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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Monoamine-containing basal cells in the taste buds of the newt Triturus pyrrhogaster.

Monoamine-containing cells were examined by fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy. Two or three serotonin-like fluorescent cells were located just above the basal lamina and failed to reach the free surface of the taste bud. Ultrastructurally this cell type was characterized by the presence of dense-cored vesicles and finger-like cytoplasmic processes. Many characteristics of Merkel cells were present.

Amines↗
PubMed1976

Effects of deneravation and decentralization upon taste buds.

Denervation of vallate papillae results in failure of tactile and gustatory reception at a time when impulse conduction in the distal stump of the glossopharyngeal nerve is still unimpaired; delay of receptor deficit depends on axon length between receptor and axotomy sites; taste buds disappear by 10 days. Decentralization, through intracranial rhizotomy, does not modify lingual receptors structure or function.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The contribution of taste bud populations to bitter avoidance in mouse strains differentially sensitive to sucrose octa-acetate and quinine.

Mice of the SWR/J (SW) strain avoid orally delivered sucrose octa-acetate (SOA), whereas the mice of the C3HeB/FeJ (C3) strain are insensitive to SOA. Mice of both strains and of a congenic strain (C3.SW) that shares more than 99% of the C3 genome, were tested in a taste-salient brief-access taste test for responses to SOA and quinine hydrochloride, before and after transection of the glossopharyngeal or chorda tympani nerve, or sham surgery. Prior to surgery, congenic SOA tasters (C3.SW(T)) were phenotypically identical to the SW strain in avoidance of SOA, but showed a greater reduction in sensitivity after nerve transection. For quinine avoidance, which is thought to be a polygenic trait, SW mice showed the greatest sensitivity to quinine, C3 the least and C3.SW(T) mice were different from both parental strains, showing intermediate sensitivity. Nerve transections had only a moderate effect on quinine sensitivity, suggesting that both anterior and posterior taste bud fields contribute to behavioral quinine avoidance. These findings are discussed with regard to the distribution in the oral cavity of putative taste receptors for quinine and SOA and the peripheral organization of bitter taste.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Palatal taste buds in man: topographical arrangement in islands of keratinized epithelium.

In an attempt to find and reconstruct the exact anatomical correlate of taste sensitivity in the human soft palate, a novel approach was used to examine the mucosal surface in conjunction with serial tissue sectioning. Six human subjects, 15 to 29 years of age, 3 females and 3 males, served to take precision impressions of the hard and the anterior soft palate, using non-commercial trays and a self-curing resin. From these impressions, replicas were cast in Epon and subsequently sputter-coated with gold and examined in a scanning electron microscope. In addition, one biopsy was taken from one of the volunteers, in an area including taste bud-suspicious elements. It was found that the anterior soft palate mucosa included 10 to 30, oval to round, site-exotic islands, about 0.2-0.6 mm in diameter, which were covered by a thin, keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. These islands occurred mainly in an area located in the central part of the soft palate, immediately posterior to the hard/soft palate boundary. The keratinizing epithelium of such islands carried four to seven taste buds which were lacking elsewhere. These islands were formed by a large, mushroom-like connective tissue papilla penetrating most of the site-specific mucosal epithelium, with its cover of keratinizing epithelium, forming sharp external and internal cell-to-cell borderlines with the surrounding, non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. These findings are discussed in relation to induction phenomena necessary to form such islands, and to the variable taste sensitivity detected clinically in this region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Histological pattern of the tongue in the Japanese weasels, Mustela itatsi, with special reference to the morphology and distribution of papillae, taste buds and lingual glands].

Light and scanning electron microscopical demonstrations were carried out on the tongues of adult Japanese weasels (Mustela itatsi). Four types of papillae are present on the mucous membrane of the tongue; filiform, fungiform, vallate and foliate papillae. The vallate and foliate papillae are furnished with taste buds. Three types of lingual glands are present in the tongue; mucous (Weber's), serous (Ebner's) and mixed glands. Weber's glands are compound tubular glands which are well developed near the radix. Ebner's glands are compound tubular glands connected with the vallate papillae. Mixed glands are compound tubulo-alveolar glands and present in the lower half of the tongue, near the apex.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Analysis and comparison of partial sequences of clones from a taste-bud-enriched cDNA library.

Differential patterns of cellular development and function are determined, at least in part, by the specific gene expression of particular cells. Thus, determination of differential patterns of gene expression between tissues is likely to help elucidate molecular details of tissue-specific processes. Our hypothesis was that cells of the circumvallate papilla involved in taste perception would express genes that are not expressed in the surrounding epithelium and that determination of the nature of these genes could be helpful in our understanding of the molecular details of taste. Using partial sequencing of clones derived from rat circumvallate papillae, we have begun to characterize genes that could be important in taste. We prepared a cDNA library of whole circumvallate papillae and, by means of a novel subtraction procedure, enriched taste-specific clones. Characterization of the libraries showed that subtraction resulted in good enrichment of taste-specific clones. Here we report the partial sequencing and analysis of 410 cDNA clones from the taste-bud-enriched cDNA library. Approximately 25% of the genes were identified on the basis of their high homology to known transcripts. These included the developmentally important molecules Pax-1, esp1, Notch 1, and Notch 3 that may play roles in the continuous turnover of taste receptor cells. A further 20% of the genes had no significant homology to known DNA sequences and were identified as taste-specific by Southern blot analysis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytochemical demonstration of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in the taste buds of Testudo horsefieldi turtles upon exposure to flavored substances].

