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PubMed2007

Deficiency in thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) protected mice from ferric chloride-induced vena cava thrombosis.

Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a plasma carboxypeptidase that renders a fibrin-containing thrombus less sensitive to lysis. Since the role of TAFI in thrombus formation is still controversial in mice, our present study was designed to evaluate mice deficient in TAFI (TAFI(-/-)) on FeCl(3)-induced vena cava and carotid artery thrombosis. Parallel studies were carried out in wild-type mice using a potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (PCI), a selective inhibitor of activated TAFI (TAFIa). Significant reduction in thrombus formation was observed in TAFI(-/-) mice (n = 8, P < 0.05 compared to wild-type littermates) but not in heterozygous (TAFI(+/-)) mice in 3.5% FeCl(3)-induced vena cava thrombosis. A similar effect was observed following treatment with 5 mg/kg bolus plus 5 mg/kg/h PCI in the same venous thrombosis model in C57BL/6 mice (n = 8, P < 0.01 compared to vehicle). No compositional difference was observed for the venous thrombi in TAFI(-/-) and wild-type littermates with or without PCI treatment using histological assessment. In contrast, neither TAFI deficiency nor treatment with PCI showed antithrombotic efficacy in the 3.5% FeCl(3)-induced carotid artery thrombosis model. In a tail transection bleeding time model, both TAFI deficiency and PCI treatment increased bleeding time up to 4.5 and 3.5 times, respectively, over controls (P < 0.05, n = 8). Similar ex vivo fibrinolytic activities were demonstrated for both TAFI deficiency and PCI treatment as enhanced lysis of thrombin-induced plasma clots and lysis of whole blood clot in a thrombelastograph. These data provide direct evidence for the role of TAFIa in vena cava thrombosis without the addition of exogenous thrombolytic in mice. The strong ex vivo fibrinolytic activity of TAFI deficiency or TAFIa inhibition by PCI provides a biomarker of TAFIa inhibition that tracks in vivo antithrombotic efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Luminescent Ag i-Cu i heterometallic hexa-, octa-, and hexadecanuclear alkynyl complexes.

A series of Ag(I)-Cu(I) heteronuclear alkynyl complexes were prepared by reaction of polymeric (MCCC(6)H(4)R-4)(n)() (M = Cu(I) or Ag(I); R = H, CH(3), OCH(3), NO(2), COCH(3)) with [M'(2)(mu-Ph(2)PXPPh(2))(2)(MeCN)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (M' = Ag(I) or Cu(I); X = NH or CH(2)). Heterohexanuclear complexes [Ag(4)Cu(2)(mu-Ph(2)PNHPPh(2))(4)(CCC(6)H(4)R-4)(4)](ClO(4))(2) (R = H, 1; CH(3), 2) were afforded when X = NH, and heterooctanuclear complexes [Ag(6)Cu(2)(micro-Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2))(3)(CCC(6)H(4)R-4)(6)(MeCN)](ClO(4))(2) (R = H, 3; CH(3), 4; OCH(3), 5; NO(2), 6) were isolated when X = CH(2). Self-assembly reaction between (MCCC(6)H(4)COCH(3)-4)(n) and [M'(2)(mu-Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2))(2)(MeCN)(2)](ClO(4))(2), however, gave heterohexadecanuclear complex [Ag(6)Cu(2)(micro-Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2))(3)(CCC(6)H(4)COCH(3)-4)(6)](2)(ClO(4))(4) (7). The heterohexanuclear complexes 1 and 2 show a bicapped cubic skeleton (Ag(4)Cu(2)C(4)) consisting of four Ag(I) and two Cu(I) atoms and four acetylide C donors. The heterooctanuclear complexes 3-6 exhibit a waterwheel-like structure that can be regarded as two Ag(3)Cu(CCC(6)H(5))(3) components put together by three bridging Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2) ligands. The heterohexadecanuclear complex 7 can be viewed as a dimer of heterooctanuclear complex [Ag(6)Cu(2)(micro-Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2))(3)(CCC(6)H(4)COCH(3)-4)(6)](ClO(4))(2) through the silver and acetyl oxygen (Ag-O = 2.534 (4) A) linkage between two waterwheel-like Ag(6)Cu(2) units. All of the complexes show intense luminescence in the solid states and in fluid solutions. The microsecond scale of lifetimes in the solid state at 298 K reveals that the emission is phosphorescent in nature. The emissive state in compounds 1-5 is likely derived from a (3)LMCT (CCC(6)H(4)R-4 --> Ag(4)Cu(2) or Ag(6)Cu(2)) transition, mixed with a metal cluster-centered (d --> s) excited state. The lowest lying excited state in compounds 6 and 7 containing electron-deficient 4-nitrophenylacetylide and 4-acetylphenylacetylide, respectively, however, is likely dominated by an intraligand (3)[pi --> pi] character.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Enhanced in vitro proliferation of aortic endothelial cells from plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-deficient mice.

