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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Effects of topical application of insulin on the wound healing in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of topical application of small dose of insulin on the wound healing of the scalded rats, so as to explore its mechanism. METHODS: The rats employed in the study were subjected to deep partial thickness burn and were divided into group A (with subcutaneous injection of isotonic saline into the rat wounds as control), B and C (with subcutaneous injection of 0.1 U and 1 U insulin in the rat wounds respectively) and D (with subcutaneous injection of 0.1 U insulin in the rat abdomen as control). The wound healing time and wound healing rate were assessed every other day after 3 postburn days (PBDs). The histological changes of the wounds after injection were examined, the changes in the cell cycle of epidermal cells in the wound were analyzed by flow-cytometry, and blood glucose concentration of each group was determined. RESULTS: The wound healing time in group B (18.36 +/- 4.12 d) was significantly shorter than that in other groups (A: 24.57 +/- 5.19 d, C: 21.46 +/- 2.97 d, D: 24.50 +/- 1.05 d, P < 0.01). The wound healing rate of the rats in group B in 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 PBD was obviously higher than that in group A, and was markedly higher than that in group C on 17 PBD (P < 0.05 - 0.01). The epithelial layer was thinner with less epidermal nails but much more fibroblasts in epidermal layer in group A, while the epithelial layer was thicker with abundant epidermal nails in group B and C with many fibroblasts in the dermis. The amount of cells in S phase at 4 PBD in group B was dramatically higher than that in group A, and cells in G2M phase at 4 - 5 PBD in group B was also higher than that in group A and C (P < 0.05 - 0.01). The blood level of glucose in group A and B fluctuated between 3.42 to 4.62 mmol/L at 24 PBH, while that in group C and D decreased obviously 1 hour after injection (P < 0.01), but gradually returned to normal 4 hours after injection. CONCLUSION: Local injection of small dose of insulin may accelerate burn wound healing due to its role in promoting the proliferation and division of the repairing cells.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Kawasaki disease and scald injuries: a possible association.

The cause of Kawasaki disease (KD) is still unknown. Evidence is available to support both a conventional infection, as well as a superantigen-mediated illness. The cases of two children who were hospitalized with scald injuries are presented. Both patients became febrile without an infectious source and subsequently developed typical KD, that responded to treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, without cardiac sequelae. The temporal association between the thermal injury and the onset of KD could be explained by the entry of an infectious agent(s), toxin or superantigen through the compromised skin barrier, leading to an inflammatory vasculitis and the clinical manifestations of KD.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Mechanism of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in postburn acute pulmonary injury in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway in the production of the proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in lungs and in the pulmonary endothelial cell injury in severely scalded rats. METHODS: Forty eight adult healthy SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with 16 rats in each group, i.e. sham, burn and burn with SB203580 treatment groups. The changes in the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta contents in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the von Willebrand factor (vWF) contents in plasma and pulmonary microvessels and pulmonary activating protein (AP-1) activity were determined at 24 postburn hours (PBH). RESULTS: Compared with those in sham group, the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta contents in serum and BALF and the vWF content in plasma (194.2% +/- 28.3% vs 93.2% +/- 14.3%) at 24 PBH in burn group increased significantly (P < 0.01), whereas vWF content in pulmonary microvessel decreased obviously (1.1 +/- 0.3 vs 3.3 +/- 0.4, P < 0.01). In addition, the pulmonary AP-1 activity also increased at 24 PBH. Nevertheless, all the above indices improved obviously in burn with SB203580 (inhibitor of p38 MAPK signal transduction pathway) treatment group when compared with those in burn group. CONCLUSION: AP-1 might mediate the production of proinflammatory factors, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in lungs leading to pulmonary vascular endothelial injury, after being activated by activated p38 MAPK.

Acute Lung Injury↗
PubMed2005

[Expression of androgen receptor on fibroblast and hepatocyte of rats after deep second-degree burn caused by scalding].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of protein anabolic hormone on fibroblast and hepatocyte of rat and the mechanism therein involved. METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rats with deep second-degree scald injury of 20% total body surface area (TBSA) were randomly divided into two groups to receive either 5 mg/kg of an anabolic steroid--nandrolone phenylpropionate (NP group) or normal saline as placebo (control group) every other day. Mean Integrated Optical Density (mIOD) of androgen receptor (AR) in fibroblast and hepatocyte of rats were measured by immunohistochemistry individually on the post-burn days 4, 7, 14 and 21. RESULTS: The expression levels of AR on fibroblast and hepatocyte in NP group were significantly higher than those in the control group respectively. CONCLUSION: Nandrolone phenylpropionate can enhance the expression and activation of AR on fibroblast and hepatocyte.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of tricaprylin emulsion on protein turnover in scald burn rats.

