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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Differentiation of bone and soft tissues in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by using methylene blue/acid fuchsin stain.

OBJECTIVE: To find a staining method for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue that would distinguish bone from surrounding soft tissues, including muscle, periosteal tissue and bone marrow. STUDY DESIGN: A variety of stains were tested and compared with hematoxylin-eosin. The potential value of any given stain was evaluated based on its ability to stain bone and soft tissues different colors or shades that could be readily identified in photomicrographs. Stains were evaluated using both endochondral (tibia) and intramembranous bone (calvaria) samples. RESULTS: In contrast to standard hematoxylin-eosin stain, which stains both bone and soft tissues pink, the methylene blue/acid fuchsin stain demonstrates remarkable contrast between bone and other tissues. Methylene blue/acid fuchsin stained bone bright pink and the surrounding soft tissues blue-purple. CONCLUSION: In addition to the superior staining properties of methylene blue/acid fuchsin, other benefits of this stain include its stability, ease of use and low cost. This stain has many potential applications in the study of erosive bone disease in humans and also in animal models for research.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of tissue-type plasminogen activator (activity and antigen) in rat tissues.

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (PA) activity and antigen was measured in nine different tissues from healthy rats (brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, aorta and skeletal muscle). After extraction in a KSCN buffer (for kidney) or in an acid acetate buffer (for all other tissues), total PA activity was determined by an improved spectrophotometric procedure, and tissue-type PA (tPA) activity was determined by quenching with anti-rat tPA Ig; tPA antigen was determined by an ELISA procedure. tPA was the major PA (greater than 90%) in all tissues, except kidney and liver (65%) and spleen (40%). Lung yielded the highest tPA activity (1400 U/g), followed by kidney, brain, heart and adrenal (150-300 U/g), and then by liver, aorta, spleen and muscle (15-30 U/g). In agreement with fibrin autographic studies, which demonstrated the presence of tPA-PAI complexes in the tissue extracts, the tPA antigen/activity ratio was generally greater than one. Free PA inhibitor activity could not be demonstrated in any tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Tissue polypeptide antigen in serum and tissue in patients with lung cancer].

To evaluate the significance of TPA (tissue polypeptide antigen) as a tumor marker for lung cancer, the present studies were designed to measure serum TPA levels as well as TPA contents in tumor tissues in patients with lung cancer. Average serum TPA levels (203.5 +/- 180.5 U/l, mean +/- SD) in 76 patients with lung cancer (30 squamous cell carcinoma, 38 adenocarcinoma, 8 small cell carcinoma) were significantly higher than those in pneumonia (83.3 +/- 42.7 U/l, n = 13), pulmonary tuberculosis (87.6 +/- 36.3 U/l, n = 16), and normal controls (46.8 +/- 23.7 U/l, n = 28). There was no significant difference in TPA levels according to the histological type of lung cancer. Comparing respective stage cases, statistically significant differences were observed in serum TPA levels between normal controls and stage 1, stage 1 and stage 3, and in stage 3 and stage 4, suggesting a gradual increase in TPA levels accompanying the progress of the lung cancer. In patients with 12 squamous cell carcinoma and 9 adenocarcinoma, the TPA levels in carcinoma tissues and non-tumor invaded lung tissues were 115.2 +/- 187.7 and 148.9 +/- 223.3 U/mg protein, indicating no significant difference in carcinoma and normal tissues. There was definite correlation between serum TPA levels and TPA contents in carcinoma tissues. No significant relationship, however, was observed between serum TPA levels and TPA contents in tissue not invaded by tumor. These results suggest that serum TPA levels reflect the tumor burden in patients with lung cancer. In conclusion, the determination of TPA in blood is useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Flow cytometric DNA ploidy analysis of soft tissue sarcomas. A comparative study of preoperative fine needle aspirates and postoperative fresh tissues and archival material.

