Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PSYCHOSES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cycloid psychoses. A case report].

Cycloid psychoses, described by Leonhard, have a sudden onset, unstable polymorphic delusion symptomatology, labile state of consciousness, lack of physical symptoms, quick remission with no residual mental abnormalities and normality between episodes. Leonhard distinguished three clinical forms: anxiety-happiness psychosis, excited-inhibited confusion psychosis and hyperkinetic-akinetic motility psychosis. The essential characteristics of this clinical subtypes are: polymorphism, global disturbance of psychic life, acute appearance of symptoms, total insomnia 3 days before onset of symptomatology, intra and interepisode lability, polar structure, tendency to repetition of episodes (phases) and a good long-term prognosis. We present a patient's clinical history and evolution that illustrate the characteristics of this kind of endogenous psychoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative effectiveness of preventive use of lithium carbonate, carbamazepine and sodium valproate in affective and schizoaffective psychoses].

To specify differentiated indications for preventive use of normothymic drugs, a prospective study was made of 3 groups of patients with phasic endogenous psychoses, comparable as regards the main ++clinico-anamnestic characteristics. The patients had been administered lithium carbonate (LC, 30 persons), carbamazepine (CRB, 30 patients), and sodium valproate (SV, 28 patients) for no less than one year. It was discovered that all the drugs exhibited marked preventive action to an equal degree. The mean annual magnitude of the total duration of the affective symptomatology reduced by 49.3% in LC administration, by 55.9% in CRB, and by 45.6% in SV administration; the rate of episodes decreased by 53.8, 57.5 and 52.2%, respectively. The anticonvulsants produced a stable preventive effect more rapidly (within the first 2-3 months of the treatment) as compared to LC. CRB had a more pronounced preventive efficacy in atypical affective and schizoaffective psychoses as well as in depressions, particularly in those with predominance of anxiety. As for its activity profile, SV approximated LC and was more effective in psychic endogenomorphous variants of MDP with a typical circadian vital symptom-complex. Unlike LC, the anticonvulsants demonstrated a well-defined capacity to interrupt the continual course of circulatory disorders including the "rapid cyclicity" phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Characteristics of forming internal picture of ischemic heart disease by patients with endogenous psychoses].

To study formation of the internal picture of coronary heart disease (CHD), 116 patients with schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis who suffered angina pectoris attacks and myocardial infarction were followed up. The control group was made up of 106 CHD patients treated at the cardiological hospitals. Of these, 88.6% manifested borderline neuropsychic disorders due to the underlying heart disease. It has been established, that in patients suffering from psychoses, the hyponosognosic and anosognosic types of CHD survival (79.3% of cases) prevailed as compared to the control group (4.8% of cases). Unlike the control group patients, in patients with endogenous psychoses, the psychological and social factors lose their crucial importance in formation of the internal picture of CHD. Correct assessment of interrelations between the mental and somatic disease may contribute to improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of CHD as well as to the carrying out of rehabilitation measures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An ethological model of endogenous psychoses].

Our theory deals with the causality of the endogenous psychoses, considered as a shift of the systems of social behaviour that, in the natural history of our species, are supposed to have controlled the "Social homeostasis": territorial intolerance and dominance hierarchy. The subjective feeling of displacement beyond the boundaries of the group territory would trigger the paranoid syndrome, while the inner experience of an invasion of the own domain would lead to paranoia; hierarchical sudden ascent fits to the maniac syndromes, and the decay of dominance to depression. Intermingled emergence of territorial and ranking vectors allows us to obtain the syndrome profiles of mixed and atypical states with schizomorph and affective components. This causal model gives unity, as well as explanatory and comprehensive principles, to the clinical syndromes formed in the evolution of the endogenous psychoses.

Ethology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Controversies about duration of untreated psychosis as independent prognostic variable of the evolutive course of schizophrenic psychoses].

This study reviews recent literature on duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its most relevant characteristics and controversial issues, such as: a) why DUP has been pointed out as a main variable in first-episode psychosis research, and b) the role of DUP in designing intervention programs for the design and different action strategies in early intervention programs in psychoses. The authors also present data from a 2 year follow-up study of 231 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or schizophreniform disorder (according to DSM-IV criteria). Results are included, analyzing DUP as prognostic factor for clinical outcome. Our conclusions suggest that DUP is a risk marker but not an independent prognostic factor determining follow-up in schizophrenic psychoses. Therefore, DUP's role in early intervention programs should be redefined.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed1976

[Mental disorders caused by organic illness. The symptomatic psychoses. Conclusion].

