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Results for “systematic analysis”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Injury mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball: a systematic video analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive video analysis. METHODS: Twenty videotapes of anterior cruciate ligament injuries from Norwegian or international competition were collected from 12 seasons (1988-2000). Three medical doctors and 3 national team coaches systematically analyzed these videos to describe the injury mechanisms and playing situations. In addition, 32 anterior cruciate ligament-injured players in the 3 upper divisions in Norwegian team handball were interviewed during the 1998-1999 season to compare the injury characteristics between player recall and the video analysis. RESULTS: Two main injury mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball were identified. The most common (12 of 20 injuries), a plant-and-cut movement, occurred in every case with a forceful valgus and external or internal rotation with the knee close to full extension. The other main injury mechanism (4 of 20 injuries), a 1-legged jump shot landing, occurred with a forceful valgus and external rotation with the knee close to full extension. The results from the video analysis and questionnaire data were similar. CONCLUSIONS: The injury mechanism for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball appeared to be a forceful valgus collapse with the knee close to full extension combined with external or internal rotation of the tibia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A systematic qualitative analysis of psychoeducational interventions for depression in patients with cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether research-based recommendations can be made about the clinical management of depression in patients with cancer. DATA SOURCES: Reports of scientific studies, qualitative or quantitative systematic reviews of scientific studies, and practice guidelines published from 1980-2000. DATA SYNTHESIS: In all, 36 pieces of evidence supported the conclusion that psychoeducational interventions benefit depressive symptoms. Evidence included two well-conducted meta-analyses and nine well-designed randomized clinical trials with large samples (N > 100). With regard to intervention content, 70% of behavior therapy studies and 66% of counseling studies drew conclusions that supported the hypothesis. In addition, 58% of studies that tested behavior therapy or counseling in combination with cancer education had positive results. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence supports the conclusion that psychoeducational interventions reduce depressive symptoms in patients with cancer and that behavior therapy or counseling alone or in combination with cancer education is beneficial. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses can select from a variety of educational, behavioral, and counseling techniques to prevent or manage depression in their patients.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Premature termination of hair follicle morphogenesis and accelerated hair follicle cycling in Iasi congenital atrichia (fzica) mice points to fuzzy as a key element of hair cycle control.

Inbred laboratory mice have proven to be useful model systems for studying hair biology and pathomechanisms of hair loss. Fuzzy (fz) is an autosomal recessive mutation that results in hair coat abnormalities. Though this mutant has long been known, its cutaneous abnormalities still await systematic analysis. Here, we provide a systematic skin phenotype analysis of mice that are homozygous for Iasi congenital atrichia (fzica/fzica), which is allelic to fz. Homozygous mice exhibit a sparse hair coat after birth and completely loose their hair at around postnatal day 120. Although early and mid stages of hair follicle morphogenesis are normal, late hair follicle morphogenesis reveals multifocal cell degeneration within the Huxley layer of the inner root sheath (IRS) and a complete lack of the hair shaft medulla. In addition, hair follicle development is prematurely terminated by induction of the first postnatal hair cycle with premature entry into catagen. Subsequently, a dramatically shortened telogen is immediately followed by premature anagen development, resulting in a marked, generalized acceleration of hair follicle cycling. This suggests that fuzzy is not only involved in structural hair shaft integrity and differentiation of the IRS and medulla, but also plays an important role in the control of hair follicle cycling. Our data show that fuzzy is involved in controlling both catagen and anagen initiation, designating fuzzy an exciting target for characterizing the intracutaneous oscillator system that drives hair follicle cycling.

Alleles↗
PubMed2004

How does the blood leave the brain? A systematic ultrasound analysis of cerebral venous drainage patterns.