A number of studies have identified a role for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in regulating angiogenesis, although results from these investigations have been controversial. Among key cellular components of an angiogenic vessel are endothelial cells (ECs), which are known to express several components of the fibrinolytic system, including PAI-1. Thus, alterations in expression of this protein may have direct effects on cell functions involved in vascular development. In this study, ECs were isolated from sections of murine arterial trees from wild-type and PAI-1-deficient mice, and low passage (passages 3-4) homogeneous subpopulations of these cells were obtained by immunomagnetic absorption to antibodies against CD105/CD106. The homogeneity of these cells was further assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of a number of EC markers. Comparative analyses of EC proliferation (one event associated with angiogenesis) in wild-type and PAI-1-deficient ECs demonstrated enhanced rates of cell growth for PAI-1-deficient cells relative to wild-type cells. Additional studies demonstrated similar levels of both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein and enhanced levels of VEGF receptor-1 (Flt-1) mRNA in PAI-1-deficient cells relative to wild-type cells. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that phosphorylation of Akt was also enhanced in PAI-1-deficient cells, implicating VEGF-induced cell signaling alterations in PAI-1-deficient cells, the result of which may contribute to alterations in cell proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of dietary zinc and cadmium on tissue selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in rats fed DL-selenomethionine or sodium selenite.

The effects of dietary zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) on tissue selenium (Se) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were studied in weanling male Wistar rats. One group of rats was fed a purified diet based on casein and sucrose, and the other rats used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatment were fed this diet supplemented with 0.1 mg Se/kg, either as DL-selenomethionine or sodium selenite and plus 100 mg Zn/kg as zinc sulfate or 5 mg Cd/kg as cadmium chloride or both for 4 weeks. Se concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, muscle, heart, and liver were significantly elevated by Zn. Cd significantly decreased Se concentration in muscle. Addition of Zn to the diets markedly increased (p less than 0.001) hepatic GSH-Px activity. However, Cd in the diets produced a significant increase (p less than 0.001) in erythrocyte GSH-Px activity. These results indicate that Zn level of marginal deficiency (8.6 mg/kg diet) can decrease Se availability and a small excess of Zn increases Se availability for hepatic GSH-Px activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Exploration on the common characters of sub-healthy people based on clinical epidemiology].

OBJECTIVE: To study the common characters of sub-healthy people. METHODS: Questionnaire of clinical epidemiological investigation was adopted in the sub-healthy people. RESULTS: The commonest symptoms and their frequency in sub-healthy people were fatigue 78.7%, poor quality of sleep 73.4%, amnesia 59.9%, fatigue irrelievable after rest 59.1%, dry throat 59.0%, dizziness 58.6%, dry and xerotic eyes 58.3%, ache with distension eyes 57.8%, ache 56.4%, early awakening 52.7%, difficulty in falling asleep 52.5%, irritability 51.8%, etc. The commonest risk factors were lack of relaxation 60.4%, lack of physical exercise 58.0%, working with frequent extra shifts 56.7%, air pollution 56.2%, noise pollution 51.3%, etc. The commonest syndrome types in sub-healthy people were insufficiency of Pi-qi type 10.2%, Gan-qi stagnation and Pi deficiency type 10.1%, deficiency of Xin and Pi type 9.7 %, retention of dampness due to Pi-deficiency type 7.4% and qi deficiency type 4.2%, et al. CONCLUSION: The commonest symptoms in sub-healthy people are fatigue, poor quality of sleep, amnesia, irrelievable fatigue after taking rest, dry throat, dizziness, dry and xeritic eyes, ache with distension in eyes, ache, early awakening, difficulty in falling asleep, irritability, etc. The commonest risk factors are lack of relaxation and physical exercise, working with frequent shift, air and noise pollution. The commonest syndromes of sub-healthy people are insufficiency of Pi-qi type, Gan qi stagnation and Pi deficiency type, deficiency of Xin and Pi type, retention of dampness due to Pi deficiency type, qi deficiency type. These provides evidence for prevention and treatment of sub-health with TCM.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Inheritance and bleeding in factor XI deficiency.

