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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Endocrine cells of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium.

Among the epithelial elements of the pulmonary airways are cells with features suggestive of endocrine function. Although these cells share a number of properties with the intestinal endocrine (argentaffine) cells, peptide hormones analogous to the multitude of those present in the gastrointestinal tract have yet to be identified in the lung. The oat cell carcinoma, which arises from this cell type, is of importance clinically, yet investigations into the basic properties and functions of this cell have been difficult and sparse, in part due to a lack of appreciation of the problem.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1978

Variable content of histaminase, L-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biologic and clinical implications.

To ascertain whether the content of endocrine markers is constant in small-cell carcinoma of the lung, levels of three markers of medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied in this tumor. Histaminase was increased in six of six primary tumors (three to 14,000 times), L-dopa decarboxylase in four of six (six to 30 times), and calcitonin in one of one (eight times) over levels in adjacent lung. Marker levels in mediastinal metastases reflected those in primary tumors in four of five patients. However, in four of seven, multiple hepatic metastases contained low to absent levels despite simultaneously high values in chest lesions. Immunohistochemical studies of histaminase revealed that within each primary tumor different cells contained different amounts of the enzyme. Since marker content varied between tumor cells, between primary tumors and between metastases in individual patients we conclude that circulating levels of these three markers cannot be expected necessarily to mirror tumor burden in patients with small-cell lung tumors.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1994

Determinants of susceptibility to cigarette smoke. Potential roles for neuroendocrine cells and neuropeptides in airway inflammation, airway wall remodeling, and chronic airflow obstruction.

There is a subgroup of cigarette smokers who are more susceptible than others to the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke and to chronic airflow obstruction. The study of histopathologic and physiologic differences between these "susceptible" smokers and "resistant" smokers, who do not develop clinically significant airflow obstruction, may lead to better understanding of host factors that determine individual susceptibility to cigarette smoke. This report puts forth the hypothesis that individual differences in number or function of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells may play an important role in determining whether cigarette smokers develop chronic airflow obstruction and perhaps other smoking-related disorders. In this context, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and bombesin-like peptides are discussed, emphasizing those aspects most relevant to the pathobiologic consequences of cigarette smoking.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1980

Noradrenaline and acidic protein(s) in four types of cat carotid body chief cells.

Four types of chief cells can be discerned in the cat carotid body. These cells are referred to as types 1 to 4. They are characterized--in the given order--by decreasing amounts of noradrenaline (argentaffin reaction) and acidic protein(s) (HCl hydrolysis/basic dye methods). The concentrations of acidic protein roughly parallel that of noradrenaline, being highest in type 1 and lowest in type 4 cells. It is suggested that acidic protein and monoamines together are stored in specific granules and secreted by ekcytosis. The various cell types reflect functional conditions. Histochemical methods to identify acidic protein are less sensitive than methods for monamines. Thus, only catecholamines have been detected in chief cells of those animals, which contain only a few and small specific granules. Cat carotid body chief cells, by contrast, serve as a suitable model to demonstrate the parallelism in storage and secretion of monoamines and acidic protein.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1977

[Ultrastructure of B-cell tumors of the pancreas (insulinomas - insular carcinoid tumors)].

The subcellular organization of 6 B-cell tumours of the human pancreas was studied. The tumour parenchyma consisted of processed light, dark, and moderately electron dense cells containing insulin granules. The presence of villi in the cytoplasm of tumour cells and intranuclear fibrills was demonstrated. The participation of tumour cells in formation of amyloid-like thin-fiber substance filling the intercellular and perivascular spaces was established. The similarity between endothelial cells of tumour vessels and parenchymatous cells was shown. A hypothesis on neuroectodermal origin of the endocrine tissue of the pancreas is supported.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1985

[Enteroendocrine cells, their structure and function].

