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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Three-dimensional analysis of increased vasculature around the glomerular vascular pole in diabetic nephropathy.

In diabetic nephropathy, several small vessels are frequently observed around the glomerular vascular pole in addition to the usual afferent and efferent arterioles. To elucidate the morphology of these abnormal small vessels, a three-dimensional study was performed by using computer-aided reconstruction techniques. In the present study, the renal tissue samples of 21 biopsy and 73 autopsy cases of diabetic glomerulonephropathy were examined. In addition to ordinary light microscopic observations, three series of serial sections from one autopsy and two biopsy cases were analysed. Five glomeruli with increased numbers of vessels around the vascular pole were reconstructed three-dimensionally. The vasculature in and around the glomerulus was analysed in detail by rotating and viewing in different planes via computer-generated three-dimensional images. These vessels anastomose to the lobular structure of the intraglomerular capillary network, mainly to the afferent branches through the widened vascular hilus. The distal end of the vessels anastomoses to the peritubular capillary. The increased vasculature is interpreted as neoangiogenesis resulting from diabetes, which may have a functional role in facilitating efferent blood flow from the glomerulus.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Osmotic reversal induces assembly of tight junction strands at the basal pole of toad bladder epithelial cells but does not reverse cell polarity.

This paper reports the effect of reversing the osmotic environment between luminal and serosal compartments of a toad urinary bladder on the polarity of assembly of tight junction strands. Toad bladders were filled with Ringer's solution (220 mOsm) and were immersed in distilled water at room temperature or at 37 degrees C. Within two minutes, new tight junction strands are assembled. The new tight junctional strands unite the basal pole of epithelial cells with the apical side of basal cells. Physiological studies show that oxytocin, a synthetic analog of antidiuretic hormone, is still capable of inducing increases in water transport in epithelia which were osmotically reversed. This capacity decreases significantly for longer periods of osmotic reversal. Osmotic reversal does not alter the original polarity of epithelial cells: the apical tight junction belt, at the apical pole, is not displaced; the freeze-fracture morphology typical of apical plasma membrane (particle-rich E faces; particle-poor P faces) is not altered; oxytocin and cyclic AMP induce aggregates which are observed only at the apical plasma membrane. Massive assembly of junctional elements occurs even in epithelia preincubated in the presence of cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) or of cytoskeleton perturbers. Our experiments show that the polarity of assembly of tight junction strands depends on the vectorial orientation of the osmotic environment of the epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The natural history of reflux in the lower pole of duplicated collecting systems: a controlled study.

Thirty two children with reflux into the lower pole of duplicated collecting systems, followed non-operatively for one to five years, were compared to a carefully selected control group of similar children who had reflux into a single collecting system. There were no significant differences between the two groups, either in the outcome of reflux or in the incidence of new renal scars. We conclude that reflux into the lower pole of a duplex kidney does not in itself constitute an indication for early surgical treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Differential diagnosis of adrenal tumour and upper pole renal tumour by I-131 cholesterol adrenocortical scintigraphy.

A 27-year-old housewife with right hypochondralgia was admitted for treatment of a huge right adrenal or upper pole renal tumour. The tumour measured 10 x 8 x 8 cm and was hypovascular. The main blood supply derived from the right adrenal artery which originated from the abdominal aorta just proximal to the right renal artery. Although several diagnostic imaging studies suggested that the tumour arose from the right adrenal gland, the bilateral adrenal glands were equally visualized on I-131 cholesterol adrenocortical scintigraphy. After surgery and pathological examination, the tumour proved to be a renal cell cancer, while the right adrenal gland was intact. This case demonstrates that adrenocortical scintigraphy is useful in the differentiation of adrenal and renal tumours when a large tumour occupies the upper pole of the kidney or adrenal gland.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improved success of antegrade ureteral catheterization via the lower pole calix using a Chuang reverse curve catheter: technical note.

Although antegrade ureteral catheterization is best approached from a middle or upper middle calix for the most favorable force vector, it is occasionally necessary to use a lower pole caliceal approach. A catheter technique is described for completing antegrade ureteral catheterization via the lower pole calix when conventional catheter-guidewire combinations fail.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

[Avulsion fractures of the lower pole of the patella].