A study of 20 Jewish and four non-Jewish kindreds transmitting factor XI deficiency (164 individuals) confirmed inheritance to be autosomal with severe deficiency in homozygotes (mean factor XI level 3.8 u/dl, SD 2.91) and partial deficiency in heterozygotes (mean factor XI level 57 u/dl, SD 10.42; normal mean factor XI level 96 u/dl, SD 11.6). The probability of an individual being heterozygous can be predicted from the factor XI level using a graph derived from this data. The accuracy is increased by including the prior probability derived from the pedigree. A high frequency of heterozygote to heterozygote mating was observed in the Jewish families consistent with an estimated gene frequency of 13.4% in this racial group. The relationship between factor XI level and bleeding tendency is poor; a third of heterozygotes had bled excessively after surgery, including six with factor XI levels above 50 u/dl, showing this condition to have clear signs of expression in heterozygotes. The lower limit of the normal range (2 SDs from the mean) was found to be 72 u/dl.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Phenotype and genotype analyses of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in Taiwanese.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is the most common inherited urea cycle disorder. It is an X-linked semidominant disease with variable severity affecting both males and females. The characteristics and course have not been assessed in Taiwanese. This study analyzed the phenotype and genotype of OTC deficiency in Taiwanese. METHODS: During the period from January 1993 to December 2001 inclusive, 8 patients had the diagnosis of OTC deficiency by the criteria of hyperammonemia, hypocitrullinemia, and orotic aciduria. All 10 exons of the OTC gene were analyzed for mutations. RESULTS: Among the 8 cases, 3 belonged to the early-onset group (initial symptoms before or equal to age 28 days) and 5 belonged to the late-onset group (median onset age, 18 months; range, 8 months to 52 years). One case in the former group, and 4 cases in the latter group survived (mean survival, 8.2 years; range, 3 to 16 years). The average time between initial symptoms and diagnosis was 60 months in the late-onset group. Analysis of the OTC genes detected 5 different mutations in 5 patients, including 3 novel mutations: 42delT, 652G>A, and 791C>A. IQ tests, conducted in 3 patients, revealed low scores (mean, 53; range, 40 to 72). CONCLUSIONS: Both early-onset and late-onset cases of OTC deficiency were identified in Taiwanese. The diagnosis was delayed in these patients, and their outcomes were poor. All mutations detected were different and most of them have not been reported in other populations, which may explain the variability of phenotypes in Taiwanese patients.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Increased sphingomyelin content impairs HDL biogenesis and maturation in human Niemann-Pick disease type B.

We previously reported that human Niemann-Pick Disease type B (NPD-B) is associated with low HDL. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiology of this HDL deficiency by examining both HDL samples from NPD-B patients and nascent high density lipoprotein (LpA-I) generated by incubation of lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with NPD-B fibroblasts. Interestingly, both LpA-I and HDL isolated from patient plasma had a significant increase in sphingomyelin (SM) mass ( approximately 50-100%). Analysis of LCAT kinetics parameters (V(max) and K(m)) revealed that either LpA-I or plasma HDL from NPD-B, as well as reconstituted HDL enriched with SM, exhibited severely decreased LCAT-mediated cholesterol esterification. Importantly, we documented that SM enrichment of NPD-B LpA-I was not attributable to increased cellular mass transfer of SM or unesterified cholesterol to lipid-free apoA-I. Finally, we obtained evidence that the conditioned medium from HUVEC, THP-1, and normal fibroblasts, but not NPD-B fibroblasts, contained active secretory sphingomyelinase (S-SMase) that mediated the hydrolysis of [(3)H]SM-labeled LpA-I and HDL(3). Furthermore, expression of mutant SMase (DeltaR608) in CHO cells revealed that DeltaR608 was synthesized normally but had defective secretion and activity. Our data suggest that defective S-SMase in NPD leads to SM enrichment of HDL that impairs LCAT-mediated nascent HDL maturation and contributes to HDL deficiency. Thus, S-SMase and LCAT may act in concert and play a crucial role in the biogenesis and maturation of nascent HDL particles.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Influence of azathioprine on the ferrokinetics of patients with renal failure before and after treatment with erythropoietin.

In 16 patients (9 on azathioprine, 7 not) the ineffective iron turnover (IIT) was much higher in the azathioprine group (62.7 +/- 6.7 vs. 23.5 +/- 3.5 mumol/l blood/day, p < 0.0001, 2-tailed t test), though the red cell iron turnover (RCIT) was similar (42.8 +/- 2.9 vs. 41 +/- 4.8). Erythropoietin improved the anaemia in all patients and raised the RCIT (4 still on azathioprine to 72.2 +/- 9.8, p < 0.003; 7 non-azathioprine patients to 62.7 +/- 5.3, p < 0.01); the IIT remained higher in the azathioprine-treated (85.5 +/- 19.3 vs. 37.1 +/- 5.4; p < 0.013). In 2 patients who discontinued azathioprine, the IIT declined markedly to normal. In summary, azathioprine exacerbates the anaemia of renal failure by augmenting ineffective erythropoiesis, while erythropoietin benefits those on azathioprine as much as other renal patients by stimulating both effective and ineffective erythropoiesis.

