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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Experience of the 7th Central Military Clinical Aviation Hospital in early diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation, and expert evaluation of cholelithiasis in flying personnel].

The Seventh Central military clinical aviation hospital is experienced in performing laparocholecystectomy (LCE) in pilots afflicted with cholelithiasis (CL). In the period from 1990 to 2001, 92 operations were carried out after which 80 patients (87%) were permitted to fly. Medical discharge of 12 patients (13%) was associated not with CL but with some morphofunctional shifts caused by concomitant diseases. Seven to five-yr. follow-up of the 80 pilots who had returned their flying status after LCE showed their good tolerance for the flight loads.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2003

Cases from the aerospace medicine residents' teaching file. Transient ischemic attack in an aviator with patent foramen ovale and Factor V Leiden.

A case report is presented of a naval aviator who suffered a transient ischemic attack (TIA) 1 mo after experiencing right leg pain and swelling following a 4-d drive. Although a venous thrombotic source was never discovered, the presence of both a patent foramen ovale and a thrombophilic condition supports paradoxical embolism (PDE) as the cause of this pilot's TIA. The presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and aeromedical disposition of TIA secondary to a PDE is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Major depressive disorder with psychotic features in an aviator after head trauma.

We present a case in which a Naval aviator suffered an unusual sequence of neuropsychiatric symptoms after head trauma. He demonstrated subtle deficits on several measures 1 mo after the trauma. Repeat testing at 8 mo showed apparent recovery, and the patient was cleared to return to flight status. Unbeknownst to medical staff, the patient was still experiencing difficulties. He was found in a severely debilitated state and exhibiting psychotic features 12 mo after his initial trauma. The patient was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward, and with prolonged inpatient and outpatient treatment, he eventually recovered.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of blood alcohol among aviation personnel: proposed operative protocol].

The problems of the use/abuse of alcohol need a special attention by the Public Authorities, based on the scientific evidences related to the subject. We would like to define in the present paper the procedures for alcohol testing (and drug testing) in the sailors, following the international aviation authorities (ICAO, JAR-OPS-1, FAA) recommendations. A Working Group was established to study both the scientific and the legal aspects of the problems related to alcohol testing in Italy. Experts from the Università "La Sapienza" and from Alitalia studied the alcohol testing issues abroad to set out criteria, guidelines and procedures for random testing in Italy.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2005

The etiology of low back pain in military helicopter aviators: prevention and treatment.

Low back pain (LPB) is a major health problem among military rotary-wing aircrews worldwide. In order to define the etiology and propose remedies to LBP in helicopter aviators a review and critique of the literature was conducted. In-flight sitting posture and vibration generated by the aircraft were identified as high risk factors for LBP. Consequently, researchers recommended ergonomic modifications to the crew stations. The efficacy of these technical interventions has not been proven. As well, these design changes are not financially practical. Following an in depth kinesiological analysis of the physical demands of this type of flying, and preliminary experimentation, an alternative aeromedical approach focusing on the aircrew rather than the craft is presented. The authors propose a set of flight-specific exercises that might effectively deal with this problem. A thorough testing of this approach is envisioned.

Aircraft↗
PubMed2005

Fatigue in military aviation: an overview of US military-approved pharmacological countermeasures.

Uncomfortable working and sleeping environments, high operational tempos, sustained operations, and insufficient staffing make fatigue a growing concern. In aviation, where a single mistake can cost millions of dollars, it is essential to optimize operator alertness. Although behavioral and administrative fatigue countermeasures should comprise the "first line" approach for sustaining aircrew performance, pharmacological fatigue countermeasures are often required. Various components of the U.S. military have authorized the use of specific compounds for this purpose. Hypnotics such as temazepam, zolpidem, or zaleplon can mitigate the fatigue associated with insufficient or disturbed sleep. Alertness-enhancing compounds such as caffeine, modafinil, or dextroamphetamine can temporarily bridge the gap between widely spaced sleep periods. Each of these medications has a role in sustaining the safety and effectiveness of military aircrews. The present paper provides a short overview of these compounds as well as factors to be considered before choosing one or more to help manage fatigue.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2006

Pre-hypertension as a predictor of hypertension in military aviators: a longitudinal study of 367 men.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure introduced the term "pre-hypertension" for systolic blood pressure (BP) levels of 120-139 and diastolic BP levels of 80-89 mmHg. Our aim was to establish the prevalence of this novel entity among young subjects, and to assess the rate of progression to hypertension. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of a group of 367 male aviators who were examined at the age of 18 and who were followed for an average of 18 +/- 7 yr (range 3-37 yr). Systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate, and body mass index (BMI) were measured at the age of 18 and at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS: At the age of 18, 176 subjects (48%) had pre-hypertension. Subjects with pre-hypertension had higher BP levels (132 +/- 6/76 +/- 8 vs. 115 +/- 6/72 +/- 7 mmHg; p < 0.001), heart rate (71 +/- 12 vs. 65 +/- 12 bpm; p < 0.001) and BMI (22.4 +/- 2.9 vs. 21.7 +/- 2.5 kg x m(-2); p < 0.05) than the subjects with normal BP. During the follow-up period, 110 subjects (30%), 77 with pre-hypertension and 33 with normal BP, developed hypertension. Pre-hypertensive subjects had an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% CI; 2.3-6.2) to develop hypertension as compared with subjects with normal BP. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-hypertension is common and it predicts the development of frank hypertension. Thus, subjects with pre-hypertension should be closely followed and encouraged to begin lifestyle modification in order to prevent future complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Cutaneous infections with community-acquired MRSA in aviators.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen of growing concern among community-based practices in medicine, particularly those in the military. The risk of colonization and infection by community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) is significantly higher among military members than that of the general population. The unique environment of the deployed, military aviator (impaired hygiene practices, close contact in warm, space-limited cockpits, and shared life support equipment) may increase risks of colonization, infection, and transmission of CA-MRSA and hence warrants the clinical attention of the flight surgeon. Studies of molecular genetics indicate that isolates of CA-MRSA contain a unique mobile genetic element (SCCmec type IV), indicating that CA-MRSA evolved separately from nosocomially acquired MRSA. Skin infections involving CA-MRSA are unlike their nosocomial counterparts in that CA-MRSA infections are susceptible to multiple classes of antibiotics and, on average, are clinically more aggressive. Awareness of this pathogen and appropriate clinical intervention can lead to prompt resolution of the infection and reduce rates of CA-MRSA colonization.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1991

[The use of aviation transport in providing medical care to the victims in an earthquake focus].