Flow cytometric (FCM) DNA ploidy measurements on frozen fresh samples of soft tissue sarcomas were compared with the corresponding analyses on preoperative fine needle aspirates and postoperative formalin-fixed archival tissues from the same tumors. A concordance in ploidy status (diploid versus non-diploid) was obtained for 63% of the fresh tissue-fine needle aspiration (FNA) sample comparisons and for 85% of the fresh tissue-archival material comparisons. The majority of discordances in the fresh tissue-FNA sample comparisons could be explained by FNA sampling errors. In the remaining discordant cases (3 of 27 FNA sample comparisons and 6 of 40 archival material comparisons), sampling errors could not explain the differences in ploidy status. The discordant cases were evenly distributed among the different sampling methods. Method reproducibility was not responsible for the differences in ploidy determinations; tumor heterogeneity may be an explanation for the discrepancies. This study showed that archival soft tissue sarcoma samples are as well suited for DNA ploidy analysis as are fresh frozen tissues.

Archives↗
PubMed1989

[Serum and tissue concentration of tegafur and 5-FU after administration of tegafur suppository in patients with lung cancer--correcting the influence of residual blood in the tissue].

Tissue concentration of tegafur and 5-FU was studied in 25 patients with of primary lung cancer, given 2 x 750 mg of tegafur suppository daily preoperatively (total doses 3.75-9.75 g, mean 5.16 g). Furthermore, the influence of blood remaining in the tissue was corrected in the determination of tegafur and 5-FU concentration. The tegafur level in tumor tissue (9.614 +/- 5.739 micrograms/g) was significantly (p less than 0.01) low compared with those in serum and normal lung tissue (13.185 +/- 8.198 micrograms/ml, 12.954 +/- 10.048 micrograms/g). On the other hand, the 5-FU level in tumor tissue (0.124 +/- 0.208) was significantly (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05) high compared with those in serum and normal lung tissue (0.019 +/- 0.013 micrograms/ml, 0.035 +/- 0.031 micrograms/g) and showed approximately 2.5 times more minimum effective concentration against tumor cells (0.05 micrograms/g). The results show that preoperative administration of 2 x 750 mg of tegafur suppository daily is effective for the transfer of tegafur and 5-FU to lung cancer tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Periodontal tissue response to a new bioresorbable guided tissue regeneration device: a longitudinal study in monkeys.

This study evaluated periodontal tissue response to a new bioresorbable guided tissue regeneration barrier material following guided tissue regeneration treatment of dehiscence-type defects at 45 teeth in 15 monkeys. The results were clinically and histologically evaluated 6 weeks and 3,6, 12, and 24 months posttreatment. Healing was uneventful and without inflammation or other adverse tissue reactions. Following 6 weeks of healing, the matrix barrier was completely integrated with the surrounding tissues, preventing epithelial downgrowth along the device. There were no inflammatory cell infiltrates adjacent to the material. New attachment (ie, new cementum with inserting collagen fibers) and new supporting bone were found after 6 weeks of healing. The matrix barrier maintained its functional stability for a minimum of 6 weeks. The subsequent slow resorption process of the material occurred without detrimental effects on the surrounding tissues, demonstrating the biocompatibility of the material. The material was completely resorbed after 6 to 12 months. At the final stages of the resorption process, macrophages and multinuclear cells were present within the tissue that replaced the material. The design and the resorption pattern of the matrix barrier are discussed in relation to the regenerative wound healing process.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Variation of the diploid pattern in tissues used as normal controls of solid tumors: advantages and disadvantages of flow cytometric analysis of paraffin-embedded tissues].