Anemia↗
PubMed2003

[Prothrombin deficiency resulted from a homozygous Glu29 to Gly mutation in the prothrombin gene].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene mutations in a pedigree with inherited prothrombin (FII) deficiency. METHODS: The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), FII activity (FII:C) and FII antigen (FII:Ag) test were used for phenotype diagnosis. The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the propositus. All the 14 exons, intron/exon boundaries and the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of the prothrombin gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were screened by direct sequencing and the mutations detected were further confirmed by restricted enzyme digestion. One hundred and three healthy blood donors were used as controls. RESULTS: The phenotype of the propositus was prothrombin deficiency (type I). With reference to the prothrombin nucleotide sequence published by Degen & Dacie, three variations were found in the FII gene of the propositus. Among them, the novel mutation was a homozygous A601G subtitution in exon 2. CONCLUSION: The prothrombin deficiency of the propositus is caused by a homozygous Glu29 to Gly mutation in the prothrombin gene.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed2025

Comprehensive assessment of homologous recombination deficiency via simultaneous methylation and mutation analysis in epithelial ovarian cancer: implications for PARP inhibitors efficacy.

BACKGROUND: The advent of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) over the past decade has significantly altered the management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We proposed that the etiology of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) might underlie the variable responses to PARPi observed across patient populations. METHODS: As part of the phase 2 study of the Chinese HRD Harmonization Project, we developed a genomic methylation sequencing (GM-seq) pipeline facilitated by the TET enzyme for the simultaneous identification of methylated modifications and genetic variations in EOC tumor samples, and compared with established DNA sequencing-based HRD assays. RESULTS: Somatic mutation and HRD scores were confounded by low tumor purity in our cohort of 98 locally advanced/advanced EOC patients. In samples with tumor purity&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;30% (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;45), the GM-seq pipeline showed high consistency with DNA sequencing-based HRD assay, identifying genetic variations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and HRD score with 92.6% (25/27) and 97.1% (33/34) consistency respectively, in addition to conducting methylation profiling. Moreover, different underlying mechanisms of HRD were associated with varying degrees of PARPi efficacy, with BRCA1/2 LOH group having the best efficacy (median PFS, undefined), followed by BRCA1 methylation group (median PFS, 23.4 months), and those with unknown etiology of HRD having the worst efficacy (median PFS, 8.8 months, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the importance of considering HRD etiology when evaluating PARPi efficacy in EOC patients. The GM-seq pipeline, represents a significant advancement in HRD detection, enabling more accurate predictions of PARPi response.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)↗
PubMed1999

[Vegetables rich in carotenoids on the vitamin A status of children].

Vitamin A (VA) deficiency is still an important nutritional problem in our country. In order to determine whether plant carotenoids ingestion can improve VA nutrition, a study by using yellow and dark green vegetables was conducted in two classes of a kindergarten for ten weeks in September through December in 1996. The VA nutritional status was marginal to adequate among 41 children (5.3-6.6 year-old), and serum retinols in 39% of these children were below 0.30 mg/L. Each child in class A was provided with about 238 g/d of green and yellow vegetables (spinach, Chinese chive, carrots, and red yams) and 34 g/d of light colored vegetables (cabbage, Chinese cabbage, potato, cucumber, turnip and winter melon). Each child in class B consumed the usual diet with only 56 g/d of green and yellow vegetables and 193 g/d of light colored vegetables. Serum retinol concentration collected before and after the intervention were used to assess VA nutritional status. The results showed that vitamin A nutrition was improved by increasing the intake of green and yellow vegetables. Serum retinol was sustained in the group fed green and yellow vegetables and decreased in the group fed light colored vegetables. Thus, dietary green and yellow vegetables could provide adequate VA nutrition in these children.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed2002

AFP(+), ESC-derived cells engraft and differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo.

