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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Thorotrast-induced extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the cervical region. Report of a case.

This is the seventh reported case of soft tissue sarcoma attributed to thorotrast extravasated during the course of an injection for arteriography. An extraskeletal osteosarcoma occurring the cervical region of a 51-year-old man 30 years after a cerebral arteriogram is presented. The other reported cases include a fibrosarcoma, two neurofibrosarcomas, two spindle cell sarcomas, and an extraskeletal chondrosarcoma. The latency period has varied from 5 to 30 years. The thorotrast granules are readily identified in macrophages near or adjacent to the tumor, and the demonstration of alpha tracks on autoradiographs is diagnostic.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Nonsecretory plasma cell dyscrasia followed by acute granulocytic leukemia 25 years after Thorotrast administration.

Twenty-three years after an injection of Thorotrast, profound depression of humoral and cellular immunity associated with extensive marrow plasmocytosis developed in a man aged 75 years. Twelve months of chemotherapy with L-phenylalanine mustard, resulted in hematologic remission. Radioautograph of his marrow showed signs of alpha-radiation; whole body counting revealed a significant thorium burden. One year after chemotherapy was stopped, and two years after initial presentation, aleukemic acute granulocytic leukemia led to his death. The role of thorium in the etiology of possibly two successive hematopoietic neoplasms is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Fourteen-year remission of acute leukemia in a patient exposed to thorotrast.

A case report of a patient who developed acute myelogenous leukemia 15 years after injection of Thorotrast and who has been in a sustained long term remission for 14 years is presented with a review of the problems associated with Thorotrast, subsequently shown to be radioactive with long term sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Thorotrast-associated sarcoma of bone: A case report and review of the literature.

An osteosarcoma developed near the right lesser trochanter of a 55-year-old woman. The neoplasm fulfilled the generally accepted criteria for a Thorotrast related malignancy. Strengthening this relationship was the occurrence of the tumor in an unusual location and uncommon age group. Thorium was confirmed both in the tumor and in bone marrow histiocytes by its characteristic x-ray spectrum. Including this case only twelve Thorotrast-associated neoplasms of bone have been reported. The mean latency period after Thorotrast administration was 26 years. Regression analysis revealed that latency period and Thorotrast dose are inversely related. All tumors were reported to be sarcomas. Six osteosarcomas, one fibrosarcoma, one chondrosarcoma, and one undifferentiated sarcoma were proven histologically. All patients, for whom follow-up was given, had died of the tumor. The reasons behind the low frequency of reported Thorotrast-associated bone malignancies may be the low concentration of 232Th and radioactive daughters in bone, long latency period or the general lack of knowledge concerning the possible relationship between Thorotrast and bone tumors. Statistical association between Thorotrast injection and bone sarcoma is shown. The criteria for the diagnosis of Thorotrastosis are discussed as well as the long term deleterious effects. The distribution of Thorotrast within the body is discussed as well as the associated radiographic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Thorotrast-induced hepatic angiosarcoma, and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma in a single patient.

A 64-year-old man developed hepatic angiosarcoma, and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma, 36 years after Thorotrast administration. The patient presented with a large mass in the right upper quadrant. His serum alpha-fetoprotein increased from 800 ng/ml to 51.2 micrograms/ml, and liver biopsy disclosed hepatocellular carcinoma. At autopsy, the liver had two different malignant neoplasms; angiosarcoma and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. Metastases of angiosarcoma to both lungs and of cholangiocarcinoma to periaortic lymph nodes were also seen. Interestingly, some neoplastic cells of angiosarcoma exhibited globular hyaline inclusions, which were Periodic-Acid-Schiff reaction positive and diastase-resistant.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1982

Thorotrast-associated cholangiocarcinoma: an epidemiologic and clinicopathologic study.

Six cases of Thorotrast-associated cholangiocarcinoma (TACC) are studied and compared with eight previously reported cases as well as with cases of non-TACC. TACC shares some epidemiologic features both with non-TACC as well as Thorotrast-associated angiosarcoma (TAAS) but appears to occur in younger patients than non-TACC. There is an apparent increased prevalence of both benign and malignant thyroid disease in the current group of patients with TACC; previous epidemiologic studies have not identified this phenomenon. Thorotrast-associated hepatic fibrosis was present in all 14 TACC cases; otherwise, both non-TACC and TACC are clinically and morphologically similar. Bile duct dysplasia and/or transition to adenocarcinoma, which occurred in all the AFIP cases, are seldom described in case reports of either TACC or non-TACC; in the current study they served to validate the intrahepatic origin of the tumors.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1988

Thorotrast-associated gliosarcoma. Including comments on thorotrast use and review of sequelae with particular reference to lesions of the central nervous system.

The occurrence of a glioblastoma with sarcoma, a gliosarcoma, in the left frontal-temporal area of a 49-year-old woman with a history of Thorotrast exposure, is described. Thorotrast-laden histiocytes and free Thorotrast material were found in both components of the tumor. An overlying, adherent dural cranial lesion was found to contain massive deposits of Thorotrast embedded in a dense fibrotic and sclerotic stroma with focal calcification. These features are typical of "Thorotrastoma." Thorotrast stains greenish-brown with hematoxylin and eosin and appears as refractile granular particles of relatively uniform size either within histiocytes or as free material. The radioactivity of the deposits was confirmed through the use of a scintillation counter, and 232 thorium was definitively identified though the use of scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Immunohistochemical studies of the tumor demonstrated glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in areas of glioma and focal vimentin and actin immunoreactivity in areas of sarcoma. Thorotrast-associated lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) are infrequently reported, and a Thorotrast-associated gliosarcoma has not yet been reported. The use of Thorotrast, its radiobiology, and sequelae are reviewed with particular emphasis on lesions occurring in the CNS.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Pathomorphologic characteristics of 102 cases of thorotrast-related hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatic angiosarcoma.

The pathomorphologic characteristics of 102 autopsy cases of Thorotrast (Th)-related hepatic malignancies were described and compared to the features of non-Th-related cases. Among the 102 Th-related hepatic malignancies, 44 (43.1%) were cholangiocarcinoma (CHC), 39 (38.3%) were angiosarcoma (AGS), 16 (15.7%) were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 3 (2.9%) were double cancer. In the non-Th-related cases approximately 90% were HCC, and AGS was very rare. Grossly, the majority (91.7%) of Th-related CHC was located in the middle-peripheral portion of the liver. In contrast, 77.8% of the non-Th-related cases were located in the hilar portion. Th-related AGS was classified into four types: diffuse micronodular, multi-nodular, massive, and mixed multi-nodular and massive. Histologically, AGS was characterized by two cell types (spindle-shaped cells and polyhedral cells) and three growth patterns (sinusoidal, cavernous, and solid). In noncancerous areas foci of varying degrees of sinusoidal dilatation with hyperplastic changes of sinusoidal lining cells were observed in all AGS cases and in some of the cases of Th-related CHC and HCC cases. In many (80%) of the non-Th-related HCC, mixed macronodular and micronodular cirrhosis was associated. By contrast, in Th-related HCC cases cirrhosis was superimposed on varying degrees of hepatic fibrosis related to Th deposition in only four cases (21.1%). Taken together, these findings suggest that Th influences are more carcinogenic to epithelial cells of the bile duct and sinusoidal lining cells than hepatocytes.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