Especially in times when psychodynamic points of view in psychiatry seem the main focus of attention, one must not forget the primary somatic basis of many psychic disturbances. If such cases are not promptly diagnosed, there is a danger that appropriate therapy will be neglected. Since every imaginable type of psychic symptomatology can at times be organically caused, the organic point of view still is of immense practical value. In addition, this latter aspect is of great theoretical importance, because it illuminates the dynamic process not only of the symptomatic psychoses but also of the so-called endogenous psychoses. After a short review of alterations of consciousness as well as the presentation of a detailled case report, psychic disturbances, which at first glance appear not to be organically determined, are described and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Endogenous psychoses and consanguinity (among an isolated population)].

++Clinico-genealogical and structural-dynamic analyses were made of endogenous psychoses, paranoid in structure under conditions of their accumulation in an isolated population. Study of 3 generations (forefathers, parents, sibs) in 55 families has demonstrated a high level of psychic morbidity among them: schizophrenia (58.1%), epilepsy (24.3%), oligophrenia (8.3%). The combination of schizophrenia and epilepsy was established in 6.3% of cases. It is assumed that the familial forms of psychoses in isolates are inherited by the polygenous autosomal and recessive type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Psychoses in epilepsy].

The heterogenous psychoses in epilepsies, caused by well known conditions, are not rare but associated with regularly a few of seizure-types not with the nature and development of attacks. Polar transitional ranks and converging courses of schizophrenic (accentuated) syndromes in epilepsies and idiopathic schizophrenias are rather frequent. Also (sub-)acute schizophrenic psychoses are corresponding to the complete palette of first and second rank symptoms (K. Schneider) of idiopathic schizophrenias. After manifestations of epilepsy these syndromes can appear at any time. It is given a profile of risks. Progressive avoidance of a. phenylaceturea, b. mixtures of antiepileptics did not put an end to psychotic syndromes: Long-term therapies with 1. Polytherapy, 2. Primidone and Phenytoin (dosedependant) as well as 3. Ethosuximide (-monotherapy) cause a disorder of feed back mechanisms, especially a disturbed regulation of vigilance and sleeping-waking-cycle and their psychological correlates. Carbamazepine and Sodium Valproate are, plasma-level-controlled of preventive antipsychotic effect. Selected neuroleptics of rather slight epileptogenic potency are of going down importance. Benzodiazepines are required mostly in prepsychotic syndromes, Lithium compounds in selected cases. There is no more alternative seizures or psychosis.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1978

[Electroencephalography in clinical research into psychoses (author's transl)].

At present EEG investigations in heterogenous acute schizophrenic and psychotic syndromes suggest changes in the regulating, reticulo-thalamo-cortical, functional system. One may further assume that cerebral functional changes consist of a dissociation of normally closely linked functional systems. In favor are findings in functional psychoses ("Funktionspsychosen"), also the dissociation of usually coordinated systems in normal psychologic changes during going to sleep and REM stages of dreams. A further thalamohippocampo-reticulo system which might act in parallel to the activating reticular system has become important in EEG research into psychoses. Changes here probably in part of focal EEG phenomenon localized in the temporal region. Here, too, EEG findings in schizophrenic syndromes requiring further proof emerge.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Motility psychoses in childhood and adolescence?

Motility psychoses belong to the group of cycloid psychoses. Three patients with this syndrome were presented. With the help of symptoms, course and prognosis the independence of this rare form of psychosis in childhood and adolescence was discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Use of electroconvulsive therapy for breaking the continual course of drug-resistant affective and schizoaffective psychoses].

To break continuous psychoses, the ECT (5 to 10 sessions daily or every other day) was given to 20 patients with affective and schizoaffective psychoses, who suffered not less than 3 affective cycles a year and were resistant to the preventive therapy with lithium carbonate or carbamazepine++ on condition they were used continuously for a year. After the ECT was completed the preventive therapy carried out before was resumed. It has been discovered that the mean value of the total duration of the affective symptomatology for a year and the mean number of affective episodes seen during a year dropped considerably. Complete "breaking" of continuous psychosis with formation of a steady remission lasting not less than 5 to 6 months could be attained in 8 patients including 3 out of 8 patients with "rapid cycling" phenomena. The breaking effect of the ECT was more probable in patients with no signs of organic CNS failure, less disease standing and less period of the continuous disease proper as well as in the presence of well-defined remissions between the episodes, predominance and greater intensity of the depressive cycles as compared to the manic ones. The use of the ECT which brought about "breaking" for the time being of the circular symptomatology enabled lithium to exhibit its normothymic stabilizing activity to a greater degree as compared to carbamazepine.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1989

[Acute organic psychoses in the hospital. I. Clinical and differential diagnosis].

