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PubMed1990

In vitro testing method of polymers candidate destined for contact with blood.

Research aiming at obtaining athromobogenic biomaterials destined for contact with blood have been the subject of interdisciplinary studies carried out since 1980. When testing candidate materials, it is advisable that preliminary classification as well as elimination of materials not conforming to the requirements of athromobogenesis should be performed. Practicable laboratory methods were selected facilitating in vitro evaluation of materials of modified surface and conforming to the definite requirements. The testing of candidate materials of athromobogenic properties comprises basic research methods enabling instantaneous classification. The applied experimental model comprises the following: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thromboelastography (TEG), formula: [see text] examining clotting systems by determining calcium, cephalincalcium times as well as the amount of blood platelets, biochemical examination. Application of the above-mentioned methods enables objective preliminary evaluation of candidate materials that may be applied in obtaining implantation products and medical appliances for the contact with blood.

Blood↗
PubMed1990

[Osmotic homeostasis and blood rheology in patients in the acute period of ischemic cerebral infarction].

The authors describe the role of changes in osmotic homeostasis and hemorheology in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain stroke. 48 patients experiencing an acute period of ischemic brain stroke were examined. For this purpose the following methods were employed: measurements of blood, urine and CSF osmolality by Knauer osmometer; glucose and urea by the enzymatic assay; blood electrolytes by flame photometer; aggregation of platelets, red blood cells, blood viscosity, fibrinogen, hematocrit; the ethanol test, and thromboelastography. The data obtained demonstrate that the unfavorable prognostic signs may include steady and increasing hyperosmia, rise of the mmol discriminant of osmolality to over 35-40 mOsm/l, a progressive decrease of the rheological blood parameters and of colloid-osmotic pressure together with a progressive reduction of the urine/blood osmolality, which points to the rupture of the compensation for osmotic homeostasis and decompensation for the functional system regulating the blood aggregation state.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Hemoglobin niosomes. II. In vitro interactions of plasma proteins and phagocytes].

We have studied the in vitro interactions versus some blood components of the hemoglobin niosomes whose preparation and physicochemical and oxyphoric properties have been published in a precedent paper (this journal, 1989, No. 7, p. 192). This work was devoted to the research of 1) Agglutination phenomena with ABO blood group substances, plasma, some of its components and three plasma expanders, finally main erythrocytic phenotypes. 2) Adsorption of plasma proteins by immunoelectrophoresis. 3) Effects of niosomes on blood coagulation by thromboelastography. 4) Interactions between niosomes and phagocytes by electron microscopy, chemotactic migration, oxygen consumption, superoxide generation and oxydases function. These assays allow to observe and conclude that: 1) The agglutination phenomena are almost constant except with red blood cells. The agglutinates are dissociable by shaking. The agglutination appears to be nonspecific of a niosome component but is not observed with "classical" DPPC-chol-DCP liposomes. 2) Albumin and eventually transferrin are adsorbed at the surface of niosomes but without destabilizing them. 3) The vesicules show no important effects on coagulation factors, the enhancement of clotting time appearing essentially the consequence of blood dilution. 4) Niosomes phagocytosis is important but all the measurements fail to show any cellular metabolism activation: cell oxygen consumption, oxygenated metabolites generation and oxydases activity are not enhanced whatever the "electric" charge or the niosomes/phagocytes ratio used.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Lack of hemostatic effects of adult and suckling cat salivary gland heteropolysaccharides on blood coagulation.

Like other mammalian salivary glands, the cat submandibular and parotid glands belonging to adult and growing subjects contain heteropolysaccharides with very heterogeneous composition. Such glycoconjugates were this time tested in humans at doses used previously showing anticoagulant properties in rodents and lagomorphs. But surprisingly, no anticoagulant effects could be detected consistently. In fact, neither thromboelastography, nor hemocoagulation screening tests were affected in a statistically significant manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Heterogeneous activity of rodent and lagomorph parotid gland extracts on the hemocoagulation process.

Anticoagulant properties of parotid glands belonging to four species of mammals (rat, mouse, rabbit and hare) were investigated on the hemostatic system of human being. Heterogeneous effects of the glycoconjugates extractable from different species were demonstrated by means of thromboelastography and hemocoagulation screening tests. In fact, glycoconjugates isolated from the rodent (rat and mouse) parotid glands changed all the thromboelastographic parameters and the hemocoagulation tests (Thrombin Time, Prothrombin Time, Partial Thromboplastin Time). Glycoconjugates extracted from the rabbit parotid gland strongly affected the thromboelastogram parameters in addition to the Partial Thromboplastin Time. Finally, glycoderivatives obtained from the hare parotid gland only influenced the Partial Thromboplastin Time.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood coagulation evaluation of the biocompatibility of dental plastics].