The aim of the present work was to study the factors that influence the variation of diploid patterns in 75 areas of histologically normal gastric tissue, located in surgically resected stomachs due to early gastric cancer. Each sample was used as a diploid reference of its respective tumoral area. Fifty five samples were embedded in formalin and 20 corresponded to fresh tissue. It was found that in the older tissues, the cellular debris increased, the localization channel of the peaks shifted to the left (lower than channel 60) and the peak shape was deformed, with an increase in the variation coefficient (around 6) and an elevation and lengthening of phase S. When fresh tissue was used, the first peak was localized around channel 60-70, with a significant reduction of cellular debris, a lower variation coefficient amplitude (2-5) and a phase S adhered to the basal line. Aiming to observe the influence of paraffin embedding over time, 21 tissue samples originally assayed as fresh tissues, were reanalyzed one year later. The same alterations initially observed in old tissues were again noticed. According to these results, it is necessary to select adequate controls for flow cytometric analysis to obtain an adequate histogram interpretation, and specially to calculate the ADN index.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Serum triglycerides and fatty acid incorporation into human adipose tissue (TIAT). Their relations with adipose tissue characteristics and glucose tolerance.

Fatty acid incorporation into adipose tissue (FIAT), the metabolic process assimilating plasma triglyceride fatty acids liberated by lipoprotein lipase, was recently found to be lower in hyper- than in normotriglyceridaemia. In the present report, the relation of FIAT to glucose tolerance and adipose tissue morphology and fatty acid composition has been studied in a popoulation of men with normo- and hypertriglyceridaemia, using needle biopsy specimens. In addition, the associations between plasma triglyceride concentration and these factors as well as FIAT were examined by statistical methods. FIAT and GLIAT (glucose incorporation into adipose tissue) activities per cell were positively correlated with fat cell diameter but not with fat cell number. FIAT activities per cell and per unit surface area were lower in hyper- than in normo-triglyceridaemic subjects. The k-value of the i.v.glucose tolerance test and glycerol release from adipose tissue did not correlate with FIAT or GLIAT activities. The proportion of stearic acid in adipose tissue was negatively correlated with the serum triglyceride level and with fat cell diameter, but positively correlated with FIAT. Linolenic acid in adipose tissue correlated positively with the k-value. The negative correlation between serum triglycerides and FIAT remained when the other variables which were significantly correlated with FIAT or the serum triglycerides were entered in partial correlat-on analysis. These results suggest that although low FIAT activity is related in part to other characteristics, it occurs in hypertriglyceridaemia independent of glucose tolerance or various characteristics in fat. With serum triglyceride concentration as dependent variable, stepwise regression analysis was performed, entering all other variables as independent ones. The highest multiple --value was 0.76 (p less than 0.001) and it was obtained with three adipose tissue parameters: FIAT (or GLIAT), content of linolenic acid and of stearic acid. The other parameters did not give rise to any further improvement in the prediction of the serum triglyceride concentration which is better than 50% (R2 = 0.57).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Identical variant TSG101 transcripts in soft tissue sarcomas and various non-neoplastic tissues.

Inactivation of the TSG101 gene was recently shown to induce malignant transformation of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Abnormal TSG101 transcription profiles were observed in various human cancers, and large intragenic deletions of the TSG101 gene were reported for a series of human breast cancer specimens, pointing to a potential tumor-suppressive activity of TSG101. However, subsequent more detailed studies on a large panel of breast carcinoma samples did not confirm the tumor-associated genomic deletions. Here we analyzed the transcription patterns of the TSG101 gene in soft-tissue sarcomas and non-neoplastic human tissues. Forty-five of 71 soft tissue sarcoma samples (63%) displayed variant transcripts; however, identical aberrant transcripts were also detected in seven of 15 non-neoplastic control tissues. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the TSG101 gene excluded major genomic rearrangements in the soft tissue sarcoma samples. Northern blot analysis revealed a very low abundance of variant transcripts as compared with the wild-type TSG101 transcript. These data point to aberrant splicing of the TSG101 mRNA in normal and transformed human mesenchymal tissues rather than tumor specific alterations of the TSG101 gene. In summary, this analyses does not support a pathogenic role for altered TSG101 expression in human soft tissue sarcomas.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Engineered adipose tissue from human mesenchymal stem cells maintains predefined shape and dimension: implications in soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction.

