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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A new concept in blepharoplasty.

Apart from what may be considered complications, the intervention of any aesthetic surgery can have undesired effects (scar sequelae, normal regional dynamic disorders, edema, iatrogenic acceleration of the aging process in the area). The orbital region is particularly sensitive to these undesirable effects due to its situation and the importance of the eyelids in facial sign language. The sum of these undesirable effects and not infrequent complications often place the plastic surgeon in a compromising situation. It is for this reason that in recent years we have made a special effort to analyze causes, to design new techniques, and to evaluate the combination of different techniques in an attempt to minimize these undesirable effects, so as to be able to offer patients more natural and safer results. It is with this intention that this paper records some anatomical and functional details of the eyelids, analyzes the physiology of the aging process, and examines some classic and modern techniques.

Eyelids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sentence intonation and syllable stress in speech produced during simultaneous communication.

This study investigated prosodic variables of syllable stress and intonation contours in contextual speech produced during simultaneous communication (SC). Ten normal-hearing, experienced sign language users were recorded under SC and speech only (SO) conditions speaking a set of sentences containing stressed versus unstressed versions of the same syllables and a set of sentences containing interrogative versus declarative versions of the same words. Results indicated longer sentence durations for SC than SO for all speech materials. Vowel duration and fundamental frequency differences between stressed and unstressed syllables as well as intonation contour differences between declarative and interrogative sentences were essentially the same in both SC and SO conditions. The conclusion that prosodic rules were not violated in SC is consistent with previous research indicating that temporal alterations produced by simultaneous communication do not involve violations of other temporal rules of English speech.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of vowel environment on fricative consonant duration in speech produced during simultaneous communication.

This study investigated the effect of vowel environment on fricative consonant duration in contextual speech produced during simultaneous communication (SC). Previous studies (Schwartz, 1969) of vowel influences on consonant duration supported the notion of anticipatory scanning, in which final vowel targets influence the duration of preceding fricative consonants. Ten normal-hearing, experienced sign language users recorded palatal and alveolar fricatives produced in four vowel environments in contextual sentences under SC and speech-only (SO) conditions. Results indicated longer sentence durations for SC than for SO, and significant effects of vowel context on fricative consonant duration in contextual speech in both SC and SO conditions that revealed similar anticipatory scanning effects as seen in previous studies. These data confirm previous research indicating that the temporal alterations produced by simultaneous communication do not involve violations of the temporal rules of English speech.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Psychomotor development in 65 home-reared children with cri-du-chat syndrome.

The psychomotor development of 65 noninstitutionalized individuals with cri-du-chat syndrome was examined through parental questionnaire responses and supporting medical records. Social quotients determined by a Vineland Maturity Scale ranged from 6 to 85, the ages at which developmental milestones were attained varied from the upper limits of normal to six years delayed. Achievement levels were influenced favorably by the early introduction of special education, and were affected adversely by the presence of an unbalanced translocation. This study suggests that many children with cri-du-chat syndrome can attain developmental and social skills normally seen in 5- to 6-year-old children, although their linguistic abilities are seldom as advanced. Contrary to the commonly portrayed clinical picture of severe mental retardation and bedridden debilitation, the older home-reared cri-du-chat child was usually ambulatory, had a moderate degree of independence in self-care skills, and was able to communicate either verbally or through gestural sign language. Physicians and parents should be aware of the full range of psychomotor potential of the child with cri-du-chat syndrome in order to make informed decisions concerning institutional placement.

Achievement↗
PubMed1999

A survey of the accessibility of chiropractic clinics to the disabled.

OBJECTIVE: To determine to what degree chiropractic clinics are complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which mandates that health care clinics be accessible to the disabled. METHODS: A survey was developed and mailed to 200 chiropractic clinics in Orange and Los Angeles counties. The survey asked about the essential necessities for health care clinics to be accessible to the wheelchair-bound, the blind, and the deaf. It also sought to discover how many disabled patients these clinics were treating and the attitudes of practitioners and staff toward this population. RESULTS: The response rate was 50.5%. Accessibility for the wheelchair-bound was high. Accessibility for the blind was limited by a lack of Braille signs. Accessibility to the deaf was limited by lack of telecommunications device for the deaf or use of sign language interpreters. Most clinics were treating few or no disabled patients and did not perceive a need to become more accessible. CONCLUSION: There appears to be poor compliance with the ADA in chiropractic clinics in Los Angeles and Orange counties. Although data are lacking, it appears likely that the disabled population is being underserved by the chiropractic profession. Education for chiropractors on the rights and needs of the disabled population is necessary to give this group equal access to chiropractic health care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

A method to break the cognitive barrier between a deaf child and a hearing parent.

