatty acids is higher in transcriptionally active chromatin fraction as compared to their amount in the repressed fraction which correlated with the level of lipids peroxidation in these fractions under its activation in vitro. Stimulation of lipids peroxidation in vivo as a result of a single administration of tetrachloroethane and under E-avitaminosis results in the expressed shift of fatty -acid composition of the both chromatin fractions: the amount of substrate lipid peroxide oxidation increases in its repressed part and decrease in its transcriptionally active part. Administration of ionol antioxidant does not result in any noticeable normalization of the shift of fatty-acid composition of chromatin evoked by the lipids peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The tropical amblyopia syndrome (or tropical nutritional amblyopia) in the Mid-Western State of Nigeria.

One hundred and seven patients from the Mid-Western State of Nigeria with the tropical amblyopia syndrome are reported. Ninety-five patients (88.8%) had the amblyopia syndrome mainly; twelve patients (11.2%) had amblyopia and other manifestations of the tropical ataxic neuropathy. The young, aged 10-20 years, represented by sixty-six patients (61.8%), are predominantly affected by the uncomplicated syndrome. Thirteen patients (12.1%) showed muco-cutaneous evidence of avitaminosis. Fifty patients (46.7%) had temporal pallor of the optic discs, bilaterally, another fifty (46.7%) had normal discs, two (2.8%) showed pink discs. Generalized field constriction is the common field defect, though central or centro-caecal scotoma can occur. Red/green defect was present in seven patients. It is a disease of the poor or those living on a basic monotonous diet consisting mainly of cassava (mannihot) and its derivatives. It is a significant cause of defective vision in Mid-Western Nigeria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Appearance of coagulation disorders in the non-healthy newborn infant].

Coagulation abnormalities are particularly frequent in neonatal pathology and justify exploration of hemostasis in the newborn. First of all we established a profile of coagulation in the newborn using our own results and data from the literature. Contrasting with a deficit in numerous factors (II - VII - IX - X - XI - and XII), overall coagulation is normal, or even increased. The fibrinolytic system is characterized by a low plasminogen level but the activity of this system is transitorily increased. Then we recall the known syndromes: avitaminosis K, constitutional deficits in the coagulation factors, isolated thrombopenia, disseminated intravascular clotting. However numerous problems persist. Abnormalities in the clotting factors are frequently difficult to interpret. Correlation between the clinical and laboratory pictures does not always exist. We emphasize the necessity for preventive measures.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrastructural organization of the surface epithelium of gastric mucosa in vitamin A deficiency].

Under conditions of experimental A-avitaminosis in cells of superficial epithelium of the chicken stomach mucous membrane certain ultrastructural changes of cytoplasmic membranes takes place. Amount of transport vesicles decreases, regeneration of membranes in the Golgi complex cisterns, secretory vesicles and apical part of the external cellular membrane with development of apical erosions is disturbed. The problem on influence of the changes mentioned to the process of mucus formation, in particular to protein glycosylation in the Golgi complex is discussed. Insufficient vitamin A amount, getting into the organism results in a decreased resistivity of the stomach mucous membrane as a consequence of disturbances in processes of mucus formation and in safety of the apical part of the external cellular membrane of the superficial epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Change in nucleic acid synthesis in the spleen of rats with acute deficit of vitamin B1 during immunogenesis].

After four administrations of human blood serum gamma-globulin (intraperitoneally, once during 4 days at a dose of 1 mg and the following reimmunization within 60 days at a dose of 3-4 mg) distinct incorporation of 14C-thymidine (specific activity 54 muCi/mumole, by 5 muCi per an animal, 2 hrs before decapitation, intraperitoneally) into rat spleen DNA was detected within 4 days of immunogenesis. Acute oxythiamine B1 avitaminosis (single subcutaneous administration of oxythiamine at a dose of 400 mg/kg) led to a decrease in the label incorporation into spleen DNA of immunized rats by 70% (p less than 0.01) as compared with control immunized animals, while incorporation of 14C-thymidine was unaltered in intact rats. Content of RNA was not distinctly altered in spleen of B1-deficient rats within the 4 days of immunogenesis. Acute deficiency of vitamin B1 thus impaired synthesis of DNA in spleen during development of immunogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The cataract in Bangladesh. Epidemiology--treatment].

The Bangladesh, earth of mud and water, is one of the most poor countries in the world. And it is a fact that the very special geographical, climatical and vital statistics are the victims of certain endemic diseases. For the most part, the diarrheoïcal diseases are prevailing. From the ophthalmologic point of view, avitaminosis A is the major risk factor during the childhood. However, as in many other countries, the prime cause of blindness is the cataract. This disease is surgically curable. The treatment is affected by the lack of surgeons and the big number of cases. An example of therapeutic strategy is presented by B.N.S.B.: Bangladesh National Society for the Blind.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Are the receptors of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 vitamin K dependent?].

Alimentary deficiency of vitamin K in rats causes a decrease in the level of in vivo occupied nuclear 1,25 (OH)2D3 receptors in small intestinal mucosa and an 2-2.5-fold increase in the ability of cytosolic 1,25 (OH)2D3-receptor complexes to bind to heterologous DNA. The 1,25 (OH)2D3 binding by the receptors is thereby unaffected. Preincubation of kidney and intestinal cytosol of rats with the secondary K-avitaminosis induced by vitamin K antagonist with the microsomal vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation system sharply decreases the binding of the 1.25 (OH)2D3-receptor complexes to DNA. In rats treated with the vitamin K antagonist in combination with a low calcium diet, the subsequent maintenance on a high calcium diet does not cause, in contrast with vitamin K-repleted animals, a sharp decrease of the level of the in vivo occupied 1,25 (OH)2D3 receptors. In vitro Ca2+ cations decrease the binding of the 1,25 (OH)2D3-receptor complexes to DNA only in vitamin K-repleted rats (ED50 = 2.5 x 10(-6) M). The existence of a vitamin K-dependent Ca-sensitive mechanism regulating the binding of the 1,25 (OH)2D3 receptor to DNA has been postulated for the first time.

Animals↗