Recently, the beneficial effects of administration of medium chain triglyceride (MCT), such as rapid oxidation and the efficient nitrogen sparing effect under severe stress, have been reported by many investigators. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of tricarpylin ++ on protein metabolism in comparison with long chain triglycerides (LCTs). Male Wistar rats weighing about 200g received scald burns on 25% of their body surface area and were given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (228kcal/kg/day, 1.8g/kg/day of nitrogen) for 3 days. For the tricarpylin and the LCT groups, 50% of nonprotein calorie (NPC) was supplied with each lipid emulsion, and for the control group NPC was supplied with glucose alone. After TPN, the rate of protein turnover was measured by the method of Picou and Taylor-Roberts. Nitrogen balance, ketone bodies, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were also measured. The daily nitrogen balance was significantly more improved in the tricaprylin group than in the LCT and control groups. The rate of protein synthesis was higher than the rate of protein breakdown in the tricaprylin group. There was no significant difference in blood ketone bodies among the three groups. GOT and GPT levels increased in the LCT and the control groups but remained within the normal range in the tricaprylin group. There was no significant difference in blood ketone bodies among the three groups. GOT and GPT levels increased in the LCT and the control groups but remained within the normal range in the tricaprylin group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 in scalded rats].

The function of lymphocytes and macrophages after a 20% full-thickness scald injuries in a rat model was observed. After injuries, no significant change was found in phagocytic activity of macrophage. The interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity increased on 1th, 3th, 5th day (P less than 0.05) as compared with control. This result showed that the function of phagocytosis in macrophage is different from secretion. Lymphocyte proliferation decreased in ConA stimulated on 3th day after injury, the interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity decreased significantly on all days (12hr-5th day) (P less than 0.01). These might be related to the decrease of IL-2 and the decrease of immune function after burn injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric burn prevention: an evaluation of the efficacy of a strategy to reduce tap water temperature in a population at risk for scalds.

The efficacy of a strategy to prevent tap water scalds was evaluated in a population at risk. Educational pamphlets and liquid crystal thermometers for testing water temperature were distributed to 12 families, each of which had at least one child under the age of 3 and one child over the age of 3. Participants were visited individually by an investigator who monitored tap water temperature in a standardized manner and personally provided the educational material. No statistically significant decrease in hot water temperature occurred as a result of the intervention. The number of heaters operating at a safe temperature was not statistically different pre- and postintervention. Whether participants altered their thermostat settings or not, there was a tendency to maintain postintervention settings at 1-month follow-up. Capitalizing on this tendency by installing heaters at preset safe temperatures was discussed, as were changes in heater design and areas for additional research.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1988

[First aid for severe burns and scalds in childhood].

A marked increase in the rate of admission of children with burns and scalding has been observed since 1977 at the Paediatric Hospital of Vienna University. The average age of 94 patients admitted between 1982 and 1986 was 2.2 +/- 2.1 years. An analysis of the age group 1 to 2 years revealed that burns with an extent of up to 10% of the body surface were seen in 18% of patients, up to a body surface of 20% in 18%, and more than 30% of the body surface in 5.3%. Among the entire group of 94 patients 32.9% had burns of up to 10% of the body surface, 41.4% of up to 20%. Written information as to primary care at the place of injury or in the nearest hospital was obtainable in only 35 out of 94 patients (38%). 21.1% of all patients had a raised temperature on the day of admission to this hospital as a consequence of a negative fluid balance. However, only 4 patients (4.2%) out of the 94 were transferred because of fever and/or septicaemia. Guidelines are proposed as to primary care at the site of trauma and during transport to hospital on the basis of a survey of the literature.

Burns↗
PubMed1985

Effects of scald injury on hepatic PO2, blood flow, and ultrastructure in the rat.

Stagnant hypoxia has been suggested as a significant factor underlying acute liver disease following thermal injury. To examine this possibility in circumstances of moderate scald injury, rats were dipped (15% body surface area) in 90-95 degrees C water for 25 sec, fluid resuscitated, and studied at 1, 6, and 24 h. Hepatic PO2, obtained by multicathode surface measurement, was reduced significantly at 1 h (10.8 vs. 20.8 mm Hg in controls), although clearance times for low dose indocyanine green (ICG) suggested normal liver blood flow. The reduction of PO2 was transient; at 6 h levels were only slightly lower than in controls. At 24 h, however, liver PO2 was again reduced significantly, albeit less deeply (14.9 mm Hg). Increased clearance times for low and high dose ICG at 24 h suggested impairment of both blood flow and hepatocyte function. Hepatic ultrastructure showed foci of cells with anomalous and degenerate mitochondria, atypical of those associated with hypoxia. Sinusoids were often occluded by aggregates of vesicles of hepatocyte origin. It is not clear that acute restriction of oxygen availability during the first hour postburn was of sufficient intensity to cause the liver pathology evident at 24 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Acute death from scalding: vital reactions (author's transl)].

