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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A 6-month home usage trial of a 1% chlorhexidine toothpaste (II). Effects on the oral microflora.

The effects of 1% chlorhexidine and 1% chlorhexidine/fluoride dentifrices on supragingival plaque flora were investigated in a 6-month home-usage study. 146 subjects were studied from whom plaque around 6 teeth was collected at baseline, 6 weeks and 24 weeks. Total anaerobic counts were reduced at 6 and 24 weeks in both active groups compared to control. No differences were seen in any other bacterial parameters. There was a significant decrease in the susceptibility to chlorhexidine of bacteria recovered from the subjects on the active treatments compared to control but, since the magnitude of effect was less than one dilution, this was not thought to be of any clinical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

An in situ model to study the toothpaste abrasion of enamel.

OBJECTIVES: In order to understand the clinical relevance of dentifrice abrasivity on the dentition in vivo, an in situ enamel wear model has been developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polished human enamel blocks were indented with a Knoop diamond, attached to dentures and worn by adult volunteers for 24 h per day. The blocks were brushed for 30 s, twice per day with dentifrices of known relative dentine abrasivity (RDA) and relative enamel abrasivity (REA). The dentifrices used were either dentifrice A (RDA=85, REA=3.4), dentifrice B (RDA=189, REA=2.0) or dentifrice C (RDA=132, REA=42.7). After 28 days, the blocks were removed and the geometry of each Knoop indent was remeasured. From the baseline and post-treatment values of indent length, the amount of enamel wear was calculated from the change in the indent depth. RESULTS: The median values for enamel wear of dentifrices A, B and C were -0.02, 0.01 and -0.48 microm, respectively. The differences between dentifrice C and dentifrices A and B were of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated the usefulness of an in situ technique for investigating the relationship between the abrasivity of a dentifrice in vitro and the wear of enamel in situ.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The effectiveness of a toothpaste containing triclosan and polyvinyl-methyl ether maleic acid copolymer in improving plaque control and gingival health: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of triclosan/copolymer and fluoride dentifrices in improving plaque control and gingival health. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE (1986 to March 2003) and EMBASE (1986 to March 2003). Personal files and the reference lists of all articles were checked for further studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials were selected if they met the following criteria: random allocation of participants; participants were adults with plaque and gingivitis; unsupervised use of dentifrices for at least 6 months; and primary outcomes - plaque and gingivitis after 6 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently extracted information. For each plaque and gingivitis index, the mean differences for each study were pooled as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with the appropriate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random effect models. MAIN RESULTS: Sixteen trials provided data for the meta-analysis. The triclosan/copolymer dentifrice significantly improved plaque control compared with a fluoride dentifrice, with a WMD of -0.48 (95% CI: -0.64 to -0.32) for the Quigley-Hein index and WMD of -0.15 (95% CI: -0.20 to -0.09) for the plaque severity index. When compared with a fluoride dentifrice, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice significantly reduced gingivitis with WMDs -0.26 (95% CI: -0.34 to -0.18) and -0.12 (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.08) for the Loe and Silness index and gingivitis severity index, respectively.

Complex Mixtures↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of two chlorhexidine gel brushing regimens and a conventional toothpaste brushing regimen for the development of tooth staining over a 6-week period.

AIMS: A single-centre, randomized single-blind parallel study was undertaken to compare staining seen with three brushing regimens and to determine subject perception of side effects such as staining and effects on taste. METHODS: This 6-week parallel study used 157 volunteers who were randomized into one of three treatment groups: (i) brushing in the morning and evening with a normal dose of a 1% chlorhexidine gel, (ii) brushing with a low dose of chlorhexidine gel in the evening and a whitening dentifrice in the morning, and (iii) brushing with a standard fluoride paste in the morning and evening. Following home usage of their allocated products, the study volunteers returned after 3 and 6 weeks to record the amount of stain present. After the 6-week period, subject perception of taste and stain acceptability was determined using a questionnaire. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of use of the low-dose chlorhexidine gel and whitening dentifrice, significantly more stain was seen compared with the use of a standard dentifrice (P<0.0001). Similarly, significantly more stain was seen with use of the normal-dose chlorhexidine gel compared with the low-dose gel and whitening dentifrice (P=0.0007). Approximately 30% of individuals on the low-dose chlorhexidine gel regimen found the amount of stain unacceptable and 10% noted an effect on their taste perception. CONCLUSIONS: The use of low dose of chlorhexidine gel at night and a whitening paste in the morning produced a significant amount of stain that 30% of subjects considered unacceptable.

Adult↗