The internal jugular veins are considered to be the main pathways of cerebral blood drainage. However, angiographic and anatomical studies show a wide anatomical variability and varying degrees of jugular and non-jugular venous drainage. The study systematically analyses the types and prevalence of human cerebral venous outflow patterns by ultrasound and MRI. Fifty healthy volunteers (21 females; 29 males; mean age 27+/-7 years) were studied by color-coded duplex sonography. Venous blood volume flow was measured in both internal jugular and vertebral veins in the supine position. Furthermore, the global arterial cerebral blood volume flow was calculated as the sum of volume flows in both internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Three types of venous drainage patterns were defined: a total jugular volume flow of more than 2/3 (type 1), between 1/3 and 2/3 (type 2) and less than 1/3 (type 3) of the global arterial blood flow. 2D TOF MR-venography was performed exemplarily in one subject with type-1 and in two subjects with type-3 drainage. Type-1 drainage was present in 36 subjects (72%), type 2 in 11 subjects (22%) and type 3 in 3 subjects (6%). In the majority of subjects in our study population, the internal jugular veins were indeed the main drainage vessels in the supine body position. However, a predominantly non-jugular drainage pattern was found in approximately 6% of subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of systematic and random error in MR volumetric flow measurements.

The spatial aspects of error in 2D MR cine phase-velocity mapping are considered in order to define acquisition strategies which will minimize error in measuring volumetric flow. Error was separated into two categories: systematic and random. Potential sources of systematic error examined were intravoxel phase dispersion (IVPD), partial volume effects, misalignment of flow axis and flow-encoding gradients, and improper choice of vessel voxels for flux calculations. Random error was addressed using analysis of propagation of variance. Analytical expressions for sources of error were derived; and computer models were used to test the analytical models. Flow phantom studies examining error in MR volumetric flow measurements were performed and compared with error predicted by the analytical models. Expected error in several clinical situations of interest was then derived to find appropriate acquisition strategies. Spatial resolution, signal to noise ratio, velocity sensitivity and the ratio of the modulus of moving isochromats to that of static isochromats were found to be the most important parameters in controlling error and were found to cause competing effects with respect to systematic and random error.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2006

Pharyngeal anesthesia during sedated EGDs: is "the spray" beneficial? A meta-analysis and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Pharyngeal anesthesia is widely used as an adjunct to sedation during upper endoscopy. Methemoglobinemia and anaphylactic reactions are rare but serious complications of topical anesthetic agents. Individual studies produce variable results about the effectiveness of pharyngeal anesthesia in improving patient tolerance. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharyngeal anesthesia in improving patient tolerance and ease of endoscopy during sedated upper endoscopy. DESIGN: A MEDLINE search, an EMBASE search, and manual searches were performed to identify pertinent English language articles. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing the efficacy of pharyngeal anesthesia to placebo or no treatment were identified. Duplicate data extraction about patient tolerance of the procedure and endoscopist assessment regarding the ease of endoscopy was performed. RESULTS: From a pool of 53 studies, 5 RCTs evaluated a total of 491 patients and provided interpretable data. Patients who rated their discomfort during the sedated procedure as none/minimal were more likely to have received pharyngeal anesthesia (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-3.12). Endoscopists were more likely to rate the procedure as "not difficult" for patients who received pharyngeal anesthesia (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.63-4.17). LIMITATIONS: Lack of standardized outcome measurements and standardized sedation strategies led to heterogeneity in the patient-tolerance portion of the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Pharyngeal anesthesia before upper endoscopy improves ease of endoscopy and also improves patient tolerance.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1991

A systematic mutational analysis of hormone-binding determinants in the human growth hormone receptor.

A mutational strategy is presented that allowed us to identify hormone-binding determinants in the extracellular portion of the human growth hormone receptor (hGHbp), a 238-residue protein with sequence homology to a number of cytokine receptors. By systematically replacing side chains with alanine we probed the importance of charged residues (49 total, typically located on the surface), aromatic residues (9 total), and neighbors of these (26 total). The alanine substitutions that were most disruptive to hormone binding are located predominantly in four segments of a cysteine-rich domain in the hGHbp, and collectively they form a patch when mapped upon a structural model proposed for cytokine receptors. Control experiments with monoclonal antibodies confirmed that most of these alanine substitutions do not disrupt the overall antigenic structure of the hGHbp. This high-resolution functional analysis will complement structural studies and provides a powerful basis for evaluating and engineering the energetics of hormone-receptor interactions. Moreover, the hormone-binding determinants identified here may be similarly located in other, homologous, receptors.