Soft tissue augmentation is a widespread practice in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The objective of the present study was to engineer adipose tissue constructs with predefined shape and dimensions, potentially utilizable in soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction, by encapsulating adult stem cell-derived adipogenic cells in a biocompatible hydrogel system. Bone marrow-derived adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were preconditioned by 1 week of exposure to adipogenic- inducing supplement followed by photoencapsulation in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel in predefined shape and dimensions. In two parallel experiments, the resulting hMSC-derived adipogenic cell-polymer constructs were either incubated in vitro in adipogenic medium or implanted in vivo in the dorsum of immunodeficient mice for 4 weeks. Tissue-engineered adipogenic constructs demonstrated positive reaction to oil red O staining both in vitro and in vivo, and expressed PPAR-gamma2 adipogenic gene marker in vivo. By contrast, control PEGDA hydrogel constructs encapsulating undifferentiated hMSCs failed to demonstrate the adipogenic gene marker and were negative for oil red O staining. Recovered in vitro and in vivo constructs maintained their predefined physical shape and dimensions. These data demonstrate that adipose tissue engineered from human mesenchymal stem cells can retain predefined shape and dimensions for soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

Method to make paraffin-embedded breast and lymph tissue mimic fresh tissue in DNA analysis.

Determination of DNA ploidy has been found to be of diagnostic and prognostic value with regard to many solid tumors. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy is dependent on the binding of fluorescent dyes to DNA. Preserving cell morphology by fixing the tissue in formalin interferes with the binding of propidium iodide (PI) and other fluorescent dyes to DNA. This distortion of DNA content measurement can cause inaccuracies in DNA-ploidy determinations of formalin-fixed tissue specimens and precludes the use of appropriate DNA standards. Therefore, it has been impossible to determine accurately the DNA ploidy of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Using formalin-fixed cells as a model for FFPE cells, we developed a thermal treatment method to reverse the effect of formalin on the binding of propidium iodide to DNA. Applying this approach to the preparation of FFPE lymph node and breast tissue for DNA analysis, we have developed a method that makes the binding of PI to the DNA of FFPE tissue mimic that of fresh tissue. Following dewaxing, rehydration, and trypsin treatment, the FFPE tissue, resuspended in PBS, was heated to 75 degrees C for 90 min to restore the PI binding to that of fresh cells. This method makes it possible to use fresh, DNA-diploid cells as an internal control and, thus, determine more accurately the DNA ploidy of tumors preserved in formalin and paraffin.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed2001

Tissue engineering in the cardiovascular system: progress toward a tissue engineered heart.

Achieving the lofty goal of developing a tissue engineered heart will likely rely on progress in engineering the various components: blood vessels, heart valves, and cardiac muscle. Advances in tissue engineered vascular grafts have shown the most progress to date. Research in tissue-engineered vascular grafts has focused on improving scaffold design, including mechanical properties and bioactivity; genetically engineering cells to improve graft performance; and optimizing tissue formation through in vitro mechanical conditioning. Some of these same approaches have been used in developing tissue engineering heart valves and cardiac muscle as well. Continued advances in scaffold technology and a greater understanding of vascular cell biology along with collaboration among engineers, scientists, and physicians will lead to further progress in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering and ultimately the development of a tissue-engineered heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Measurement of S-phase fractions in lymphoid tissue comparing fresh versus paraffin-embedded tissue and 4',6'-diamidino-2 phenylindole dihydrochloride versus propidium iodide staining.