Using thromboelastography the authors have studied the effect of fluorax and ethacryl manufactured by compaction and centrifugal moulding on the coagulation properties of patients. An analysis of the mechanism of the plastic surface and monomer effects on the blood coagulation phases and platelets allow the authors to conclude that the considered stomatological materials are biocompatible and that centrifugal moulding is superior to compaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of mammal submandibular gland glycoderivatives on human hemostatic system.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glycoconjugate components extracted from the submandibular glands of four mammal species (rat, mouse, rabbit, hare) on human hemostatic system. The following analyses were performed: thromboelastography and hemocoagulation screening tests (Thrombin Time, Prothrombin Time, Partial Thromboplastin Time). Findings showed that all glycoconjugates induce modifications of fibrin clot formation time, modulus of elasticity and some hemocoagulation tests (TT, PTT). The anticoagulant effects were of inhibitory type.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of acute pulmonary embolism with a low molecular weight heparin by the intravenous route. Study of the optimal dosage].

Experimental studies on rabbits have shown that CY 222, a low molecular weight heparin (mean: 2.500 daltons), has the anti-thrombosis properties of heparin but reduces the risk of haemorrhage in optimal doses of 1.000 AXa IC (Institut Choay) units/kg/day. The safety and effectiveness of CY 222 were tested in 47 patients presenting with a less than 5 days' old pulmonary embolism. The patients were divided into three groups according to dosage: group I (n = 16) received 500 AXa ICu/kg/day; group II (n = 17), 750 AX ICu/kg/day, and group III (n = 14), 1.000 AXa ICu/kg/day. The drug was administered by continuous intravenous infusion during 10 days. Its effectiveness was assessed from the Miller index calculated on conventional pulmonary angiograms on days 0, 5 and 10. On the 10th day of treatment, the percentage of revascularization was similar in all three groups (group I 65.9 +/- 9.9 p. 100; group II 71 +/- 6.8 p. 100; group III 68 +/- 8.5 p. 100), but the improvement was significantly more rapid in group III patients. Embolism recurred in 5 cases (2 in group I, 1 in group II, 2 in group III) and was fatal in 1 case (group I). Haemorrhagic complications were noted in 3 cases (group III patients). Except for thromboelastography, all coagulation tests were unmodified by CY 222. The anti Xa and the (very low) anti IIa activities of the drug were directly related to the doses administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hemostasis development in the lamb fetus and neonate.

Fetal and neonatal lamb hemostasis were studied from the 60th day of pregnancy to birth. Platelet counts and blood coagulation, as assessed by tests such as recalcification time and thromboelastography, were similar in fetuses, neonates, and adult sheep. The values of coagulation factors were low, ie, vitamin K-dependent Factors II, VII, IX, and X remained unchanged (30 and 40% of adult reference values) until the last 10 days of gestation, and then increased until birth (40 to 60%). Values of fibrinogen and Factor V followed a similar pattern, although their activities became identical to adult values at birth. Also, we measured values of protein C and antithrombin III, which are synthesized by the liver. The importance of hepatic failure and fetal vitamin K deficiency were discussed. Factors VIII and XII activities increased gradually during pregnancy to reach adult values at birth. Fetal fibrinolytic activity increased. This could not be explained by the values of tissue-type plasminogen activator (it was not detectable) or by the presence of its fast-acting inhibitor, whose concentration did not decrease.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of the thymus on the activity of immunoreactive peptides].

Influence of the thymic gland on the biology activity of peptide mediators--cytomedins, has been studied in the content of different organs. The peptide which was obtained from the liver, spleen and muscle of sham-operated animals enhanced immune response on the sheep red cells, lengthened indexes of thromboelastography, and activated fibrinolysis after its administration to the thymectomized rats. The peptides from organs of thymectomized animals lost this ability. These findings confirm the hypothesis on the regulating function of the thymic gland in the synthesis and activity of cytomedins in the tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Thromboelastographic assays of the clotting process in situations of obesity and caloric restriction.

A study on blood clotting has been carried out in a number of obese individuals and compared to a group of non-obese persons, in order to assess if the former can be considered to be in "high risk" regarding the onset of a thromboembolic process. The technique of thromboelastography was chosen. The results point out that in obese people a series of alterations take place, both in the time of clot formation, which is enlarged, as in the organization of its nets, which appear strongly structured, favoured by the hyperfibrinogenemia and thrombocytosis detected in these subjects. Likewise, the effect of a hypocaloric diet on clotting in obese persons has been evaluated and compared with the former groups. Clotting in treated obese individuals is modified in the same way as in the untreated group when compared to the non-obese population; nevertheless, when both groups of obese people are compared, no significant difference is observed in the different parameters studied, even though constants determined in citrated whole blood are closer to normality in the subjects undergoing caloric restriction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Neuropathologic syndromes in the late period of closed cranio-cerebral injuries].

