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PubMed1983

Characterization of isoprotein patterns in tissue extracts and isolated samples of metallothioneins by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Reverse-phase high-pressure ('performance') liquid chromatography was used to characterize the isometallothioneins in preparations isolated from tissues of a variety of animals by 'conventional' chromatographic methods. The resolution was such that isoproteins differing by a single serine leads to leucine difference in 61 residues could be easily separated. Yields from the reverse-phase support were typically 60-70% for the isoproteins. Comparisons of isometallothionein patterns after Cd2+-induction in rabbits indicated that total metallothionein concentrations were about 4-fold higher in liver than kidney extracts from the same animal. In the extracts a minimum of four and six isometallothionein peaks were detected in kidney and liver respectively. Under acidic conditions, where the metals are removed from the protein, the chromatographic properties, i.e. hydrophobicities, of the isoproteins from kidney were identical with those of four of those found in liver. Although the same peaks appeared in tissue extracts from individual animals, concentration differences were apparent. Remarkably, no differences were observed between the isoprotein patterns of liver or kidney as a consequence of either Cd2+- or Zn2+-induction. Chromatography of the metal-containing forms at neutral pH in Tris buffer indicated that the relative ratios of the complexed metal ions in the isoproteins were found to be effectively identical, not only before and after chromatography, but also within the separated forms from a single tissue source.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Cytochalasin B: preparation, analysis in tissue extracts, and pharmacokinetics after intraperitoneal bolus administration in mice.

Cytochalasin B (CB) was prepared by methanol extraction of dehydrated mold (Drechslera dematioidea) matte, reverse-phase C18 silica gel batch adsorption, selective elution with 1:1 (v/v) hexane:tetrahydrofuran (THF), crystallization, preparative TLC, and recrystallization. Unit gravity silica gel normal phase chromatography afforded additional CB. Yield per liter of medium was 300 mg of CB greater than 95% pure by NMR, HPLC (60:40 hexane:THF, Lichrosorb Si60 silica gel, 230 nm), and TLC. CB added exogenously to mouse organs at 1 and 5 micrograms/organ was recovered 70 to 100% by methanol extraction, adsorption to C18 silica gel Sep-Pak cartridges, elution with ethyl acetate, and analysis by TLC and/or HPLC. Limiting sensitivity (micrograms/extract) was 0.5 TLC; 1.0 HPLC. Quantitative extraction was confirmed with 3H-labeled CB. CB ip in mice at 50 mg/kg (LD10) distributed rapidly into liver, renal fat, kidney, intestines, mesentery, pancreas, spleen, and blood cells and was cleared from all but liver within 24 h. CB was below detectable levels in thymus, lymph nodes, heart, brain, bone marrow, and lungs. Cytochalasin A is fixed to tissues and not extractable. This work affords a source of CB in quantities permitting in vivo study, provides methods for extraction and analysis, and reveals the pharmacokinetics of ip bolus CB.

Animals↗