Alanine↗
PubMed2026

High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Versus Conventional Oxygen Therapy and Non-Invasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the use of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) with conventional oxygen therapy (COT) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in the emergency department (ED). A comprehensive search of relevant sources was undertaken. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing adult patients (≥ 18 years) treated in the ED for ARF and comparing HFNO to COT/NIV were included. The primary outcome was the need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (IMV). Secondary outcomes included physiological and biochemical parameters, ICU admission, hospital length of stay, dyspnoea scores and mortality. A total of 17 RCTs (1955 patients) were included. There was a significant reduction in IMV favouring the HFNO group compared to COT and NIV (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.88). HFNO showed significant improvements in RR, SpO2, PaO2 and Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale. Subgroup analysis showed reduced rates of IMV with HFNO compared to COT (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.91), but not compared to NIV (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.42-1.14). HFNO additionally showed a reduction of IMV compared to NIV and COT in undifferentiated patients (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.93), but not in exacerbations of COPD or acute heart failure. Ten of the 17 studies had at least some concern for risk of bias, with several analyses having notable heterogeneity. HFNO showed a significant reduction in rates of IMV, improvement in peripheral oxygen saturations, PaO2, respiratory rate and patient dyspnoea scores compared to COT and NIV.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Systematic functional analysis of the yeast genome.

The genome sequence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has provided the first complete inventory of the working parts of a eukaryotic cell. The challenge is now to discover what each of the gene products does and how they interact in a living yeast cell. Systematic and comprehensive approaches to the elucidation of yeast gene function are discussed and the prospects for the functional genomics of eukaryotic organisms evaluated.

Genetic Techniques↗
PubMed2026

Joint association of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the joint association of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among adults. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for English studies published between January 2010 and February 2025 that examined the joint association of PA and SB (fatal and non-fatal) CVD among adults and pooled their results through meta-analyses using study-level data. Using findings from 17 studies, the pooled effect size for the lowest PA + highest SB group was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.59-2.00), suggesting increased risk for CVD compared with the reference group (i.e. highest PA + lowest SB). Compared with the same reference group, we found an increased risk for CVD in the lowest PA + lowest SB (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.40) and the highest PA + highest SB (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.27) groups. Subgroup analyses according to domains or types of PA and SB exposure, outcome measures, and exposure measurement method revealed a similar pattern. In conclusion, individuals with the lowest PA combined with the highest SB may experience an increased risk for CVD events compared with those with the highest PA and lowest SB. There was also an increased risk for individuals with a combination of either low PA + low SB and high PA + high SB, albeit to a lesser extent. Although substantial study-level heterogeneity exists, the results highlight the potential value of considering both behaviours jointly in relation to CVD risk.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Systematic mutation analysis of the catechol O-methyltransferase gene as a candidate gene for schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) is involved in the degradation of catecholamine neurotransmitters. Recent linkage studies of schizophrenia and molecular studies of velocardiofacial syndrome suggest that the COMT gene might be a candidate gene for schizophrenia. METHOD: The authors systematically searched for mutations and microdeletion of the COMT gene in 177 Chinese schizophrenic patients from Taiwan; 99 comparison subjects were also studied. RESULTS: Five molecular variants were identified: c.186C > T at exon 3, c.408C > G at exon 4, c.472G > A at exon 4, c.597G > A at exon 5, and c.821-827insC at the 3' untranslated region. However, no differences in the genotype and haplotype frequencies of these molecular variants between the schizophrenic and comparison subjects were detected. Furthermore, no microdeletion was identified among the patients. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the COMT gene does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and the genotypic overlap between schizophrenia and velocardiofacial syndrome was rare in this cohort.