A deaf child actively uses about 1000 concepts in common with the hearing world. The rest of his up to 10,000 concepts belong to sign language and cannot be accurately translated into written language. This makes it difficult for the deaf to understand a normal written text, especially its abstractions. We have developed a new communication system in order to break the barrier between the hearing and the deaf. In this system a deaf child speaks with a writing hand-piece terminal through an FM route to a small unlimited text-to-speech synthesizer carried by the parent. The parent answers similarly to a 48-grapheme alphanumerical display carried by the child on a rack in front of him. The parent's unit with a speech synthesizer weighs about 2 kg and its size is about 7 X 20 X 25 cm; the size of the child's unit is one half of that and it weighs, with the display, 2 kg. Even a 4-year-old child carries the apparatus easily; nevertheless a still lighter unit is under construction. The system takes the learning process to everyday situations and makes it possible for a deaf child to converse in the normal written and spoken language. Thus, his concept capacity in the spoken language can be increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Inflectional morphemes in the manual English of young hearing-impaired children and their mothers.

Spontaneous sign-language samples were collected in a controlled interactive situation from 20 young hearing-impaired children and their mothers. Inflectional morphemes in the samples were described by cher attributes and classified for syntactic function within utterances. Inflectional morpheme productivity did not increase significantly with age; mean manual English morphemes per utterance did increase with age. The first six inflectional morphemes used by the children studied were the same as those used by normal-hearing children. A good predictor of the child's use of inflectional morphemes was the mother's use of these morphemes.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Patterns of early lexical and cognitive development in premature and full-term infants.

The linguistic and cognitive development of 26 premature and 27 full-term infants was studied longitudinally over the first 3 years of life. Infants in the premature population included 12 who were below 1500 g in birthweight and an even larger number with "at risk" signs. Language samples were collected in the home approximately every other month, the children were given experimenter-designed tests periodically, and mothers were asked to keep diaries of their children's lexical development. The children were given standardized tests as they exited the study. Cognitive development was also measured periodically. The patterns of lexical and cognitive development of the prematures did not differ markedly from those of full-term infants. There were no significant differences between the prematures as a whole and the full-term infants on standard language test measures as they exited from the study. There were significant differences between the very low birthweight and full-term infants on two of the exit measures. However, the performance of the very low birthweight infants was well within the range of normal on these two measures. The nature of the study and the factors that might have led to lack of differences between the two groups are discussed.

Cognition↗
PubMed1991

Working hypnotically with deaf people.

Little attention has been given to the utilization of hypnosis with deaf people. In a recent study, we compared objective and subjective responses to two different hypnotic induction techniques by deaf and hearing undergraduate women. We presented hypnosis techniques orally to hearing subjects and visually, using sign-language, to deaf subjects. Results from this study failed to reveal any significant differences on objective or self-report levels of trance depth between the two populations. Our purpose in this article is to examine the similarities and differences of the induction process and hypnotic responses, including trance indicators, between deaf and hearing subjects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Review of papers presented at the Round Table session on social and emotional development in deaf children: services in four countries.

In the Round Table discussion after the keynote lecture given by anthropologist Laura Lakshmi Fjord, presentations were given by Anna-Lena Tvingstedt, psychologist, PhD and research fellow, Malmö University College, Sweden; by Brita Edlund, Sign Language teacher and chair of the Finnish/Swedish association for parents of deaf children, Finland; by Dusan Kuhar, psychologist and family therapist at the Education center for deaf and hard-of-hearing children in Ljubljana, Slovenia and by Felicity Gifford, teacher of the deaf, State Coordinator of Services to Deaf and Hearing Impaired students, Department of Education, Tasmania, Australia. The focus of the session was set on needs and processes in a family when the diagnosis of a deaf child has just been given. This paper is a summary of the four presentations.

Affect↗
PubMed2000

Do we understand the speech of deaf adolescents? An evaluation and comparison of the intelligibility in two similar research projects from 1979 and 1995.

