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PubMed2003

Early examples of art in Scottish hospitals, 2: Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries.

Fine art has been used in hospitals for centuries. However, Crichton Royal Hospital in Dumfries pioneered the use of art activity in the treatment of its patients. This article is the second of two which look at examples of art created for, and in, Scottish hospitals in the 19th century. It is suggested that the importance of Scotland's contribution to this movement is unrecognized by many of its modern-day practitioners.

Art↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Creativity and spirituality in nursing: implementing art in healing.

Creative modalities offer nurses a new perspective on how to care for patients. The link between creativity and healing is well documented. In response to this, many hospitals have instituted programs that include arts and creativity. Because of their unique bonds with patients, nurses play a crucial role in bringing creative arts into patient care. Several recommendations are given for implementing specific art media (eg, music, drawing, dance, writing) in the clinical setting.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

The art of health.

There is a general trend in education today to stress "the basics,"--often defined as reading, writing and arithmetic. Health-related professionals have made a valid case that health may be more "basic" than any of these areas. And professionals in the arts have good historical evidence that art, dance and music are "basic" to human existence. Too often the different disciplines are pitted against one another to compete for money and prestige. The intent of this paper is to show how two "basics" can be used in an interdisciplinary approach to help teach children. Using art to teach about health can be an effective and interesting way to promote health discussions.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed2006

Arts in health care: a new paradigm for holistic nursing practice.

Bringing creativity into health care has opened up a new dimension in nursing. Creative interventions have been shown to shorten hospital stays and reduce the patient's need for pain medication. In response to these benefits, many major medical centers around the world have instituted arts in health care programs. Arts in Medicine is one such program that serves hundreds of patients. It was established by a nurse at the University of Florida and is directly tied to nursing care. Programs like this provide clinical models for nurses who want to integrate the arts into their health care practice. This article presents these models and discusses ways that nurses can easily implement creative interventions into their practice.

Art Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Creative solutions: Innovative use of the arts in mental health settings.

A recent study of occupational stress on the unit (Clare, 2004) highlighted that staff valued the importance of the socialization process in reducing their stress levels. This process incorporates the need for peer support and acceptance, and an understanding of what is expected of them (e.g., roles and responsibilities), supported by a culture of learning, problem solving, and working together. This process is similar to the approach taken by the arts project in nurturing ideas and initiatives in a safe, respectful way. It is apparent that the arts project has been more than just a creative activity; it has had wider implications for both staff and service users in reducing stress. It has: * Enabled staff retention. In fact, there is a waiting list of nurses wishing to work on the unit. * Reduced incidents of damage to property. * Reduced use of p.r.n. medication. * Enhanced the good reputation of the service, which is often commented on by visitors to the unit. The arts project promotes well-being and lifelong learning for the ward community through meaningful engagement in creative activity.

Art↗
PubMed1996

Medicine--a healing or a dying art?

That medicine is a science is the popular belief, and this has been reinforced by the advent of 'evidence-based medicine', which assumes that scientific proof is required to support medical practice. However, the view of science implied is a narrow one, foreign both to pure scientists and to artists, and the art of medicine is devalued by the approach. There are both important differences and important similarities between science and the arts. The arts should contribute to evidence-based practice and education along with science, and have a role in many aspects of medical practice.

Art↗
PubMed2004

Impact of biological factors on binding media identification in art objects: identification of animal glue in the presence of Aspergillus niger.

The materials and especially organic materials used for creation of art objects can be utilized by various microorganisms for their growth and facilitate the microbial colonization of the object. An understanding of the chemical alterations in artefacts caused by the presence of microorganisms can be crucial for correct identification of the materials initially used for the artefact creation--nowadays an important step in restoration and/or art-historical investigation of the art object. The present article describes a model experiment in which we investigated the possible chemical alterations in animal glue films used as substrate for growth of the fungus Aspergillus niger. The sterilized animal glue solution was poured into Petri dishes, inoculated with Aspergillus niger, and subsequently incubated at 15 degrees C for 0, 7, 9, 14, and 28 days. After interruption of incubation, the content of the Petri dish was analyzed for amino acid composition by the GC-MS based method. It was found that the growth of Aspergillus niger on animal glue films did not cause significant changes in the amino acid composition of the film and had no impact on animal glue identification.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2006

Pitfalls in drying oils identification in art objects by gas chromatography.