Catechol O-Methyltransferase↗
PubMed2002

[Genetics and arterial hypertension: 3 approaches to decode a complex disease].

Human arterial hypertension is a complex trait, partly determined by genetic factors. From the analysis of familial studies, it has been estimated that approximately 30% of the blood pressure variance within a population was of genetic origin. Three main types of human studies have been undertaken to try to identify susceptibility genes to hypertension. The first one corresponds to the systematic analysis of the so-called candidate genes, i.e. genes encoding proteins, enzymes, receptors, which are known to belong to pathways controlling blood pressure. Up to now, the most interesting results have been obtained on genes encoding the renin angiotensin system, the a adducin, the G protein subunit beta 3, and adrenergic receptors. The genome wide scan approach corresponds to a systematic analysis of evenly spaced markers throughout the genome in sibling pairs or in more complex families. This second strategy has shown that there was not a single locus that was regularly found by several studies, but rather several possible loci which most often have not been replicated from one study to another one. Among those, the long arm of the human chromosome 17 (17q12-q21) is in synteny with a blood pressure locus found in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The third approach, up to now the most successful, corresponds to the identification of major genes involved in rare Mendelian forms of hypertension. For example, genes responsible for Liddle syndrome, glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism, apparent mineralocorticoid excess have been characterized and have demonstrated the importance of sodium and water homeostasis in blood pressure control.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Minimizing false positives in kinase virtual screens.

In spite of recent improvements in docking and scoring methods, high false-positive rates remain a common issue in structure-based virtual screening. In this study, the distinctive features of false positives in kinase virtual screens were investigated. A series of retrospective virtual screens on kinase targets was performed on specifically designed test sets, each combining true ligands and experimentally confirmed inactive compounds. A systematic analysis of the docking poses generated for the top-ranking compounds highlighted key aspects differentiating true hits from false positives. The most recurring feature in the poses of false positives was the absence of certain key interactions known to be required for kinase binding. A systematic analysis of 444 crystal structures of ligand-bound kinases showed that at least two hydrogen bonds between the ligand and the backbone protein atoms in the kinase hinge region are present in 90% of the complexes, with very little variability across targets. Closer inspection showed that when the two hydrogen bonds are present, one of three preferred hinge-binding motifs is involved in 96.5% of the cases. Less than 10% of the false positives satisfied these two criteria in the minimized docking poses generated by our standard protocol. Ligand conformational artifacts were also shown to contribute to the occurrence of false positives in a number of cases. Application of this knowledge in the form of docking constraints and post-processing filters provided consistent improvements in virtual screening performance on all systems. The false-positive rates were significantly reduced and the enrichment factors increased by an average of twofold. On the basis of these results, a generalized two-step protocol for virtual screening on kinase targets is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Systematic mutation analysis of the human glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 1 gene(GRIN1) in schizophrenic patients.

Schizophrenia is a severe, complex mental disorder with unknown etiology. Abnormal glutamate neurotransmission has been proposed as one of the hypotheses of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Mohn recently reported that transgenic mice with the reduced glutamate receptor, ionotropic, -methyl-D-aspartate 1 gene (GRIN1) (formerly referred to as NMDAR1) expression display schizophrenia-like behaviors, which can be ameliorated by antipsychotic drug treatment. Their report promoted us to examine whether mutations in the human GRIN1 gene may convey genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. To test this possibility, we systematically screened mutations in the promoter region and in all the exons of the human GRIN1 gene in a cohort of Chinese schizophrenic patients from Taiwan. Using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and autosequencing, we identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms, designated g.-1140G>A and g.-855G>C, respectively, at the 5'-untranslated region of the human GRIN1 gene. Genetic association study, however, revealed no association of these two single nucleotide polymorphisms with schizophrenia in our patients. Besides, no other mutations of the human GRIN1 gene were detected in this study. Our data suggest that the human GRIN1 gene may not contribute substantially to the genetic etiology of schizophrenia in our population.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Peptomics, identification of novel cationic Arabidopsis peptides with conserved sequence motifs.