The modern classification of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system (GEPES) is presented. Qualitative and quantitative composition of the entero-endocrine system (EES) included in the GEPES is considered, as well as functional role of every type of the cells. The literature data are summarized and the morphology at the light optic and electron microscopic levels of the endocrine cells and the peptidergic nerves of the intestine is demonstrated. The existing methods for investigation of the EES endocrine cells and for the whole neuroendocrine complex of the gastro-intestinal tract taken together are analysed.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1989

Serotonin-like immunoreactive cells in the pulmonary epithelium of ancient fish species.

The pulmonary mucosa of three species of ancient fish was studied immunohistochemically to show the distribution of serotonin, regarded as the main monoamine of mammalian bronchopulmonary paraneurons. Serotonin-like immunoreactive cells, dispersed through the airway epithelium as single cells, were found in all the fish species studied. They are presumably equivalent to the neuroendocrine cells reported in the lungs of mammalian and submammalian vertebrates. However, the precise role and the function of these cells remain unknown. Since the species studied belong to the most primitive extant groups of ancient fish, the present investigation suggests that serotonin is widely distributed in the lungs of the vertebrates. Several peptides, known to be specific cytochemical markers for the identification of the pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of mammals, are being investigated in the lungs of the fish species studied. They may help to trace the phylogeny of the pulmonary neuroendocrine cell system and to elucidate its function in lower vertebrates.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1984

Endocrine-paracrine cells of the prostate and prostatic urethra: an ultrastructural study.

A remarkable morphologic diversity among the endocrine-paracrine (EP) cells of the prostate and prostatic urethra was found in this study. Based on granule morphology, a wide variety of EP cell "types" was discerned, although many intermediate and mixed cells, forming a continuum, were also observed. The EP cells were of both the open (containing luminal borders) and closed types. The latter often had long dendritic processes. Prominent lamellar bodies, possibly representing a form of crinophagy, were present in some EP cells. The variety and morphologic complexity of these prostatic and urethral EP cells suggest that they play an important role in both normal and pathologic conditions.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1988

Localization of pancreastatin immunoreactivity in porcine endocrine cells.

Pancreastatin is a peptide isolated from the porcine pancreas and shown to inhibit insulin release. We have studied the immunocytochemical distribution of pancreastatin in three porcine endocrine tissues: pancreas, gut, and adenohypophysis. Pancreastatin-specific immunoreactivity was found in all three locations and distributed to numerous cells. In the pancreas, we performed the alternate labeling of consecutive thick (immunofluorescence) or thin (protein A-gold) sections and we observed that pancreastatin colocalizes to secretory granules of insulin and somatostatin-containing cells. The relationship of pancreastatin to chromogranin A is discussed.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1989

[A 2-component tumor of the breast with carcinoid syndrome].

The structures of a well-differentiated apudoma were combined with the foci of colloid carcinoma in a mammary gland tumour described. Two types of cells with argyrophil grains are distinguished depending on the argyrophil grain size, localization in the tumour cell cytoplasm and the ability to react with hormonal antisera. The first type cells correspond to the true apudocytes and produce serotonin and beta-endorphine. The smallest silver granules imitate the endocrine granules in the cells of the second type. The peculiar feature of this observation is in its clinical manifestations typical for the carcinoid syndrome.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1986

[Endocrine cells in gastric carcinoma].

A few endocrine cells were observed in 7 of 16 specimens of gastric carcinoma studied by electronmicroscopy. They were closely mixed with other types of tumor cells infiltrating into the stroma. Some endocrine cells contained both neuroendocrine and mucous granules. This conforms well to the hypothesis that the endocrine cells as well as other types of tumor cells in gastric carcinoma, originate from the endoderm. The endocrine cells and other varieties of tumor cells were found in both intestinal and diffuse types of gastric carcinoma. The heterogeneity and histogenesis of gastric carcinoma are discussed.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1986

Hypercalcemia in squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis? Parathyroid or paraendocrine in origin.

Hypercalcemia associated with metastatic cancer may be due to osteolytic invasion or paraendocrine effects of the neoplasm. A patient with refractory hypercalcemia of long duration underwent cervical parathyroid exploration; three glands were found, but hypercalcemia persisted. After localization studies, a fourth gland was uncovered from the mediastinum. Hypercalcemia persisted, and at operation for kidney stones, squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis was discovered, which progressed to cause the patient's death in hypercalcemia.