S-phase fractions for 62 lymphoid biopsies were calculated, by means of flow cytometry, from both fresh and paraffin-embedded tissue. The purposes of this study were to determine whether significant differences were seen between S-phase estimates obtained from fresh and fixed tissue and to compare results obtained with two DNA dyes, namely 4'-6'-diamidino-2 phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) and propidium iodide (PI). The 62 cases consisted of 38 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 19 reactive samples, and 5 cases of Hodgkin's disease. Fifty-four of the samples showed DNA diploid profiles. A good agreement between S-phase results from fresh and fixed tissue was seen, with technical factors accounting for around 20% of the total variance. Using a paired t test, no significant difference was seen between fresh and fixed tissue for diploid cases, but there was a trend for S-phase estimates from fixed tissue to be higher. If all cases (including the eight DNA aneuploid samples) were included in the analysis this difference just reached statistical significance (P less than .05). In a subgroup of 19 of the cases, a comparison was performed on both fresh and fixed tissue of staining with DAPI and PI. A good agreement between results with both DNA stains was found on fresh and fixed tissue, with no significant differences being apparent, and stain-related factors accounted for only 10% of the total variance.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed2007

"Virtual flow cytometry" of immunostained lymphocytes on microscopic tissue slides: iHCFlow tissue cytometry.

BACKGROUND: A method and approach is developed for fully automated measurements of immunostained lymphocytes in tissue sections by means of digital color microscopy and patent pending advanced cell analysis. The validation data for population statistic measurements of immunostained lymphocytes in tissue sections using tissue cytometry (TC) is presented. The report is the first to describe the conversion of immunohistochemistry (IHC) data to a flow cytometry-like two parameter dot-plot display, hence the technique is also a virtual flow cytometry. We believe this approach is a paradigm shift, as well as novel, and called the system iHCFlow TC. Seven issues related to technical obstacles to virtual flow cytometry (FC) are identified. DESIGN: Segmentation of a 512 x 474 RGB image and tabular display of statistical results table took 12-15 s using proprietary developed algorithms. We used a panel of seven antibodies for validation on 14 cases of mantle cell lymphoma giving percentage positive, total lymphocytes, and staining density. A total of 2,027 image frames with 810,800 cell objects (COBs) were evaluated. Antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, Bcl-1, Ki-67, CD20, CD5 were subjected to virtual FC on tissue. The results of TC were compared with manual counts of expert observers and with the results of flow cytometric immunophenotyping of the same specimen. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient and 95% confidence interval by linear regression analysis yielded a high concordance between manual human results (M), FC results, and TC results per antibody, (r = 0.9365 M vs. TC, r= 0.9537 FC vs. TC). The technical issues were resolved and the solutions and results were evaluated and presented. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the new technology of TC by iHCFlow could be a clinically valid surrogate for both M and FC analysis when only tissue IHC is available for diagnosis and prognosis. The application for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis is for objective, rapid, automated counting of immunostained cells in tissues with percentage results. We report a new paradigm in TC that converts IHC staining of lymphocytes to automated results and a flow cytometry-like report. The dot plot histogram display is familiar, intuitive, informative, and provides the pathologists with an automated tool to rapidly characterize the staining and size distribution of the immunoreactive as well as the negative cell population in the tissue. This systems tool is a major improvement over existing ones and satisfies fully the criteria to perform Cytomics (Ecker and Tarnok, Cytometry A 2005;65:1; Ecker and Steiner, Cytometry A 2004;59:182-190; Ecker et al., Cytometry A 2004;59:172-181).

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed2003

Identification of tissue-specific genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue and differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray.

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed for isolation of tissue-specific genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue, by use of cDNAs from human adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue as tester and mixed cDNAs from esophagus, lung, liver, heart, stomach, spleen, skeletal muscle, kidney, and skin as drivers. Fourteen differentially expressed genes in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue were obtained. Among these genes, LPLUNC1 and SPLUNC1 were confirmed to be specifically expressed in nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue and the trachea. A novel transcript of SPLUNC1, which we designate NASG, was found. We also combined SSH and cDNA microarray hybridization to identify genes whose expressions were altered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We used NPC cell line HNE1 and primary human embryo nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in one SSH experiment, and NPC biopsies and normal adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue in another. Some 1,200 SSH inserts from four subtractive cDNA libraries were arrayed onto nylon membranes by use of robotic printing. Differential gene expression was verified by hybridizing of the membranes with radioactively labeled first-strand cDNA from NPC cell line HNE1, primary human embryo nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, NPC biopsies, and normal adult nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue. Seventeen differentially expressed genes in NPC were obtained. Among these genes, we identified SPLUNC1 and LPLUNC1 to be down-expressed in NPC biopsies (34/48, 33/48).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Silver halide fiber optic radiometric temperature measurement and control of CO2 laser-irradiated tissues and application to tissue welding.