Few plant peptides involved in intercellular communication have been experimentally isolated. Sequence analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome has revealed numerous transmembrane receptors predicted to bind proteinacious ligands, emphasizing the importance of identifying peptides with signaling function. Annotation of the Arabidopsis genome sequence has made it possible to identify peptide-encoding genes. However, such annotational identification is impeded because small genes are poorly predicted by gene-prediction algorithms, thus prompting the alternative approaches described here. We initially performed a systematic analysis of short polypeptides encoded by annotated genes on two Arabidopsis chromosomes using SignalP to identify potentially secreted peptides. Subsequent homology searches with selected, putatively secreted peptides, led to the identification of a potential, large Arabidopsis family of 34 genes. The predicted peptides are characterized by a conserved C-terminal sequence motif and additional primary structure conservation in a core region. The majority of these genes had not previously been annotated. A subset of the predicted peptides show high overall sequence similarity to Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF), a peptide isolated from tobacco. We therefore refer to this peptide family as RALFL for RALF-Like. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that several of the Arabidopsis genes are expressed and that their expression patterns vary. The identification of a large gene family in the genome of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrates that a combination of systematic analysis and homology searching can contribute to peptide discovery.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Systems approach to instrumenting and controlling plant growth systems.

Acquisition and analysis of sensory information are foremost for the control and continued operation of any complex system. The sensors and their attributes must be selected by understanding the biological and physical parameters which, first, can describe, and second, when linked to control systems, can modulate, the plant growth system. These parameters are not all understood, or known, and practical sensors may not even exist for their measurement. A systematic analysis of the general plant system would: focus without prejudice on all the descriptive parameters, as well as, their interrelationships within the biophysical system; highlight the significance of each parameter; expose the areas of weakness and strength of current knowledge; expand the knowledge base; provide the platform for the development of operational models for real-time monitoring and control requirements; and support the longer term tactical and strategic planning needs. Components of such a procedure of systematic analysis which is in development for intensive plant production systems within controlled environments will be discussed.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1994

[Reading of articles concerning treatment of acute phase of myocardial infarction].

The number of articles concerning the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is large, and systematic analysis can improve the comprehension of their results. The object of this paper is to propose a method of classifying these articles with respect to their qualities and defects in order to orient workers towards the use of the most satisfactory articles for bibliographic purposes. The questions that have to be addressed are: what is the object of the study; is the instrument of measurement adapted to the objective of the study; which patients were studied; was the study performed with a double-blind protocol; what was the number of cases and does this number allow a valid response to the question; what was the plan of the study; what were the judgement criteria and what significance can be accorded to these criteria, and finally, what was the type of analysis, were there analyses of sub-groups, and if so, are the analyses pertinent. Based on examples in the literature, the authors justify why these questions should be asked and how the responses to these questions influence the judgement of a given article. In conclusion, the quality of therapeutic trials in acute myocardial infarction is very variable: systematic analysis allows them to be classified in a subjective scale of quality.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Post-translational modifications and their biological functions: proteomic analysis and systematic approaches.

Recently produced information on post-translational modifications makes it possible to interpret their biological regulation with new insights. Various protein modifications finely tune the cellular functions of each protein. Understanding the relationship between post-translational modifications and functional changes ("post-translatomics") is another enormous project, not unlike the human genome project. Proteomics, combined with separation technology and mass spectrometry, makes it possible to dissect and characterize the individual parts of post-translational modifications and provide a systemic analysis. Systemic analysis of post-translational modifications in various signaling pathways has been applied to illustrate the kinetics of modifications. Availability will advance new technologies that improve sensitivity and peptide coverage. The progress of "post-translatomics", novel analytical technologies that are rapidly emerging, offer a great potential for determining the details of the modification sites.

Animals↗