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PubMed1987

Dynamics of equi-factor antibodies in sera of foals kept on farms with differing histories of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.

The occurrence of equi-factor antibodies in sera of mares and their foals was studied on two horse breeding farms, one of which (Farm A) had a positive and the other (farm B) a negative history of R. equi infection of foals. The equi-factor neutralization (EFN) and the reverse Elek-Ouchterlony (REO) precipitation were used as assays. On Farm A, 25 mares positive in both tests (EFN+ REO+) and 25 mares negative in both tests (EFN- REO-) was chosen. On Farm B, a group of 25 EFN- REO+ mares and a group of 25 EFN- REO- mares were studied. The first serum samplings in mares were 1 week ante partum and the subsequent samplings in both mares and foals were in the first week after birth and at the end of every month of the foals' age up to 6 months, with further samplings at 8 and 12 months. A higher number of seropositive foals was found on Farm A, but the difference between Farms A and B was not significant. The smallest number, with the lowest titres, was among the foals of EFN- REO+ dams. The number of foals positive in the REO test was higher than in the EFN test. The onset of EFN positivity was found in foals on both farms in the first month of their age, always culminating in the third and fourth months in titres varying between 1:64 and 1:2048, after which time it fell until it disappeared altogether or reached values of 1:4. The results showed the widespread nature of subclinical infection with R. equi on horse farms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiology of Rhodococcus equi infections: a review.

An overview of epidemiology of R. equi infection in foals is presented, emphasizing the importance of the virulence-associated antigens and plasmids as epidemiological markers. The monoclonal antibody-based colony blot test has been developed to identify rapidly and accurately virulent R. equi. Epidemiological studies conducted during the recent 5 years have revealed that: (1) avirulent R. equi are widespread in the feces of horses and their environment on every farm; (2) the feces of horses and the environment of the horse farms having endemic R. equi infections demonstrated heavy contamination with virulent R. equi, but the farms without the problem did not, thus suggesting that foals bred on a farm with endemic disease are exposed more frequently to virulent R. equi in their environment than those of a farm without the problem; (3) only virulent R. equi are isolated from lesions of naturally infected foals, showing that natural infections in foals are principally by virulent R. equi, but not avirulent organisms; (4) infected foals which constantly shed large quantities of virulent R. equi in their feces are the major source of virulent R. equi, which this may be the mechanism of progressive development of infection on farms with a history of the disease. At present, farms with a potential for endemic infection can be distinguished on the basis of the contamination with virulent R. equi, so regular examination of foals and their environment by virulence markers might be the most practical approach to control R. equi infection on endemic farms.

Actinomycetales Infections↗