A major problem in gene therapy and tissue replacement is accessibility of tissue-specific stem cells. One solution is to isolate tissue-specific stem cells from differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells. Here, we show that liver progenitor cells can be purified from differentiated ES cells using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a marker. By knocking the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene into the AFP locus of ES cells and differentiating the modified ES cells in vitro, a subpopulation of GFP(+) and AFP-expressing cells was generated. When transplanted into partially hepatectomized lacZ-positive ROSA26 mice, GFP(+) cells engrafted and differentiated into lacZ-negative and albumin-positive hepatocytes. Differentiation into hepatocytes also occurred after transplantation of GFP(+) cells in apolipoprotein-E- (ApoE) or haptoglobin-deficient mice as demonstrated by the presence of ApoE-positive hepatocytes and ApoE mRNA in the liver of ApoE-deficient mice or by haptoglobin in the serum and haptoglobin mRNA in the liver of haptoglobin-deficient mice. This study describes the first isolation of ES-cell-derived liver progenitor cells that are viable mediators of liver-specific functions in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of high-dose iodine on brain development in mice].

It is an important topic in medicine and genetics, which has not yet been studied in depth, that whether high-dose iodine, especially iodine excess in mother's body, can cause impediment of brain development in babies as iodine deficiency do. An animal model of goiter was reconstructed in mice with feeding them water containing high level of iodine for three months. Weight of brain, protein and nucleic acid concentrations were measured in one-, seven-, 14-, 21- and 30-day old young mice, and morphological changes in the brain and their abilities of learning and memory were observed in 30-day old young mice, born to mothers with high-iodine goiter. Results indicated that weight of brain, protein content, ratio of protein to DNA, RNA content, and ratio of RNA to DNA all decreased significantly, and DNA content increased in the brain of high-iodine mice, as compared with those in normal iodine mice. Abilities of learning and memory in 30-day old mice decreased. And, those changes began from the seventh to 14th days after their birth. It suggests that excessive intake of iodine, as iodine deficiency, can not only cause high-iodine goiter, but also damage nervous system leading to retardation of brain development and impediment of its function.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of stomatological complications in 31 cases of acute leukemia with Chinese herbal drugs.

The authors treated 31 cases of stomatological complications of acute leukemia with Chinese herbal drugs. It was found that the prevalence of oral mucosal ulcers was the highest (80%) in acute lymphocytic leukemia, and the prevalence of gingival swelling was the highest (44%) in acute monocytic leukemia. In accordance with symptom differentiation, Qing Wei San (Powder for Clearing Stomach-heat) with modifications was administered in cases of exuberance and Yü Nü Jian (Gypsum Decoction) with modifications was administered in cases of deficiency, plus gargling solution and hemostatic powder for external use. As a result, 7 cases (22.6%) were markedly effective, and 19 cases (61.3%) effective, the total effective rate being 83.9%. The authors believed that stomatological complications of leukemia were due to insufficiency of yin and blood in the body or to the toxicity and heat of anti-neoplastic medication, and the Chinese herbal drugs were to replenish yin and clear the heat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Affection of Bushen Shengjing pill on NO and NOS in testicle and ante-oxidization of rat with spermatogenic cell injury].

OBJECTIVE: Discuss the functional mechanism of treating male infertility with Bushen Shengjing pill (BS). METHOD: Fill the SD rat with adenine so as to injure the germ cell which will produce the model rat with kidney yang deficiency. Measure the activity of SOD and NOS, the amount of NO and MDA in the testicle. RESULT: BS can promote the activity of SOD, reduce the activity of NOS and the amount of NO and MDA. CONCLUSION: BS has the function of protecting the germ cell which is closely related to the function that the pill can promote the activity of SOD, reduce the activity of NOS and the amount of NO and MDA.

Adenine↗
PubMed2005

[Recent pharmacological study on sanshengwan decoction].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacological function of Sanshengwan decoction with modern medical and rheological techniques, and also to discuss the differences between injury blood stasis syndrome and yang deficiency blood stasis syndrome. METHOD: Animal model for injury blood stasis syndrome was found by bruise; Animal model for yang deficiency blood stasis syndrome was done by exhausting the animals in a - 15 degrees C freezer for 4 hours. RESULT: Blood fibrinogen content, platelet aggregation and blood coagulation time were significantly increased, plasma viscosity and blood coagulation slope was significantly decreased in injury blood stasis syndrome group. Blood fibrinogen content, platelet aggregation and blood coagulation time were dropped markedly. Blood coagulation slope was raised noticeably in yang deficiency blood stasis syndrome group. Sanshengwan decoction behaved very good effects on removing blood stasis on both of the two kinds of animal models. CONCLUSION: Though hemorheological index and experimental data in the two kinds of animal models were behaved statistically significance, but the experimental representative indexes were obviously difference. Sanshengwan the tipical herbal medicine for eliminating blood stasis syndrome showed significantly effects on both of the two kinds of animal models, but the effects on injury blood stasis syndrome group was better than the other animal model's.

Angelica sinensis↗