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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

On the quest for the origins of conflict.

The psychoanalytic genetic point of view was developed initially to account for choice of symptom in terms of points of regression and the conflict that developed around the expression of drives formerly not opposed. Later, clinical problems gave rise to positing an earlier and earlier anlage for conflict and symptom formation. The data on direct observation of preverbal infants and rules for validation of retrospective constructs are reviewed. The psychoanalyst's interpretation of symbols is emphasized as the most cultivated skill of our science. A restraint on genetic theory formation derives from the discontinuities in method between the task of analyzing and that of infant observation.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1976

Primary femininity.

In Freud's theory of the origins of femininity in females, there is a stage unaccounted for in the chronology of the little girl's development: the first many months of life are not considered. We know by now that castration anxiety, penis envy, and the traumas and frustrations of oedipal conflict are easy to demonstrate; but if the first stage in female development is different from Freud's description-if a fundamental, fixed sense of being rightfully a female is established in earliest childhood-then our psychology of women needs repair. The factors that make up this stage, with examples, are reviewed: (1) a biological "force": the effect of circulating fetal sex hormones on the brain of the fetus; (2) sex assignment: the announcement at the time of birth to the parents that they have had a boy or a girl (or a hermaphrodite); (3) parental attitudes: the effects of the sex assignment on parents, then reflected back onto the infant; (4) "biopsychic" phenomena: early postnatal effects caused by certain habitual patterns of handling the infant-conditioning, imprinting(?), or other forms of nonconflictual learning; (5) developing body ego: sensations, especially from the genitals, that define the child's dimensions. I suggest that one can divide the development of femininity in females into two phases, both of which lead to adult femininity, but each of which contributes in a different manner. The first, nonconflictual in origin, contributes a sense of femaleness and some of what allows for one's looking feminine; the second, the result of conflict, especially oedipal, produces a richer and more complicated femininity, not merely one of appearances, but one enriched by desires to perform with the substance, rather than just the façade, of femininity.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Countertransference as therapeutic instrument in analytic child psychotherapy].

In the process of psychoanalysis or psychoanalytical therapy countertransference plays a significant role: On the one hand still unconscious countertransference reactions of the therapist hinder the progress of the patient, especially when they lead to an acting-out of the countertransference resistance. On the other hand every analyzed countertransference reaction helps directly in understanding the patient and furthers of the process of therapy itself. This also applies to analytical child-therapy, which is demonstrated by means of some case histories.

Child↗