Fractures of the lower pole of the patella are rare and occur typically in children. In these types of fractures an extensive sleeve of cartilage is pulled off with a small bony fragment. The so-called sleeve fractures are often overlooked in plain radiographs. We describe the operative treatment and outcomes in two patients with sleeve fractures, one receiving early and one delayed treatment.A 12-year-old boy (case 1) sustained an indirect injury to the left knee while playing ball. Clinical examination showed a lag of active extension of the left knee without decrease in passive range of motion. At 9 years of age, a 12-year-old girl (case 2) sustained a direct blunt trauma to her right knee while playing ball. The lesion of the lower pole of the patella was not diagnosed in time. During the following 3 years a lag of extension of the right knee developed.The sleeve fracture diagnosed early was treated by open reduction and internal fixation with transosseous suturing. At the 6-month follow-up the knee had regained full range of motion. The sleeve fracture diagnosed late showed a nonunion of the patella resulting in a lag of extension. Even after 3 years a shortening osteotomy of the patella resulted in full range of motion of the right knee.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Buckled upper pole breast style 410 implant presenting as a manifestation of capsular contraction.

Recent experience with the cohesive gel implant has shown an interesting variation of capsular contracture. Instead of spherical contraction, the capsule formation around the 410 implant seems to cause a buckling of the superior pole of the implant. This buckling has been observed in four implants and presented clinically in 2 of 50 patients with a superior pole mass. The capsular contraction around the implant and the buckling are probably camouflaged by a subpectoral implantation and this presentation should be recognized by the surgeon, especially when considering placement of the cohesive gel implant in a subglandular position. Histological sections of a capsule around the implant show fragmented silicone, with a cellular reaction around the fragmented silicone.

Breast Implants↗
PubMed1998

Upper pole pelviureteric junction obstruction.

A case of neonatal hydronephrosis affecting the upper moiety of a duplex kidney is presented. In addition to the ectopic insertion of the upper-pole ureter into the urethra, the ureter was obstructed by the lower pole at its pelviureteric junction.

Female↗
PubMed2006

[Right atrial ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia using a 20-pole mapping catheter].

INTRODUCTION: Ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) are frequently unresponsive to pharmacological antiarrhythmic therapy. Radiofrequency ablation seems to be a safe approach to treat those arrhythmias. In the present study we report our results of radiofrequency ablation of EAT with a new mapping system (Stablemapr, Medtronic). METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with right atrial tachycardia were included in the study. In 15 patients (G1) the 20-polar Stablemapr was used for localization of the arrhythmia foci. Data were compared with a control group (G2, n=15), in which mapping was performed conventionally. The demographic characteristics and the distribution of the different cardiac diseases were comparable in both groups. In group 1 the identification of the EAT was facilitated by the placement of the 20-pole mapping catheter in the right atrium. In group 2 point by point measurements were performed to find the earliest local atrial activation compared to a reference electrode in the high right atrium (activation mapping), or foci were identified by analysis of the P-wave morphology during stimulation (pacemapping). RESULTS: It was possible to successfully ablate all atrial tachycardias. The distribution of the foci was similar in both groups (G1/G2): near to the superior (3/5) and inferior (1/0) caval vene ostium, on the free wall (3/3), at the coronary sinus ostium (3/3) and on the interatrial septum (5/4). The mean procedure (G1: 88+/-33 vs G2: 151+/-61 min; p= or <0.05) and fluoroscopic times (G1: 19+/-9 vs G2: 38+/-28 min; p= or <0.05) were significantly shorter in group 1. Moreover, the mean number of radiofrequency applications was reduced significantly by using the new mapping system (G1: 10+/-10 vs G2: 16+/-13; p= or <0.05). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation of EAT with right atrial focus can be performed safely and successfully using a 20-pole mapping catheter. The greatest advantages compared to conventional mapping and ablation strategies lies in the shortened investigation and fluoroscopic time.

Body Surface Potential Mapping↗
PubMed2005

Trapezium fracture associated with occult fracture of the proximal pole of the scaphoid.