APUD Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endocrine cells of the internal ear in the normal state and in specific labyrinthine lesion in rabbits].

Using light and electron microscopes, apudocytes of internal ear in normal and syphilis-infected rabbits were examined. Temporal bone blocks were dissected from 16 healthy (control) and 32 infected (experimental) animals. Some of the preparations were hematoxylin and eosin stained for histological examinations; some were silver stained according to Griemelius for histochemical examinations; and others were used to prepare ultrathin sections for electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that apudocytes were normally found in different labyrinthine structures and consistently seen in the vascular stripe. Electron microscopy showed that the vascular stripe included endocrine cells containing secretory granules which are characteristic of serotonin-, melatonin- and catecholamine-producing cells. Apudocytes from the syphilis-infected labyrinth were in the state of hyperfunction: the preparations stained according to Griemelius had lowered quantities of apudocytes and contained light cells with the hormone utilized completely; electron microscopy preparations showed granules in the capillary lumen that were transferred there by exocytosis. These observations give evidence that endocrine cells are involved in processes that develop in internal ear both in the norm and pathology.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1982

Somatostatin: a paracrine contribution to hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Thyroid tissue from 18 consecutive cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis treated surgically were stained immunohistochemically for neurone specific enolase (NSE), somatostatin, calcitonin and thyroglobulin. Cells staining for NSE and somatostatin were present in 14 cases. In four cases large numbers of cells including oxyphil cells stained for NSE. Consecutive sections showed an identical staining pattern of these cells for somatostatin. Sections stained for calcitonin showed few or no positively staining cells. There were moderate numbers of NSE and somatostatin-containing cells in five of the cases, occasional cells in five and none in four cases. Electron microscopy confirmed neurosecretory-like granules within positively staining cells. Somatostatin is known to inhibit T3 and T4 production or release from thyroid cells by a direct action. We suggest, in Hashimoto's disease, somatostatin in paracrine cells serves as a local inhibitory neuroendocrine effector and could be causally related to the hypothyroid state.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1992

[The ultrastructural characteristics of the endocrine cells of the normal murine cecum and in experimental escherichiosis].

Ultrastructural investigations and a quantitative analysis of caecum endocrine cells were performed in the period from 15 minutes to 2 weeks after inoculation, using the model of experimental escherichiosis. The authors identified 5 types of endocrinocytes in the caecum of mice and showed the reaction of these cells: degranulation, extrusion of granules and their accumulation dependent on the time of the exposure.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1985

Neuroendocrine differentiation antigen on human lung carcinoma and Kulchitski cells.

In the normal lung, a subset of cells with a histological appearance consistent with that of Kulchitski cells are the only lung cells reacting with a monoclonal antibody (MOC-1) raised against a human small cell lung carcinoma-derived cell line. Outside the lung, a subset of normal endocrine cells (in the adrenal, thyroid, ovary, and pancreas) as well as neural cells (brain and peripheral Schwann cells) also express the antigen detected by MOC-1 (named MOC-1-related antigen). Some of these positively reacting cells are ectodermally derived, whereas others are of proven endodermal origin, indicating that the MOC-1-related antigen is not a cell lineage-specific antigen. Instead, the common expression of the antigen by cells with a neural, endocrine, or neuroendocrine function suggests that the antigen related to a neuroendocrine differentiation state of these cells. The presence of the MOC-1-related antigen on several non-lung tumors mostly paralleled its normal tissue distribution, indicating that the antigen is generally retained upon malignant transformation. In lung carcinoma, the antigen proves to be present on almost all small cell carcinomas tested. In addition, adenocarcinoma and mixed adenosquamous carcinoma could also express the antigen, whereas pure squamous cell carcinoma generally did not. This finding will be discussed in relation to a proposed "common stem cell" histogenesis of lung carcinoma.

APUD Cells↗