Using a comprehensive psychoneurological examination including a number of paraclinical methods (EEG, REG, echoventriculometry, thromboelastography, audiography, etc.) the authors studied 160 war veterans who had sustained a closed craniocerebral injury of a mild or moderate degree during the Great Patriotic War. The following neuropathological syndromes most characteristic for its long-term period were identified: cochleo-vestibular disorders, oculomotor and optico-vestibular disorders, as well as vegetovascular, hypothalamic, Parkinsonism, dyssomnic, epileptic and hydrocephalohypertensive syndromes. The authors also describe a number of the features of these syndromes related to the type of the course of the long-term period of the injury and to the predominance in the clinical picture of the disease of posttraumatic or cerebrovascular disturbances.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Thromboelastographic evaluation of mini-dose heparin in minor surgical procedures.

Five dogs weighing approximately 10 kg were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium 30 mg/kg intravenously (IV) and an initial sample of blood was drawn by jugular venipuncture for control values of thromboelastography (TEG). Immediately after venipuncture, mini-dose heparin (80 units/kg) was administered subcutaneously. One hour later, 0.5 ml blood was obtained by (A) jugular venipuncture for TEG, and an indwelling catheter immediately introduced into a femoral vein by cut-down. Blood samples for TEG were obtained via cut-down at (B) 15 min (C) 30 min, and (D) 60 min after cut-down. Low-dose heparin had no effect on the hemostatic parameters as measured by TEG and did not prevent the accelerated coagulation associated with surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Blood coagulation abnormalities in the Schönlein-Henoch syndrome in adults.

23 adult patients with Schönlein-Henoch's syndrome were observed between 1965 and 1976. Nephropathy was noted in 18, gastrointestinal bleedings in 13, thrombosis of legs in 4, cases. Haemostasis was studied in the successive phases of the process on 185 occasions altogether. The studies included four different capillary tests, thromboelastography, the Gerendás coagulogram, determination of partial thromboplastin time and two platelet-function tests. Additional renal biopsy was performed in 10 cases, mesocolon and skin biopsy in one case each. The results of at least one of the capillary tests were found positive in each of the patients in some stage of the process. The coagulation status was marked by hyperocagulability either in itself or combined with laboratory signs of hypocoagulability. Immunohistological study of the biopsy specimens revealed glomerular fibrin deposits in 7 cases. On the evidence of the follow-up studies the laboratory tests may be used for the assessment of the activity of the process. The alternatives of local intravascular coagulation (LIC) or of compensated diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) are offered for the interpretation of hypercoagulability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hemostatic changes after saline infusion.

An in vitro trial was performed to detect a thrombotic tendency in patients receiving saline infusions before surgery. The following tests were performed: thromboelastography (TEG) with the three indices of the reaction time (r), clot formation time (k) and maximum amplitude (MA), and antithrombin III, which was investigated immunologically as well as by a functional test with a chromogenic substrate and an automated method. The use of these tests together with others for the detection of high-risk patients is suggested, since no single laboratory test was found to be sufficient for the prediction of thrombotic diseases.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1985

[Value of paraclinical methods of examination in the differential evaluation of posttraumatic and vascular cerebral pathology in the late period of wartime closed craniocerebral injuries].

Using a number of electrophysiological (EEG, REG, echoventriculometry and audiometry) and biochemical (thromboelastography and determination of blood lipids) methods the authors examined comprehensively 95 men aged 56-70 years who had sustained a closed craniocerebral injury including blast contusion during the Great Patriotic War. The most informative signs were identified which may be used as additional criteria of the severity of traumatic and vascular changes of the brain in a long-term period of a war-related closed craniocerebral injury both for the purpose of therapy and expert medical evaluation of the working capacity.

Aged↗
PubMed1974

Heparin treatment in abruptio placentae.

Two cases of abruptio placentae with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were treated with heparin, and coagulation was monitored by thromboelastography as well as the usual hematology tests. The cases demonstrated the vagaries of DIC and both showed decreased overt hemorrhage after heparin treatment was started. Heparin may be indicated for the management of abruptio placentae where delivery is not imminent, where significant disseminated intravascular coagulation exists, and when adequate serial coagulation studies are available.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1977

Coagulation disorders in severely and critically injured patients.

Forty-five patients with multiple injuries treated at an intensive care unit were studied prospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: the severely injured (no mortality) and critically injured (56% mortality). Treatment was started within two hours from the accident in all cases. The following coagulation parameters were measured for eight days: euglobulin lysis time (ELT), thromboelastography (TEG), vecalcification time (RECA), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), factor V, factor VIII, Normotest, Thrombotest, thrombin time, fibrinogen and platelets. Severe coagulation disorders were observed in one-third of the patients 12-48 hours after trauma. The abnormalities were more pronounced in patients who had sustained very severe injuries and arrived in a state of shock. The ELT was shortened 0-6 hours after the accident and accelerated coagulation was indicated simultaneously by decreased PTT, RECA, and r-values as well as by elevated Thrombotest and factor VIII values. The factor V and fibrinogen levels were initially lowered. Low platelet values at 2-4 days, prolonged thrombin and r-times, secondary decrease of fibrinogen FV, FVIII, and low Thrombotest values suggested disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with complications, such as fat embolism and "shock lung" syndromes. General bleeding tendency with high mortality was observed in 16% of the patients.

Adult↗