Tissue heating by laser irradiation has attained importance in many clinical applications. Accurate temperature measurements of laser-irradiated tissues are difficult to achieve, and experiments have produced conflicting results. Fiber optic radiometry allows temperature measurement of laser-irradiated tissues by remote sensing of the emitted infra red (IR) radiation. We have developed an IR fiber optic radiometer capable of accurate tissue temperature measurements (+/- 0.2 degrees C) and utilized it to monitor and control the heating of tissues by CO2 laser irradiation. Tissue temperature control of +/- 2.5 degrees C was achieved. This system was used to control tissue temperature during CO2 laser-assisted welding of urinary bladders in rats. The strength of the welds was recorded for different welding temperatures. A temperature of 55 degrees C was found to be optimal.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Presence of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in human periapical granulation tissues and regeneration tissues.

To study mediators associated with the progression of disease and the process of bone regeneration in human apical periodontitis, we examined samples of periapical granulation tissues and regeneration tissues obtained from five patients by use of immunohistochemical methods. Periapical granulation tissues were found to contain a large number of CD4-positive T cells and CD68-positive monocytes/macrophages (CD4: 35.2%, CD68: 32.7%). The CD4-positive T cells and CD68-positive monocytes/macrophages were predominantly present in regeneration tissues (CD4: 62.1%, CD68: 16.0%). In these the percentages of CD4-positive T cells were higher as compared with periapical granulation tissues (from 35.2% to 62.1%). In periapical granulation tissues, CD4-positive T cells stained positively for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and negatively for interleukin-4 (IL-4). In regeneration tissues, IL-4-producing cells could be detected. However, IFN-gamma-producing cells could not be detected. These results suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-4 may modulate the pathogenesis of infectious disease and the process of bone regeneration in local inflammation sites such as human apical periodontitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Receptors for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in kidney and adrenal tissue of urodeles--lack of angiotensin II (A II) receptors in these tissues.

Binding sites for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and angiotensin II (A II) were localized and quantified in renal and adrenal tissue of the Urodele Ambystoma mexicanum by quantitative in vitro autoradiography using 125I-ratANF(99-126) and 125I-[Val5]-A II or 125I-human A II as labeled ligands. Specific 125I-ratANF(99-126) binding was present in glomeruli, renal tubules, and adrenal tissue. ANF had heterogeneous binding sites exhibiting positive cooperativity with a half maximal binding concentration (EC50) of 124 +/- 12 pM in glomeruli and 118 +/- 18 pM in adrenal tissue (n = 8). The corresponding maximal binding capacities (Bmax) were 0.84 +/- 0.10 and 0.72 +/- 0.18 femtomol/mm2. 125I-ratANF(99-126) binding was competitively displaced by unlabeled ANF analogues with an intact disulfide bridge showing a lower affinity than the iodinated ligand. In in vitro perifusion experiments ANF inhibited basal as well as ACTH-stimulated steroid secretion whereas catecholamine release was not affected indicating that ANF binding in adrenal tissue is restricted to steroidogenic interrenal cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that during acclimation to 1.5% salt water made using seawater salt the number of ANF binding sites in kidney glomeruli decreased after 12 hr and 7 days while no significant changes were observed in adrenal tissue. No A II binding sites were detected either in renal or adrenal tissue indicating a lack of A II receptors in these tissues, which was confirmed by in vitro perifusion experiments which showed that A II did not affect adrenal steroid and catecholamine secretion.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