After a boiler explosion on a ship 12 men with cutaneous scalding of 90-100% of body surface were found dead. 15 other fatalities occured after different intervals. This investigation deals with the histomorphologic changes in those 12 cases of instantaneous death. The most important findings consisted of: 1. Thermal injuries of the skin with multiple subcutaneous and corial bubbles, intravascular heat coagulation, and edema in the transitional zone to the undamaged submucosa. 2. Coagulation necrosis of the tracheal and bronchial wall extending to alveolar ducts in central parts of the lung. Marked congestion and edema in the deeper layers of the mucosa. Hemorrhagic alveolar and interstitial edema of the lung. Striking congestion of the pleura parietalis saving up the recessus diaphragmaticus. 3. Acute nephron-nephrosis and periglomerular microangiopathy. Interstitial edema of the myocardium, degeneration of myofibrils. Acute vacuolar degeneration and swelling of hepatocytes. Phagocytosis of detritus by the RHS. 4. Swelling of endothelium and edema of the vascular walls. Intravascular fragments of erythrocytes, platelet aggregation and fibrin thrombi. The fatal cours in these cases is considered to be due to a fulminant shock syndrome.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed1979

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an adult with Hodgkin's disease.

An elderly man with Hodgkin's disease who was receiving multiple drug chemotherapy became septic and a wide spread bullous eruption developed. Intraepidermal cleavage on skin biopsy supported a diagnosis of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) type of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Blood cultures confirmed a staphylococcal septicemia. Occurrence of this syndrome in an adult is unusual. A review of the literature on SSSS indicates an increased mortality when adults are compared with children with this syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1966

Toxic epidermal necrolysis: the scalded skin syndrome.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a condition that may occur in all age groups and resembles skin scalding. It presents as a generalized, markedly tender erythema and rapidly progresses to bullous desquamation of the superficial epidermal layers and systemic toxicity.The condition was first described in 1956. A review of the recent literature suggests that the incidence of the syndrome is increasing or it is being recognized more frequently. Its etiology has not been established, but it may represent unusual hypersensitivity to drug, bacterial, viral or immunization factors. The mortality rate in reported cases is approximately 30% and young children and debilitated adults are at greatest risk.Recently, two children with this condition were successfully treated at the Montreal Children's Hospital, using protective isolation, intensive nursing care, intravenous antibiotics and hydrocortisone hemisuccinate. Early use of corticosteroids may inhibit the progression of epidermal necrolysis and improve the prognosis.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1982

[Multiple atypical milker's nodes in scalded areas].

This case report describes the occurrence of multiple atypical milker's nodules in scalded skin. This hitherto unknown manifestation of paravaccinia virus infection is transmitted indirectly by virus contaminated water.

Burns↗
PubMed1980

Nosocomial scalded skin syndrome. Ritter's disease caused by phage group 3 Staphylococcus aureus.

Three cases of generalized exfoliative staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) were encountered during a 25-day period in a nursery for premature infants. A single strain of Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 42E/54/75 (group 3), was recovered from each of the three infants and from no others. Two of the three isolates were tested and both produced epidermolytic toxin (ET). Most cases of SSSS have been associated with phage group 2 strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nursery outbreak caused by a phage group 3 staphylococcus. It illustrates that ET production and not phage type distinguishes S aureus strains that are associated with SSSS.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1984

Generalized staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an anephric boy undergoing hemodialysis.

Generalized staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a toxin-related epidermolytic disease that predominantly affects previously healthy infants and children younger than 5 years. In contrast, the majority of the reported adult cases have been associated with underlying diseases, suggesting that immunosuppression and renal insufficiency are important predisposing conditions for this age group. We report herein a case of adult-type SSSS in an anephric 10-year-old boy. Patients undergoing hemodialysis who have chronic renal failure may be uniquely predisposed to the SSSS by virtue of their decreased glomerular filtration rate, associated uremic immunodeficiency, and a high incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Scalds to preschool children.

A survey of scalds to 64 children under five years of age was undertaken. The results showed that there was a wide variety of circumstances which resulted in these injuries. The significance of developmental aspects is demonstrated, as is the need to modify the child's environment. Poor supervision was not a significant factor in the incidents described. The problems associated with implementing various preventive strategies are discussed. It is concluded that more attention needs to be given to improving the effectiveness of "active" countermeasures due to the lack of practical "passive" countermeasures.

Beverages↗
PubMed1981

Scald burns from hot tap water.

Hot tap water is a common source of household burn injury. The charts of all patients hospitalized for tap water scalds in Dane County, Wisconsin, during a ten-year period were reviewed. Of 33 patients, 29 (88%) had readily identifiable risk factors: 17 (52%) were children younger than 5 years; three (9%) were older than 65 years; ten (30%) were physically or mentally disabled. One additional person was burned in a nonhome environment. Of the five deaths, three occurred in children younger than 30 months, and two occurred in patients older than 70 years. Almost all of these injuries could have been prevented by lowering the temperature of the household water heater to below 54.4 degrees C (130 degrees F) and preferably between 48.9 and 51.7 degrees C (120 to 125 degrees F). Physicians can play an important role in the prevention of this type of injury.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1995

Baby walker associated scalding injuries seen at University Hospital Kuala Lumpur.

Baby walker associated injuries are occurring in Malaysia. Most are not noticed as paediatricians are more concerned with the treatment of the injury and forget the preventive measures required to overcome this problem. We believe that baby walkers should be banned in Malaysia as the risks of injury far outweighs any benefits. We present 4 cases of baby walker associated scalding injuries.

Burns↗