Drying oils identification in art objects is an important step in the scientific investigation of the artifact which provides conservators and art historians with valuable information concerning materials used and painting techniques applied. The present communication is devoted to pitfalls and troubleshooting in drying oils identification by means of GC-MS analysis of fatty acids composition in a microsample of an art object. We demonstrate that in the case of nonlinear instrument response the ratios of palmitic to stearic (P/S), distinctive for each oil type and used for drying oil identification, depend on sample dilution so that different dilutions of the same sample can give different P/S ratios. This phenomenon can hinder drying oil identification and lead to erroneous interpretations. This is an important observation as nowadays very often the P/S ratio is calculated from the corresponding peak area ratios or by the use of one-point calibration method. In these approaches, the linearity of the instrument response is not controlled and ensured. In the case analyzed, the nonlinear instrument response was attributed to incomplete sample evaporation in the injector. Packing of the glass liner with deactivated glass wool improved the sample evaporation and ensured the linearity of the instrument response and independence of the P/S ratio from sample dilution.

Art↗
PubMed2005

"I love ballet": arts incentives for adolescent health and community development.

Art can be a transformative process that not only offers youth opportunities for self-expression, but enables them to connect to their communities as part of the healing process. Having a public role offers those who are often without power to have a voice and a presence. This chapter provides information on the Arts Incentives Program at the United South End Settlements, a therapeutic, arts-based youth and community development program working with high-risk girls ages eleven to eighteen. Young people engage in community building within the program and become agents of positive community change. In revitalizing their communities, they rebuild a sense of self as essential, valued, and creative, bringing together the resources of participants, agencies, and the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

1994 Molecular Graphics Art Show and Video Show.

The 1994 Molecular Graphics Art Show and Video Show were presented at the 13th annual international meeting of the Molecular Graphics and Modelling Society. The art show--shown in the Mary & Leigh Block Gallery on the campus of Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois--included original artworks by eighteen artists and the video show included nine original animated works. All were chosen for their ability to present the complexity, diversity, and beauty of the molecular world in visual form. Works from a wide range of disciplines were represented, including work by scientists actively involved in structural research, by commercial illustrators presenting these results to students and physicians, and by fine artists exploring the meanings and implications of these molecules in our lives. Included in this issue of the Journal of Molecular Graphics are comments by the juror of the show, T.J. O'Donnell, a catalogue of the art show, and a catalogue of the video show.

Art↗
PubMed1985

Group art therapy in a methadone clinic lobby.

A weekly group art therapy workshop, held in the waiting room of the Venice (California) Methadone Clinic of the Los Angeles Institute for Studies of Destructive Behavior, is described. In this workshop, the clients project their imagination onto random lines and shapes made by string and ink on paper, drawing out the images they see and writing titles and sometimes stories about them. The artwork is shared, discussed, and displayed in the lobby. Through this art-centered process, the clients learn to communicate feelings and conflicts with each other. They also develop social skills, gain insight, and improve their self-esteem. Group art therapy, when combined with counseling, is an effective therapeutic modality when working with a nonverbal and resistant population such as drug abusers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Entitling art: Influence of title information on understanding and appreciation of paintings.

There is evidence that presenting titles together with artworks affects their processing. We investigated whether elaborative and descriptive titles change the appreciation and understanding of paintings. Under long presentation times (90 s) in Experiment 1, testing representative and abstract paintings, elaborative titles increased the understanding of abstract paintings but not their appreciation. In order to test predictions concerning the time course of understanding and aesthetic appreciation [Leder, H., Belke, B., Oeberst, A., & Augustin, D. (2004). A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments. British Journal of Psychology, 95(4), 489-508] in Experiment 2, abstract paintings were presented under two presentation times. For short presentation times (1 s), descriptive titles increased the understanding more than elaborative titles, whereas for medium presentation times (10 s), elaborative titles increased the understanding more than descriptive titles. Thus, with artworks a presentation time of around 10 s might be needed, to assign a meaning beyond the mere description. Only at medium presentation times did the participants with more art knowledge have a better understanding of the paintings than participants with less art knowledge. Thus, it seems that art knowledge becomes significant, if there is sufficient time to assign a meaning and the present studies reveal the importance of considering the time course in aesthetic appreciation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The art of science: transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and Golconda.

Science and art are, surprisingly, intimately linked to each other. Over the centuries, artists used their talent in order to depict with the greatest detail possible the human anatomy and later the histology of tissues, helping scientists comprehend better the world and human nature. From the opposite perspective, scientific images coming from observation or experimentation can constitute art since they can have form and beauty. An example is mitotic figures, particularly the atypical ones observed in cancer. The affinity between art and science is demonstrated herein, by their harmonic coexistence in one figure, and also by the ease and naturalness by which the phrases used by Magritte in order to describe one of his paintings, the famous "Golconda" can be paraphrased to describe a neoplasm, a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Art↗
PubMed2006

The martial arts.

