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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The distribution of HLA in a Polynesian population-Western Samoans.

HLA and gene frequencies are presented for a Polynesian population-the Western Samoans. Within the HLA-A locus A2, A9 and A11 have the highest frequencies and account for 55% of the alleles in this locus. The alleles BW22 and BW40 had the highest frequencies in the HLA-B locus and accounted for 51% of the alleles. The blank gene frequencies for the HLA-A and B loci are .382 and .373 respectively. Significant linkage disequilibrium was found with the haplotypes A1,B7; A3,B7;A2, BW40; A9, BW40 A9, BW22. The most frequent haplotype was A2,BW40. Comparatively low values within this population and between this and other Polynesian populations are discussed in terms of selection, migration and drift.

Alleles↗
PubMed1982

Mild hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Jk3: a serologic study of the family's Kidd antigens.

This report presents the first prospectively followed case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Jk3 alone. A Samoan woman with known anti-Jk3 was closely monitored during her third pregnancy. Because of elevated delta OD values in the amniotic fluid and rising titer of serum antibody, labor was induced at 36 weeks gestation. The cord red blood cells were coated with IgG, and anti-Jk3 was eluted from the cord cells and the placenta. A family study was done quantitating the expression of Kidd antigens by titrations and scores. Although titrations and scores have been reported to identify cells carrying the silent allele Jk in the heterozygous state, in this family, dosage differences were noted with only 1 of 2 Jk-heterozygous daughters.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Ritual Samoan body tattooing and associated sporotrichosis.

A 36 year old Samoan male who developed cutaneous sporotrichosis as a result of traditional body tattooing is reported. It is considered that the tattooing procedure was responsible for introducing the infection. He was treated with itraconazole, which produced resolution of the lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

mecA Locus diversity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Brisbane, Australia, and the development of a novel diagnostic procedure for the Western Samoan phage pattern clone.

An emerging public health phenomenon is the increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections that are acquired outside of health care facilities. One lineage of community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) is known as the Western Samoan phage pattern (WSPP) clone. The central aim of this study was to develop an efficient genotyping procedure for the identification of WSPP isolates. The approach taken was to make use of the highly variable region downstream of mecA in combination with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) defined by the S. aureus multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database. The premise was that a combinatorial genotyping method that interrogated both a highly variable region and the genomic backbone would deliver a high degree of informative power relative to the number of genetic polymorphisms interrogated. Thirty-five MRSA isolates were used for this study, and their gene contents and order downstream of mecA were determined. The CA-MRSA isolates were found to contain a truncated mecA downstream region consisting of mecA-HVR-IS431 mec-dcs-Ins117, and a PCR-based method for identifying this structure was developed. The hospital-acquired isolates were found to contain eight different mecA downstream regions, three of which were novel. The Minimum SNPs computer software program was used to mine the S. aureus MLST database, and the arcC 272G polymorph was identified as 82% discriminatory for ST-30. A real-time PCR assay was developed to interrogate this SNP. We found that the assay for the truncated mecA downstream region in combination with the interrogation of arcC position 272 provided an unambiguous identification of WSPP isolates.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2002

Impaired fatty acid oxidation in muscle of aging rats perfused under basal conditions.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the utilization of fatty acids (FA) and muscle substrates by skeletal muscle in young, middle-aged, and old adult rats under conditions of euglycemia with low insulin levels. Male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats aged 5, 15, or 24 mo underwent hindlimb perfusion with a medium of 8 mM glucose, 1 mM palmitate, 25 microU/ml insulin, [1-(14)C]palmitate, and [3-(3)H]glucose. Glucose and palmitate uptake were similar among age groups. The percent and total palmitate oxidized (nmol.min(-1).g(-1)) were 30-36 and 41-49% lower (P < 0.05) in 15-mo- and 24-mo-old than in 5-mo-old animals. Compared with 5-mo- and 15-mo-old animals, pre- and postperfusion muscle triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated 91-305% in red and 118-219% in white muscles of 24-mo-old animals. Fatty acid-binding protein content was 40-64% higher (P < 0.05) in 24-mo- than in 5-mo- or 15-mo-old animals. In red muscle, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) content was 28% lower (P < 0.05) in 24-mo- than in 5-mo-old animals. These results indicate that, under euglycemic conditions in the presence of low insulin levels, the reduction in FA disposal to oxidation and the decrease in HSL content may contribute to the accumulation of TG in muscle of old animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Seroepidemiology of human syncytial virus: antibody prevalence in the Pacific.

A seroepidemiological survey of the human syncytial (foamy) virus was done by means of an indirect immunofluorescence test on 1,717 sera from nine different Pacific island territories. The specificity of the reaction was verified by neutralization tests. The study indicated that the virus is ubiquitous in this part of the world, with no region being entirely free of antibody. The antibody prevalence ranged from a low of 1.2% in Ponape to a high of 15.6% in the Cook Islands. The average prevalence for the nine insular communities was 6.9%.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Beta-globin gene haplotypes in Polynesians are predominantly southern Chinese in type.

beta-Globin gene haplotypes obtained in Polynesian Samoans were similar to those described in Southern Chinese. An atypical HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism detected with pRK29, a 3' beta-globin gene probe, was present at a gene frequency of 7% in Samoans. Haplotype patterns suggest that this polymorphism may have arisen by 1 or 2 mutational events. DNA haplotypes derived from the beta-globin gene cluster confirm nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data that Polynesian precursor populations were East Asian in origin.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11↗
PubMed1995

Children of South Sea Island immigrants to Australia: factors associated with adjustment problems.

Social-delinquent problem youth of South Sea Island immigrant to Australia parents, were compared to non-problem youth from the same circumstances, on family, sociocultural, personality, and substance abuse variables. Interviews and testing were done by members of their own community. A consistent pattern of differences most pronounced for males was found between the two groups although not all reached statistical significance. The problem youth compared to the non-problem youth tended to come from families somewhat lower in socioeconomic level, somewhat less traditional in culture, and notably more prone to discipline by physical punishment than by verbal reasoning. The problem youth had significantly lower self-esteem, significantly higher maladjustment test scores, and significantly greater use and problems with alcohol and drugs. They were more alienated and had less clearly established direction for their future. Recommendations for remediation are considered.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2006

Network composition and health behaviors among older Samoan women.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to explore how kin and nonkin social support networks influence health behaviors among older Samoan women. METHOD: Using a cross-sectional survey design, 290 Samoan women who were age 50 years and older were interviewed. Using separate logistic regressions, each health behavior was regressed on age and kin and nonkin social support networks after controlling for background characteristics and health status. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, higher scores on kin increased the likelihood of never salting food, getting screened for diabetes in the past year, and having had a mammogram in the past 2 years, whereas higher scores on nonkin increased the likelihood of exercising at all and ever trying to lose weight. DISCUSSION: Kin networks positively affect mostly chronic disease-related health behaviors, whereas nonkin networks positively affect mostly lifestyle-related health behaviors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Nursing in the Pacific Basin: a crisis in health care.

Nurses in the US-Associated Pacific island jurisdictions face a number of problems. Data were collected in 1992 from staffing analyses, unpublished documents, and discussions with nurse leaders to record the status of nursing. The political context of nursing practice, current nursing practice, the nursing workforce, development of nursing resources, and the commitment of local governments are reviewed. Specific recommendations to address the problems are listed.

American Samoa↗