In the general hospital, some patients may exhibit major mental disturbances secondary to a physical disorder. Early diagnosis of the organic etiology of these psychiatric disorders is essential, since the sooner an etiological treatment is applied, the better is the prognosis. In most cases, these psychiatric organic disorders should be treated in the general hospital. The article intends to make the non-psychiatric physician more familiar with the diagnosis of acute psychoses, especially in helping him to distinguish the organic from the 'functional' psychoses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Symptomatic psychoses].

Acute exogenous reactive types (AERT), exogenous, somatogenic, organic and symptomatic psychoses have essentially identical or very similar symptoms. The terms can thus be used promiscue. The concept of symptomatic psychosis is according to the common convention superior to other psychoses it appears, however to be superfluous. It must involve direct or indirect brain damage. It seems therefore more useful to use for AERT the term organic psychosis. There is no reason why to derive all forms of AERT from impaired consciousness, as lucid consciousness being a global psychic function makes their diagnosis possible and episodic interpolated qualitative disorders of consciousness could not occur. The organic psychosyndrome is characterized by a reduction of psychic functions, the majority with an irreversible course. In case of a marked lesion of certain brain structures the topical characteristics may be reflected in psychic symptoms, more frequently, however, the premorbid structure of the personality and its compensating mechanisms play a part. Therefore it is justified to separate the local psychosyndrome which from the external aspect is identical with psychoendocrine psychosyndrome. For the diagnosis of symptomatic psychic disorders K. Schneider's and Weitbrechts preprequisites are essential. AERT may end by cure, death or development into organic psychosyndrome.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Cause-time trends in epidemiology and many-year cycles of birth of patients with endogenous psychoses].

Chronocausal approach with its phase-spatial analytical system was used in the analysis of multi-year undulations of birth rate in 6815 cases of endogenous psychoses in the cities of Andizhan, Moscow, Novgorod and Novosibirsk. The gradients of severity of psychoses and the patients' sex and hereditary factors were also studied in Andizhan. The 10-years cycles of the patients' birth rate and gradients of the indices under investigation were discovered which are believed to be an important evidence for the early ontogenetic impact of external etiological factors. The new trend is considered as a more adequate than the conventional (spatial) one in terms of the nature of mental diseases.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1989

[Dexamethasone test in the diagnosis and treatment of affective psychoses].

The results of dexamethasone test (DT) in patients with affective psychoses are presented. Of these, 61 were investigated in depressive state, 15 in mania, 28 in intermission. The control group consisted of 29 schizophrenic patients without affective symptoms, 15 reactive depressed and 42 healthy persons. The level of serum cortisol was determined using the competitive radioassay. The baseline cortisol levels were higher in endogenous depressions as compared to control with the degree of cortisol reduction in endogenous depression reduced against any other group. The DT sensitivity was 55.7% in endogenous depressions, 40.0% in mania and its specificity about 93%. The cases of pathological DT results were more frequently observed in the affective group with familial anamnesis of endogenous psychoses.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1987

[Preventive effect of dipropylacetamide in bipolar manic-depressive psychoses].

Dipropylacetamide (DEPAMIDE) was administered to 60 patients with bipolar manic-depressive psychoses. The dosage was 900 mg per day, administered orally. In 5 (8%) of the patients gastrointestinal disorders were observed. Administration of lithium carbonate results in undesirable side-effects in 50% of the cases. Our clinical experience shows dipropylacetamide to have a considerably slighter toxic effect on the human organism than lithium carbonate. We regard Dipropylacetamide (DEPAMIDE) as a valuable and significant addition in the prophylaxis of affective disorders, notably bipolar manic-depressive psychoses.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1987

[Reactive psychoses in general psychiatric practice (epidemiological aspects)].

Clinico-epidemiologic examination of 1003 cases of reactive psychoses conducted on the basis of materials accumulated in the course of general psychiatric practice in two regions of Siberia and the Far East over 20 years made it possible to obtain new data on the prevalence, age and sex-related structure as well as pathomorphosis of the disease. The main psychotraumatic factors inducing reactive psychoses in general psychiatric practice are systematized.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Drug therapy and psychobiological research advances in the psychoses in the past decade.

There have been major advances in the treatment of psychoses in the past decade, particularly in the area of maintenance therapy with lithium, tricyclics, and neuroleptics. Such efforts have been enhanced by methods of relating plasma drug levels to clinical efficacy. Research in genetic factors, the mode of action of pharmacological agents, and hormonal influences on psychopathology has added to our theoretical understanding of the psychoses, and we can hope for further advances from sophisticated new methodological tools. Promising areas of investigation include the search for genetic markers, studies of postsynaptic neuronal receptors, and examination of the effects of polypeptides, including endogenous opioid compounds.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