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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

In vitro maintenance, cooling and cryopreservation of red wolf (Canis rufus) spermatozoa.

A current priority for the preservation of the endangered red wolf (Canis rufus) is the development of a sperm-based genome resource bank. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of (i) holding temperature on the motility of spermatozoa over time, and (ii) cooling methods on the characteristics of spermatozoa after cooling and cryopreservation. Electroejaculates (n = 11; fresh) were evaluated for the percentage of motile spermatozoa, cell and acrosome morphology (Spermac (Meditech 1st Canada Inc, Montreal, Ontario) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled Pisum sativum agglutinin lectin (PSA/FITC; Sigma Diagnostics, Oakville, Ontario) staining), and zona penetration. Semen samples were then divided into two equal samples and centrifuged to remove seminal plasma. One half of the ejaculate sample was re-suspended in sperm-Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP), divided into three aliquots and maintained either at room temperature (approximately 21-23 degrees C), 0 degree C or 37 degrees C. Sperm motility was examined at 0.5 and 1.0 h, and subsequently every hour for 10 h. Motility of spermatozoa decreased after 2 h, but was consistently greater at room temperature than at 37 degrees C or 0 degree C. The other half of the ejaculate sample was re-suspended in an egg yolk-based extender and divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was cooled in a refrigerator (5 degrees C) for 30 min, whereas the second aliquot was put into a beaker containing water at 37 degrees C, which was then placed into an ice bath until the sample reached 0 degree C (approximately 120 min). Spermatozoa were evaluated after cooling and after freezing and thawing treatments. No differences were observed between cooling treatments either after cooling or freezing and thawing. However, marked decreases in intact acrosomes, post-thaw motility and normal morphology of spermatozoa after treatment demonstrate that further investigations are necessary to improve cryopreservation methods in this species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Killing a wolf--an unusual case of forensic veterinary pathology].

During a hunt in Western Pomerania in January 1999 a wolf, injured at the left hind leg, was killed by a shot in the chest region. It was a 2-year-old male that probably came to Germany from Poland by crossing the Oder River. The hunter was reported to the police afterwards, because there were doubts as to the legality of the lethal shot. The hunter pleaded relief by reason of section 22 a German Hunting Law (prevention of avoidable pain or suffering of wild animals). After the shooting there was a number of wrong expert statements by a veterinarian and two zoologists concerning the age of the injury on the left hind leg and the direction of the shot to the chest region, which were corrected by subsequent medico-legal examinations performed on the order of the prosecution.

Animal Rights↗
PubMed2002

[Genetic analysis and estimation of genetic diversity in east-European breeds of swift hounds (Canis familiaris L.) based on the data of genomic studies using RAPD markers].

The method of polymerase chain reaction with a set of arbitrary primers (RAPD-PCR) was used to describe genetic variation and to estimate genetic diversity in East-European swift hounds, Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois. For comparison, swift hounds of two West-European breeds (Whippet and Greyhound) and single dogs of other breed groups (shepherd, terriers, mastiffs, and bird dogs) were examined. For all dog groups, their closest related species, the wolf Canis lupus, was used as an outgroup. Variation of RAPD markers was studied at several hierarchic levels: intra- and interfamily (for individual families of Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois), intra- and interbreed (for ten dog breeds), and interspecific (C. familiaris-C. lupus). In total, 57 dogs and 4 wolfs were studied. Using RAPD-PCR with three primers, 93 DNA fragments with a length of 150-1500 bp were detected in several Borzoi families with known filiation. These fragments were found to be inherited as dominant markers and to be applicable for estimation of genetic differences between parents and their offspring and for comparison of individuals and families with different level of inbreeding. A high level of intra- and interbreed variation was found in Russian Psovyi and Hortyi Borzois. In these dog groups, genetic similarity indices varied in a range of 72.2 to 93.4% (parents-offspring) and 68.0 to 94.5 (sibs). Based on the patterns of RAPD markers obtained using six primers, a dendrogram of genetic similarity between the wolf and different dog breeds was constructed, and indices of intragroup diversity were calculated. All studied breeds were found to fall into two clusters, swift hounds (Borzoi-like dogs) and other dogs. Russian Borzois represent a very heterogeneous group, in which the Russian Psovyi Borzoi is closer to Greyhound than the Russian Hortyi Borzoi. All studied wolfs constituted a separate cluster. Significant differences were found between the wolf and dogs by the number of RAPD markers (92.8 and 86.1, respectively) and by the indices of genetic diversity (54.3 and 64.8%, respectively). The reasons for the high intraspecific variation of dogs (including Russian Borzois) and the prospects of using the studied group of markers for genetic analysis and differentiation in C. familiaris are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology and epizootiology of rabies in Krasnodar region].

In 1995-1999 the aggravation of the epidemiological situation in rabies took place in the Krasnodar Territory. In the region of Great Sochi this was due to the emergency situation (armed conflict) on the adjoining territory (in Abkhazia), which led to the migration of domestic animals, turning wild, to the Black Sea coast where the situation with this infection had earlier been favorable. In 1995-1997 on the territory of Great Sochi 4 persons died of rabies as a consequence of getting dog bites and then failing to apply for medical assistance. A threat for human health is also created by cutting down work on the extermination of stray dogs and cats, the insufficient provision of medical institutions with antirabic preparations. The efforts of the medical service of the Territory should be concentrated on the prophylactic measures for controlling rabies.

Animals↗
PubMed1955

Laboratory data supporting the clinical trial of anti-rabies serum in persons bitten by a rabid wolf.

Five individuals severely exposed to rabies by wolf bite and treated with a course of phenolized vaccine alone showed no demonstrable antibodies in their sera until the nineteenth day following the start of treatment. Three of these five individuals died of rabies.On the other hand, twelve individuals similarly exposed, who received antirabies serum plus a course of phenolized vaccine, had demonstrable antibodies early in and throughout the period of observation. One individual who received one dose of serum plus a course of vaccine died of rabies.In view of these results, it is apparent that antibody demonstrable early in and throughout the treatment period, and obtained by the combined use of serum and vaccine, is more effective in preventing rabies after severe exposure than is a course of vaccine alone.

Animals↗