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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The HIV-infected health care worker: another AIDS policy conundrum.

To ascertain the degree of patient risk for acquiring HIV from an infected health care worker, several key questions have arisen: Beyond a single dental practice, has there been doctor-to-patient HIV transmission; are some procedures inherently more dangerous to patients than others; can HIV be transmitted despite good technique and universal precautions; is hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission from physician to patient a relevant model for HIV transmission; is operator skill and technique as much or more of a factor in the risk for transmission than the nature of the procedure itself? The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) released recommendations about HIV-infected health care workers last year....The CDC proposed that sufficient data existed to declare that certain procedures were "exposure-prone," that is, that transmission of HIV to a patient could occur despite good technique and proper precautions.... Because of the major concerns expressed by many medical specialty societies, the CDC has indicated plans to review and revise the recommendations.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1991

Health access America--strengthening the US health care system.

Although Americans remain generally satisfied with the health care provided to them, sufficient access to high-quality, affordable health care for citizens without health care insurance has become an increasing problem in the last decade. Using the policy development process of the American Medical Association, Health Access America was conceived by the Association to improve access to affordable, high-quality health care. The proposal consists of six fundamental principles and 16 key points. This article specifically focuses on the five points that, if enacted into law, would improve access to health care for Americans who are, for various reasons, without health insurance.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Voluntary accreditation of cellular therapies: Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT).

Voluntary accreditation of cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products intended for human transplantation is an important mechanism for improving quality in cellular therapy. The Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) has developed and implemented programs of voluntary inspection and accreditation for hematopoietic cellular therapy, and for cord blood banking. These programs are based on the standards of the clinical and laboratory professionals of the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT), the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT), and NETCORD. FACT has collaborated with European colleagues in the development of the Joint Accreditation Committee in Europe (jACIE). FACT has published standards documents, a guidance manual, accreditation checklists, and inspection documents; and has trained as inspectors over 300 professionals active in the field. All inspectors have a minimum of 5 years' experience in the area they inspect. Since the incorporation of FACT in 1996, 215 hematopoietic progenitor cell facilities have applied for FACT accreditation. Of these facilities, 113 are fully accredited; the others are in the process of document submission or inspection. Significant opportunities and challenges exist for FACT in the future, including keeping standards and guidance materials current and relevant, recruiting and retaining expert inspectors, and establishing collaborations to develop standards and accreditation systems for new cellular products. The continuing dialogue with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is also important to ensure that they are aware of the accomplishments of voluntary accreditation, and keep FACT membership alerted to FDA intentions for the future. Other potential avenues of communication and cooperation with FDA and other regulatory agencies are being investigated and evaluated.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1996

Primary prevention in a high-risk group: smoking habits in adolescents with homozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD).

The serious form of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) Pi ZZ strongly predisposes the individual for pulmonary emphysema and premature death in adulthood, especially if exposed to tobacco smoking. General screening of all new-born children was conducted in Sweden during 1972-1974, the major purpose being to reduce exposure of the child to parental smoking while growing up and to prevent the child from starting to smoke. Sixty-one children with ATD neonatally identified through mass-screening, and their families, have been compared with a demographically matched control group regarding smoking habits, as studied through interviews and questionnaires on two occasions. When the children were 5-7 years old, the smoking rates among parents of the ATD children and especially among the ATD fathers exceeded smoking rates for controls. Thirteen years later no differences in parental smoking were found between the groups. At 18-20 years of age the ATD children reported smoking significantly less than the control children (p < 0.05). From the perspective of prevention, the goal of the neonatal screening to reduce the smoking rates among the parents of the ATD children was not attained, while it was achieved among the ATD children. The results indicate that a screening program with early detection of ATD effectively prevents adolescent children from starting to smoke. From ethical, medical and psychological points of view, a voluntary screening program for ATD in pre-adolescence is recommended.

Adolescent↗