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PubMed2000

Amphibian respiratory diseases.

This article describes the diseases that commonly affect the lungs, gills, and nasal passages of frogs, toads, and salamanders. Although these organs often are affected by systemic infections, only diseases that are limited to the respiratory system are discussed. Gills of aquatic amphibians commonly are affected by poor water quality, infestations by protozoa or trematodes, or infections by water molds. Nematodes in the genus Rhabias are significant pulmonary pathogens in frogs and toads. The nasal passages of frogs, toads, and salamanders may be parasitized by Bufolucilia fly larvae.

Amphibians↗
PubMed2002

Detection of Neorickettsia (Ehrlichia) risticii in tissues of mice experimentally infected with cercariae of trematodes by in situ hybridization.

Neorickettsia (Ehrlichia) risticii was demonstrated to occur in cercariae developing in Juga yrekaensis snails by experimental transmission, genetic detection and histopathology. Cercariae were isolated from the digestive glands of snails collected in a fresh stream water area of Siskiyou County, CA, and inoculated into CF1 mice. Mice developed clinical signs, splenomegaly and histopathologic abnormalities. The agent was maintained by serial passages of whole blood in CF1 mice. A 527-bp product of the 16S rRNA gene of N. risticii was serially detected by nested PCR in blood, feces, salivary gland, suprarenal gland, spleen, intestine and bone marrow of inoculated mice. N. risticii DNA was detected by in situ hybridization with DIG-labeled probe in PCR-positive salivary gland, intestine and spleen tissue sections of experimental mice on day 30 after inoculation. Infection in mice was established when cercariae were inoculated by either IP or SC routes but not established following intraoral route. N. risticii was detected by PCR in spleen, intestine and bone marrow even after 73 days post-inoculation whereas blood from the same animals became negative at 58 days. N. risticii was observed by in situ hybridization in salivary gland, spleen and intestine of mice infected by IP or SC inoculation. This ISH protocol should aid investigations on the host range of the Neorickettsiosis and pathogenesis of neorickettiosis in vector, animal or human.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of infection of Bithynia tentaculata (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) with trematodes].

The dynamics of infection of Bithynia tentaculata with 7 trematode species was examined during 5 years. Stability of parasite fauna with significant changes of infection rate has been recorded. During the period of observations the infection rate of Sphaeridiotrema globulus, Notocotylus imbricatus, Holostephanus volgensis, Pleurogenoides medians and Metorchis intermedius has decreased, while that of Psilotrema tuberculata has increased. The infection rate of Plagiorchis sp. slightly fluctuated. It was found out that the infection rate of S. globulus, P. tuberculata, Plagiorchis sp., H. volgensis and M. intermedius increases by the age of hosts. Maximal infection rate of N. imbricatus was observed in mollusks of 2-3 years old. Based on peculiarities of infection dynamics during the year, 3 groups of parasites have been recognized. 1. S. globulus, P. tuberculata and N. imbricatus show an increase of infection rate from April to August with subsequent decrease. 2. Infection rate of H. volgensis increases during the Summer and reaches maximum in Autumn. Age group of host 2+ and older ones showed some decrease of infection in the beginning of Summer. 3. First cases of infection with M. intermedius occur in May, then the infection rate increases and reaches maximum in the end of July. The infection rate gradually decreases and in the end of October the mollusks infected with M. intermedius are usually absent. An emission of cercariae is usually observed in June-August. The difference in infection rate of Bithynia tentaculata males and females was not found. Based on a complex analysis of infection dynamics and population dynamics of mollusks, different aspects of the life cycle of parasites (periods of emission, maturity and longevity of local microhemipopulations) are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Physiological responses of insular wild black rat (Rattus rattus) to natural infection by the digenean trematode Fasciola hepatica.

Wild black rat Rattus rattus is regularly infected by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica on Corsica. This report constitutes the only example of a murid rodent that plays an important epidemiological role for the Fasciolosis. We investigated the influence of such unusual parasite infection on black rat physiology by measuring its oxygen consumption at different ambient temperatures. Black rat energy requirements are influenced by body mass, temperature of the experiment and parasite infestation. The influence of the presence of F. hepatica was more pronounced for cold temperatures. The mean increase of 56% in oxygen requirements for infected rats is extremely high, indeed unexpected, according to previous knowledge. These high physiological constraints may be explained by the recent confrontation of the digenean and the rodent.

Animals↗