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Results for “computational design”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Computer-assisted Design (CAD) Operators and Evaluation of a Self-assessment Questionnaire.

A self-administered questionnaire with questions related to the physical workload at video display units (VDUs) was tested for intra- and intermethod reliability among 36 men and 64 women working with research and documentation. The results showed an acceptable test-retest agreement. The answers to three questions were validated by direct measurements: the locations of keyboard and mouse on the table, and the distance between elbow and keyboard heights when working. The self-reported locations of keyboard and mouse showed good agreement with the direct measurements. A revised version of the questionnaire was used at a telecommunication laboratory to study work postures and musculoskeletal symptoms. Among CAD operators with identical work tasks, the women (n = 67) reported a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms than did the men (n = 475). Calculated prevalence rate ratios (women/men) for musculoskeletal symptoms ranged from 1.4 (low back) to 3.4 (left elbow). The CAD operators with at least 5.6 hours of mouse use/week (median) reported more symptoms in the arms than did the CAD operators with fewer hours' work. Operators with the mouse located outside an "optimal" area on the table reported more symptoms from shoulder joints (upper arms), shoulders (scapular), elbows, and wrists than did operators with the optimal mouse location. Thus, long hours of work with the mouse, as well as working with the mouse non-optimally located on the table, seemed to be risk factors for upper-limb symptoms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Measuring study time distributions: implications for designing computer-based courses.

In both traditional lecture-test courses and courses delivered over the World-Wide Web (WWW), both beginning and experienced college students reported studying almost exclusively just before exams. Automatic measures (computer records, WWW page hits, and electronic mail archives) confirmed the self-reported distributions of study times. Weekly deadlines produced weekly volleys of taking on-line quizzes, a pattern that was reflected in self-reports of study times. However, on-line study materials were used primarily for review for regularly scheduled in-class exams. Thus, regardless of course format, students engaged in massed practice and did not experience study aids at appropriate times. Computer technology provides new forms of learning for students, as well as opportunities for instructors to observe patterns of student study time. Management of instructional contingencies will be necessary to bring students into contact with the rich cognitive aids enabled by technology.

Behavior↗
PubMed2001

A methodological tool for computer-assisted surgery interface design: its application to computer-assisted pericardial puncture.

Computer Assisted Surgery systems are becoming more and more prevalent. Design processes currently used, pay only a small attention to the surgeon's interaction. To address this lack in design, we propose the OP-a-S notation: OP-a-S modeling of a system adopts an interaction-centered point of view and highlights the links between the real world and the virtual world. Based on an OP-a-S modeling, predictive usability analysis can be performed by considering the ergonomic property. We illustrate our method on the retro-design of a computer assisted surgical application, CASPER.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of experimental and computational functional group mapping of an RNase A structure: implications for computer-aided drug design.

One relatively new computational approach to the drug discovery process involves calculating functional group maps of a target structure. Experimental functional group mapping techniques have also recently emerged. In this paper, the structure of RNase A with two bound formates (i.e. carboxylate functionalities) is used as a model system to test the computational methodology. Functional group maps of the RNase A structure were calculated using the Multiple Copy Simultaneous Search (MCSS) method and compared with experimentally determined formate and water positions. The calculations indicate that the protonation state of active-site histidines determines the ability of the enzyme to bind formate. The results also suggest an ordered binding mechanism for the two formates. An improved strategy for using the MCSS method to design new candidate ligands is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Markovian chemicals "in silico" design (MARCH-INSIDE), a promising approach for computer aided molecular design II: experimental and theoretical assessment of a novel method for virtual screening of fasciolicides.

A novel method for in silico selection of fluckicidal drugs is introduced. Two QSARs that permit us to discriminate between fasciolicide and non-fasciolicide drugs (the first) and to outline some conclusions about the possible mechanism of action of a chemical (the second) are performed. The first model correctly classified 93.85% of compounds in the training series and 89.5% of the compounds in the predicting one. This model correctly classified 87.7, 93.8, 92.2 and 93.9% of compounds in leave- n-out cross validation procedures when n takes values from 2 to until 6. The model seems to be stable in around 92% of good classification in leave- n-out cross validation analysis when n>6. The second model correctly classified 70% of non-fasciolicide compounds, 85.71% of beta-tubulin inhibitors and 100% of proton ionophores in the training set. This model recognizes as proton ionophores 100% of any nitrosalicylanilides in the predicting series. Both models have a low p-level <0.05. Finally, the experimental assay of six organic chemicals by an in vivo test permit us to carry out an assessment of the model with a fairly good 100% agreement between experiment and theoretical prediction.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Improving the fit of press-fit hip stems.

The implant-bone fit is critical to the longevity of press-fit total hips. Maximum contact on the internal cortical bone surface, especially proximally, produces more normal strain values and reduces micromotion and sinkage. Stem design computer software was developed to design both individualized hip stems that maximize implant-bone contact for a unique anatomy, and average anatomic hip stems in which the mean error of fit is minimized for many patients. Cadaver femurs were used to test the following two hypotheses: (1) Average anatomic stems, designed using the optimal-fit software for an average femoral geometry, improve implant-bone fit when compared with standard stems; and (2) Individualized optimal-fit stems provide an even better fit than average anatomic stems. Results showed that the average anatomical stems fit better than the standard stems. However, the individualized hip stems, designed from individual three-dimensional geometry data, fit the best.

Aged↗