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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Normal sense of smell in Kallmann syndrome. A case report].

BACKGROUND: Kallmann's syndrome (KS) was first mentioned in 1944 as an association of anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Causes are multiple genetic defects the most common of which is the x-linked KS appearing mostly in men. However, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms have also been described. PATIENT: We present a case of KS with normosmia (male, 39 years of age). All symptoms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were present. RESULTS: Psychophysical olfactory testing revealed left-sided anosmia with right-sided normosmia which was confirmed by electrophysiological measures of olfactory function. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated aplasia of the left olfactory tract and bulb, whereas the right-sided structures appeared to be normal. CONCLUSIONS: As indicated in this case with lateralized anosmia and contralateral normosmia, overall olfactory function strongly depends on the "best" nostril. Therefore, in many clinical situations, lateralized olfactory testing appears to be extremely important.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maintenance of weight loss using taste and smell sensations.

The mechanism responsible for matching the intake and expenditure of nutrients in order to maintain body weight is not fully understood. Seven females learned to terminate the act of eating when the pleasantness of flavor of food subsided during a meal. By the end of 1 month, significant weight loss took place in the study group compared with the baseline weight (p < 0.01) and was maintained throughout the study period of 1 year. Focusing on the changes in oronasal sensory signals during a meal could facilitate weight maintenance.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Blind smell: brain activation induced by an undetected air-borne chemical.

EEG and behavioural evidence suggests that air-borne chemicals can affect the nervous system without being consciously detected. EEG and behaviour, however, do not specify which brain structures are involved in chemical sensing that occurs below a threshold of conscious detection. Here we used functional MRI to localize brain activation induced by high and low concentrations of the air-borne compound oestra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraen-3yl acetate. Following presentations of both concentrations, eight of eight subjects reported verbally that they could not detect any odour (P = 0.004). Forced choice detection performed during the presentations revealed above-chance detection of the high concentration, but no better than chance detection of the low concentration compound. Both concentrations induced significant brain activation, primarily in the anterior medial thalamus and inferior frontal gyrus. Activation in the inferior frontal gyrus during the high concentration condition was significantly greater in the right than in the left hemisphere (P = 0.03). A trend towards greater thalamic activation was observed for the high concentration than the low concentration compound (P = 0.08). These findings localize human brain activation that was induced by an undetectable air-borne chemical (the low concentration compound).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Temporal synchrony and integration of sub-threshold taste and smell signals.

The importance of stimulus timing and location on the perceptual integration of taste and odour was studied based on a sub-threshold methodology. From a panel of 16 people, 12 showed the integration effect previously reported while 4 showed no effect. The experiment was repeated using retronasal and orthonasal delivery of the odour and with tastant present or absent in the mouth. Integration of taste and odour only occurred when both stimuli were present at the same time. Retro- or orthonasal presentation both produced integration providing that tastant delivery was synchronous but the threshold values for the two presentation methods were different. The relevance of these findings to flavour perception under realistic conditions is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sit up and smell the roses better: olfactory sensitivity to phenyl ethyl alcohol is dependent on body position.

Previous studies have demonstrated that body position can alter auditory sensitivity. Here we demonstrate for the first time that olfactory sensitivity for the commonly used odor phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) (rose odor) is also dependent on body position. By using successive dilutions presented in a staircase protocol, we determined olfactory thresholds for PEA in 36 healthy participants (18 women) in both an upright and a supine position. Participants had a significantly greater olfactory sensitivity when tested in an upright than a supine position, with no significant differences between the sexes. This preliminary study sets the stage for further work on the interaction between olfactory functions and our biology. The implications for olfactory neuroimaging studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