There has been no case of simultaneous fracture of the trapezium and the proximal pole of the scaphoid. We have treated a case with this combination. The fracture of the proximal pole of the scaphoid was only found on computed tomography imaging. We performed accurate reduction and fixation of both fractures with cannulated headless compression screws in a minimally invasive technique. We obtained rigid initial fixation and good clinical and radiographical results.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Interactions between mgr, asp, and polo: asp function modulated by polo and needed to maintain the poles of monopolar and bipolar spindles.

We describe genetic interactions between mutations in mgr, asp, and polo, genes required for the correct behaviour of the spindle poles in Drosophila. The phenotype of a polo1 mgr double mutant is more similar to mgr than polo1, but the frequency of circular monopolar figures (CMFs) seen with either mutant alone is additive, suggesting that the two gene products are required for independent functions in the formation of bipolar spindles. The aspE3 mgr double mutant arrests much earlier in development than either mutant alone, indicative of a strong block to cell proliferation. We discuss whether the lack of microtubular structures in these cells reflects an extended mitotic arrest, or if it is a more direct consequence of the double mutant combination. A polo1 aspE3 double mutant shows a dramatic synergistic increase in mitotic frequency. The loss of CMFs normally associated with the polo1phenotype suggests that the Asp microtubule-associated protein is required to maintain the structure of spindle poles. We speculate that Asp protein might be a substrate for the serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by polo.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

vasa mRNA accumulates at the posterior pole during blastoderm formation in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.

The correct specification of germ cells during embryogenesis is a fundamental step in life that ensures the existence of the next generation. Although different species display various cellular modes of generating germ cells, the product of the vasa gene proves to be a reliable marker of primordial germ cells in metazoans [Extavour and Akam (2003) 130:5869-5884; Raz (2000) 1:1017]. Here, I report the isolation of the vasa ortholog from the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, named Tc-vasa, and describe its sequence, its genomic organisation and its expression pattern during early embryogenesis. Unlike in Drosophila where vasa messenger RNA (mRNA) is ubiquitously distributed in the egg, Tc-vasa mRNA gradually accumulates at the posterior egg pole during blastoderm formation. Shortly before gastrulation, Tc-vasa mRNA marks a group of intra-blastodermal cells at the posterior pole. In the germ rudiment, a ball-like group of vasa-positive cells adheres to the growth zone at the posterior end of the embryo. These vasa-positive cells likely represent the primordial germ cells that have not been described in Tribolium prior to gonad formation. At the beginning of germ growth, a small band of vasa-positive cells starts to migrate along the dorsal side of the growth zone. vasa transcription ceases during further germ band extension. In contrast to Drosophila, Tc-vasa transcripts cannot be detected in the germ cells within the gonadal anlage after segmentation is completed.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed2000

A spindle pole body-associated protein, SNAD, affects septation and conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans.

The nudA1 mutation in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain gene inhibits nuclear migration, colony growth and asexual sporulation (conidiation) in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. It also alters the location of the first cell division event (septation) and prevents nucleation of tip cells. We showed previously that a suppressor of nudA1, snaD290, partially reversed the nuclear migration defect and partially restored colony growth. We have now demonstrated that the snaD290 mutation also delays septation and restores the septum to its normal position, allowing tip cells to be nucleated. Although snaD290 does not affect nuclear migration or vegetative hyphal growth, it almost completely inhibits conidiation. We propose that the SNAD protein participates in septation, and is essential for asexual spore formation. SnaD encodes a novel 76-kDa coiled-coil protein (SNAD) that is located at the spindle pole body throughout the cell cycle. Therefore, our results suggest that proteins at the spindle pole body are likely to be involved in temporal regulation of septation in A. nidulans.

Actins↗
PubMed2001

Is splenic lobe/segment dearterialization feasible for inferior pole trauma during left hemicolectomy?