Given the increasing popularity of the martial arts, it is likely that physicians in all specialties encounter patients who participate. From pediatric patients, to geriatric patients, to those living with various disabilities, the martial arts may offer physical, psychologic, and therapeutic benefits. An appreciation of the physical demands of the martial arts is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of injury as well as to planning treatment and prevention strategies and to determining safe return to participation after injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The role of biotechnology in art preservation.

Biotechnology has played a key role in medicine, agriculture and industry for over 30 years and has advanced our understanding of the biological sciences. Furthermore, the tools of biotechnology have a great and largely untapped potential for the preservation and restoration of our cultural heritage. It is possible that these tools are not often applied in this context because of the inherent separation of the worlds of art and science; however, it is encouraging to see that during the past six years important biotechnological applications to artwork preservation have emerged and advances in biotechnology predict further innovation. In this article we describe and reflect upon a unique example of a group of scientists and art restoration technicians working together to study and treat of a piece of colonial art, and review some of the new applications in biotechnology for the preservation of mankind's cultural heritage. We predict an expansion in this field and the further development of biotechnological techniques, which will open up new opportunities to both biologists and artwork preservers.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Zones of inhibition: interactions between art and science.

It has been suggested that successful art helps to solve our emotional problems. Can it therefore help with our current crisis in the relationship between biological science and society? Art and science are activities that have seemingly different cultures; scientists are seen as objective and rational, artists as subjective and intuitive. Each inhabit cultures that are seen to be mutually exclusive, but this has not always been the case. For example, during the Renaissance, people were schooled across both art and science and there was no clear dividing line. Where did the split occur, and is their interaction important in the 21st century?

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2004

Consciousness, art, and the brain: lessons from Marcel Proust.

In his novel Remembrance of Things Past, Marcel Proust argues that conventional descriptions of the phenomenology of consciousness are incomplete because they focus too much on the highly-salient sensory information that dominates each moment of awareness and ignore the network of associations that lies in the background. In this paper, I explicate Proust's theory of conscious experience and show how it leads him directly to a theory of aesthetic perception. Proust's division of awareness into two components roughly corresponds to William James' division of the stream of thought into a "nucleus" and "fringe." Proust argues that the function of art is to evoke the underlying associative network indirectly in the mind of the observer by using carefully chosen sensory surfaces to control the stream of thought. I propose a possible neural basis for this Proustian/Jamesian phenomenology, and argue that the general principles of Proustian aesthetics can be applied to all forms of art. I conclude that a scientific theory of art should follow in a straightforward manner from a scientific theory of consciousness.

Art↗
PubMed2001

Masterworks of art and chronic illness experiences in the elderly.

AIM: This article presents findings of a qualitative study, conducted between 1997 and 2000, to investigate the plausibility of integrating masterworks of art with care of the chronically ill elderly, and to analyse perceptions about chronic illness among three groups: registered nurses, nursing students, and the elderly. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE: Statistically the incidence of chronic illness increases in the elderly. Although pathophysiology of chronic illness is increasingly understood, few studies explore the experience of living with chronicity from the perspective of the elderly. Understanding and intervening appropriately for the elderly with chronic illness may contribute significantly to improving quality of life for this growing population. ETHICAL ISSUES AND APPROVAL: The study was approved through an Institutional Review Board. Facility permission and participant informed consent were obtained. Anonymity and confidentiality were protected. DESIGN: Using hermeneutic phenomenology and masterworks of art as a centre point for dialogue, the investigators explored the perceptions of nurses, students, and the elderly about living with a chronic illness. A purposive sample of 65 participants made up seven focus groups with which group interviews were conducted. Themes were explicated and analysed from audiotaped interviews until data saturation was reached. FINDINGS: Content analysis of focus group interviews revealed themes of social isolation, inevitable role change, and inertia-movement. Only the elderly acknowledged hope and a steadfast refusal to give up, while nurses and students viewed chronicity more negatively. Themes of social isolation and role change are consistent with other studies of the elderly. A paradox of inertia-movement in the chronically ill elderly has not been reported in the nursing literature. CONCLUSIONS: Paradoxical tension of inertia-movement in the chronically ill elderly appears to be linked to the broader concept of energy in nursing science, and to Parse's theory of human becoming. Masterworks of art can generate energy exchange between the elderly and caregivers, providing a plausible catalyst for meaningful interventions that transcend age and practice settings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