Phosphodiesterase of cyclic nucleotides was found cytochemically on the plasmat membrane of the apical part and microvillar projections of the receptor cells and, to a lower extent on the membranes of microvilli of the supporting cells as well as on the mucose granules of the taste buds of the tortoise Testudo horsfieldi. Administration of 1/250 M quinine chloride to the surface of the tongue results in the disappearance of the products of the enzymic reaction from the surface of the mentioned membranes. After application of 0.25 M surcrose, the reaction products are found within the apical part of the receptor cells on the membranes of the plain endoplasmic reticulum. Possible role of cyclic nucleotides in taste reception is discussed.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1966

Sweet-sensitive protein from bovine taste buds: isolation and assay.

Using refractometry and ultraviolet-difference spectroscopy to indicate interaction between proteins and coinpounds of low molecular weight, we found a protein fraction in bovine tongue extracts that coinplexes sugars and saccharin. The strengths of the coinzplexes parallel the degrees of sweetness of the compounds, and the effects of pH upon formation of complexes parallel the effects of pH upon sensitivity of taste buds to sweet compounds in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

MDR1 in taste buds of rat vallate papilla: functional, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evidence.

Multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (MDR1) is a membrane protein of 150-170 kDa that catalyzes the ATP-driven efflux of hydrophobic xenobiotics, including fluorescent dyes, from cells. Expressed in many epithelial tissues and in the endothelia of the blood-brain barrier, the MDR1 protein provides major routes of detoxification. We found that taste cells of the rat vallate papilla (VP; posterior tongue) had only a slow increase in fluorescence due to uptake of the hydrophobic dye calcein acetoxymethyl ester. However, the development of fluorescence was accelerated two- to threefold by substrates and/or inhibitors of MDR1, such as verapamil, tamoxifen, and cyclosporin A, and by addition of the transport-blocking antibody to MDR1, UIC2. Western blots of vallate tissue rich in taste buds with the MDR1-specific monoclonal antibodies C219 and C494 revealed an immunoreactive protein at approximately 170 kDa. In contrast, the lingual epithelium surrounding the VP showed a much weaker band with these antibodies. Furthermore, using the antibodies C494 and UIC2 with tissue sections, MDR1-like immunoreactivity was found in taste cells. These results show that MDR1 is present and functional in vallate taste cells of the rat. MDR1-related transport may achieve active elimination of xenobiotics from the sensory cells and thereby protect the peripheral taste organs from potentially harmful molecules contained in an animal's food.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1997

Expression of the putative membrane fatty acid transporter (FAT) in taste buds of the circumvallate papillae in rats.

The putative membrane fatty acid transporter (FAT) protein and its mRNA, originally expressed in adipose tissue, were found in the tongue of rats. Northern blot analysis showed a significant expression of FAT mRNA in the epithelial layer of circumvallate papillae. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that immunoreactivity for FAT is specifically localized in the apical part of taste bud cells, possibly gustatory cells, in the circumvallate papillae.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Electrophysiologically identified subpopulations of taste bud cells.

The heterogeneous population of mammalian taste cells includes several cellular subtypes specializing in distinct physiological functions. They are poorly understood at the single cell level because the available physiological data have generally been obtained from unidentified taste cells. We recorded them from individual taste cells isolated from circumvallate, foliate, and fungiform papilla of the mouse, employing the patch clamp technique, and tried to elucidate whether universal electrophysiological criteria may be established for the identification of functionally different cellular subpopulations. It was found that irrespective of the papillae type, most ( approximately 96%) of robust taste cells could be categorized into three distinct subgroups on the basis of families of whole-cell (WC) currents exhibited in response to membrane polarization. The validity of this quite simple criterion was further confirmed by using different voltage clamp protocols, ion substitutions, and channel blockers to record different ionic currents, including voltage-gated (VG) Ca(2+), inward-rectifying K(+), and hyperpolarization-activated currents. Given that our findings are based on the statistically significant number of recordings, we believe that the electrophysiological identification of taste cells presented here may be effective for further studies on single taste cell physiology, including taste transduction.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal chorda tympani transection permanently disrupts fungiform taste bud and papilla structure in the rat.

The present report examined the morphology of fungiform papillae in adult rats that received bilateral chorda tympani transection at 10 days of age. Tongue tissue was examined using surface-structure analysis. Counts were made of fungiform papillae with a pore, fungiform papillae with no pore and fungiform papillae with a keratinized conical surface; a feature referred to as "filiform-like. " Neonatal chorda tympani nerve transection resulted not only in a loss of taste buds but also in a permanent loss in numbers of fungiform papillae. Compared with an average of 152 fungiform papillae in sham-operated control rats, there was an average of only 54 fungiform papillae after neonatal chorda tympani transection. Nearly 80% of these fungiform papillae in neonatal chorda tympani transected rats were filiform-like. No filiform-like papillae were noted in sham-operated rats. These results suggest that the chorda tympani nerve is necessary during an early postnatal period of development to maintain normal fungiform papillae morphology.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

An immunohistochemical screening of neurochemical markers in fungiform papillae and taste buds of the anterior rat tongue.

The occurrence and distribution of several neurochemical markers were investigated. Numerous nerve fibres were shown, using antibodies to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, neurone-specific enolase, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P. neurokinin A or protein S-100. The presence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI), neuropeptide tyrosine, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), cholecystokinin/gastrin, glutamate and galanin was more scarce. Nerve fibres containing these above-mentioned markers were found at several locations, i.e. in the epithelium, connective tissue, and around blood vessels. In the taste buds, numerous PGP 9.5, neurone-specific enolase-, CGRP-, substance P-, neurokinin A- and protein S-100-containing structures were found, but few VIP and galanin ones. No immunoreactivity was found with antibodies against somatostatin, bombesin, enkephalin or dynorphin. These findings extend knowledge about the general as well as the neurochemical messenger-based innervation of rat fungiform papillae, forming a firm basis for future functional investigations of normal, experimental and also clinical materials.

Animals↗