The intelligibility of the speech of orally educated deaf pupils was the subject of a research project conducted in Norway in 1979. The sample consisted of all 15 adolescents from the 7th, 8th and 9th grades of a school that offered boarding accommodation. The pupils were videotaped as they uttered pre-constructed phrases. Normal hearing adults evaluated the speech. Some pupils were understood, while the speech of others was practically impossible to decipher. On average, about half of the words were understood. In the 1980s, teaching through sign language became common and articulation training became rare. To see if this change in teaching method reduced the intelligibility of oral speech, a replication study was conducted in 1995. The results of the two studies, however, were very similar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Are social workers turning a deaf ear? A study of social services to the deaf.

This study assessed the quality and quantity of social services received by deaf persons residing in Salt Lake County, Utah. It was found that although a majority of human service agencies in the county have had some contact with deaf clients, only those agencies that have made an effort to develop programs especially for the deaf and employ someone who is skilled in sign language could deliver services effectively to this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Septo-orbitoperiostoplasty for the treatment of palpebral bags: a 10-year experience.

The orbital region is sensitive to the undesirable effects of any surgical intervention, because of its anatomical location and the importance of the eyelids in facial sign language. The procedures performed for correction of baggy eyelids may have remarkable undesired results. In recent years, we have made a special effort to analyze the causes, to minimize these undesirable effects, and to be able to offer patients more natural and safer results. We have designed a new technique called septo-orbitoperiostoplasty for the treatment of baggy eyelids, based on preservation of orbital fat and correction of the supportive layer. This technique consists of placing the orbital fat back into the orbital cavity and its retention by suturing the lax septum to the periosteum of the orbital rim. Neither an incision on the orbital septum nor an excision of the orbital fat is performed. It can be performed for both upper and lower eyelids. This paper describes the surgical procedure and shows the results obtained from 74 patients who had been treated with this technique over a 10-year period. All patients were followed up for an average of 5 years.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

The extraction and use of facial features in low bit-rate visual communication.

A review is given of experimental investigations by the author and his collaborators into methods of extracting binary features from images of the face and hands. The aim of the research has been to enable deaf people to communicate by sign language over the telephone network. Other applications include model-based image coding and facial-recognition systems. The paper deals with the theoretical postulates underlying the successful experimental extraction of facial features. The basic philosophy has been to treat the face as an illuminated three-dimensional object and to identify features from characteristics of their Gaussian maps. It can be shown that in general a composite image operator linked to a directional-illumination estimator is required to accomplish this, although the latter can often be omitted in practice.

Face↗
PubMed1997

Content-based indexing of images and video.

By representing image content using probabilistic models of an object's appearance we can obtain semantics-preserving compression of the image data. Such compact representations of an image's salient features allow rapid computer searches of even large image databases. Examples are shown for databases of face images, a video of American sign language (ASL), and a video of facial expressions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

The cultural bounds of maternal accommodation: how Chinese and American mothers communicate with deaf and hearing children.

Children with special needs typically require family accommodation to those needs. We explore here the extent to which cultural forces shape the accommodations mothers make when communicating with young deaf children. Sixteen mother-child dyads (8 Chinese, 8 American) were videotaped at home. In each culture, 4 mothers interacted with their deaf children, and 4 interacted with their hearing children. None of the deaf children knew sign language, nor spoke at age level. We found that mothers adjusted their communicative behaviors to their deaf children, but in every case, those adjustments were calibrated to cultural norms. American mothers, for example, increased their use of gesture with deaf children but stopped far short of the Chinese range--despite the obvious potential benefits of gesturing to children who cannot hear. These findings provide the first cross-cultural demonstration that children are, first and foremost, inculcated into their cultures and, only within that framework, then treated as special cases.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

Detection of behavioural and emotional problems in deaf children and adolescents: comparison of two rating scales.

The aim of this study was to establish rates of behavioural and emotional problems, and of social maladjustment, in a population of deaf children, particularly in relation to different methods of communication. The parents of 84 children who attended two schools for the deaf took part. They completed the parents' checklist (PCL), a behaviour rating scale for deaf children, and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), a measure widely used in the general population. The two instruments were significantly correlated on the severity of behavioural and emotional problems, but their previously established cut-off scores detected different rates of possible clinical cases, i.e. children with mental health disorders. According to the CBCL, 40% of children were within the clinical range, and 82% were socially dysfunctional compared with the general population. The PCL identified a much higher percentage (77%) of caseness. Behavioural and emotional problems were significantly higher in Asian children. Although all subjects used sign language, the additional use of speech, which may indicate increased hearing ability, had a protective effect for adolescents. The findings are discussed in relation to the validation of the instruments and the development of intervention programmes for deaf children.

Adolescent↗