2584 wounded were evacuated by helicopters during Armenian earthquake, December, 1988--that was 20% of all hospital cases. But, practically, the possibilities of aviation in Spitak and Leninakan regions were far more extensive. The more effective employment of air transportation for evacuation could be attained by the following measures: organization of a sole command and action coordination between medical service, air command and rescue teams, preliminary rescue planning, efficient organization of triage and evacuation of wounded, special training of medical staff in air evacuation. The extreme conditions of flights in emergency situation of catastrophe or calamity need high working capacity and firm professional skill of flight crews.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1991

Stereotypes of pilots and apprehension about flying with them: a study of commercial aviation scenarios.

This study explored the effects of gender, experience, and performance of a commercial aviation pilot on concern of passengers about flying with him or her. It used scenarios that represented two aspects of pilot behavior: skill and judgment. We cast 112 adult subjects in the role of passengers. They read vignettes that described their captain and the flight in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design (male or female, newly promoted or veteran captain, strong or weak performance). Results showed that of the three manipulated variables, only pilot performance had a statistically significant main effect upon apprehension about making a continuation flight with the pilot (F = 41.52; p less than or equal to 0.001 for the skill scenario and F = 41.73; p less than or equal to 0.001 for the judgment scenario). Statistical interactions showed that the level of passenger concern was not based entirely on pilot performance. For instance, on the skill scenario, when a female pilot performed well, her rating was higher than that of an equally performing male, but when she performed poorly, her rating was lower than his (F = 5.38; p less than or equal to 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Military aviation: a contact lens review.

The military aviation communities have benefitted from the development of advanced electro-optical avionics systems. One drawback that has emerged is an increasing system incompatibility with traditional spectacle visual corrections. An alternative solution to the refractive error correction problem that some services have been investigating is that of contact lens wear. Since this much-debated topic is currently of command interest, a general overview of contact lens issues is presented as a framework for future discussions.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1990

[Hygienic assessment of the overall noise load in civilian aviation crews].

The contributors give a hygienic assessment of the overall noise load in Soviet Civil Aviation crews' labour conditions and propose an original technique for noise load measurements during the flight, including noise level measurements in the cabin, effectiveness of individual noise protection means, and measurements of noise resulting from individual radio communication devices. The communication devices are considered to bear major responsibility for noise load in modern aircraft crews. Conclusions are made with regard to the health related factors of noise load in off-flight state (when in the landing field) and off-duty conditions (at rest in airport hotels and recreation sites).

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1990

[Aviation support of measures for rendering medical care to the victims of natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes].

The unpredictable character of natural calamities and technological accidents makes some specific demands on the organization and planning of the wide range complex of social measures to abolish their awful and tragic consequences. Analysing and summarizing the reviews and reports of international congresses on the emergency and catastrophic medicine and their own experience, the authors accentuate attention on the advantages and capabilities of aerial transport in delivering of medical personnel, all necessary equipment to the zones of mass sanitary losses and its really essential role in rapid aeromedical evacuation of injured. The authors scrutinize in details the structural scheme of organization of patient's search-and-rescue work and suggest, that main principles of planning and management of search-and-rescue operations in aviation could be applied in a decision of problems, which arise in medical assistance to the victims of the natural disasters and accidents.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

Fitness of civil aviation passengers to fly after ear surgery.

Movements of the tympanic membrane caused by changes in air pressure are conducted to the ossicles of the middle ear. The gliding mechanism of the malleus-incus articulation converts in-and-out movements of the eardrum into up-and-down movements of the stapes, thereby protecting the inner ear from static pressures. In certain ear operations, the replacement of a middle ear ossicle by a prosthesis disjoints the malleus-incus articulation or makes it rigid. Pressure is then transmitted in unattenuated form from the eardrum through the oval window to the inner ear. Impairment of pressure equilibration, for example due to obstructed eustachian tubes, can lead to prosthesis displacement with severe injury to the vestibulocochlear apparatus. Thus, patients should be advised to begin equilibration of pressure at the beginning of descent of commercial airlines or civil aviation flights, and to repeat it a brief intervals.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1989

Two case reports of bacterial prostatitis with a proposed treatment for aviators.

Bacterial prostatitis is the inflammation of the prostate gland secondary to a bacterial infection, characteristically having a chronic course with sporadic acute exacerbations. While considered to be the most common cause of recurrent bacterial urinary tract infections in the middle-aged adult male, bacterial prostatitis can be difficult to manage satisfactorily, particularly from the aeromedical perspective. The recurrent infection pattern, common for chronic bacterial prostatitis, has recently been better defined with the localization of the bacterial reservoir as being within the lumen of the prostatic ducts. Capitalizing upon "passive ion trapping" of certain lipid soluble antibiotics in this "protected" site, a two-phased, nonsurgical, pharmacological treatment is proposed for aviators. Two representative cases are reported that demonstrate such management within the setting of an operational USAF flight surgeon's office.

Adult↗