We discuss splenic salvage by lobe/segment dearterialization, without resection, after intraoperative trauma, and present two cases. We performed a retrospective analysis of 163 patients in whom the colon splenic flexure was mobilized. Patients with ileo-rectal anastomosis or urgent cases were excluded. Surgical operations included left hemicolectomy and anterior resection of the rectum. Splenic procedures were splenorrhaphy, dearterialization and splenectomy. Spleen lesions occurred in 4 (2.45%) cases. One capsular tear was managed with splenorrhaphy. Three mechanical lesions to capsula and tissue of the inferior pole were managed by either splenectomy (the first case) or dearterialization. Overall mortality in the series was 4.3%. Among the patients with splenic procedures, the splenectomized patient died due to pulmonary embolism. The two cases treated by inferior splenic branch and inferior polar artery ligature are presented. In operative trauma to the inferior splenic pole, bleeding can be controlled by lobe/segment dearterialization and by methods of local hemostasis in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The architecture of the choriocapillaris at the posterior pole.

The afferent and efferent vessels as well as the choriocapillaris in the human posterior pole, studied in flat preparations, paraffin sections, and Epon sections, formed relatively discrete units of organization which we called lobules. A lobule is a segment of the choriocapillaris supplied centrally by a precapillary arteriole and demarcated peripherally by a ring of postcapillary venules. Observations on the choroidal phase of fundus fluorescein angiography indicated that blood entering a lobule did not intermingle with blood from adjoining lobules. The choriocapillaris in the posterior pole of the human eye, with its supplying and draining vessels, appeared as a mosaic of adjoining lobules that function independently.

Arteries↗
PubMed1979

Posterior pole neovascularization in a patient with hemoglobin SC disease.

A 33-year-old black woman with hemoglobin SC disease and a history of photocoagulation for peripherally located retinal neovascularization had a neovascular frond at the temporal border of her right macula. Multiple zones of black sunburst hyperpigmentation were located nearby. Fluorescein angiography showed that the lesions were closely related to an extensive zone of avascular retina in the posterior pole. The perifoveal vasculature was uninvolved, and the patient was unaware of any visual deficit. Although sickle cell maculopathy is a well-recognized entity, there have been no published reports, to the best of our knowledge, of posterior pole neovascularization in patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy. The fluorescein angiographic findings in our case provide further support for the hypothesis that retinal hypoxia is an important stimulus for retinal neovascularization.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Structural characterization of the cytoplasmic pole of band 3 from bovine erythrocyte membranes.

In an earlier study, we found that chymotryptic digestion of band 3 isolated from bovine erythrocyte membranes produces a 38,000-Da fragment in nonaethyleneglycol-n-dodecylether solution or a 50,000-Da fragment in deoxycholate solution as a primary fragment [Makino et al. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 1019]. In the present study, these fragments were purified in an aqueous medium without detergent and their structural properties were examined. Several lines of evidence showed that the 50,000-Da fragment constitutes the entire cytoplasmic pole of bovine band 3 and that the 38,000-Da fragment is a subfragment of the 50,000-Da fragment. The large fragment was suggested to be divided into two distinct regions, the 12,000- and 38,000-Da portions, differing in their conformational thermal stability. However, attempts to identify the 12,000-Da portion as an isolable segment were without success. The cytoplasmic pole was characterized as a dimer which adopts an elongated gross conformation with helix of approximately 35%. Treatment of the fragments with dimethylmaleic anhydride dissociated the dimers into the monomers, accompanied by a significant conformational change of the 38,000-Da portion. Comparative studies suggested that the cytoplasmic domain of bovine band 3 has structurally different region(s) from that of human band 3, though their gross conformation shows extensive similarity.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Interaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with the cytoplasmic pole of band 3 from bovine erythrocyte membrane: the mode of association and identification of the binding site of band 3 polypeptide.

Four fragments derived from the cytoplasmic pole of bovine band 3 were isolated, and their ability to bind glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from bovine erythrocyte and their amino-terminal primary structure were examined. It was suggested that the 50-kDa fragment, an entire cytoplasmic pole of band 3, contained the blocked amino-terminal end of band 3. Three other fragments, 45-, 39-, and 38-kDa fragments, were produced by cleavage at distances of molecular weight 5000, 11,000, and 12,000 respectively, from the amino-terminus of the 50-kDa fragment. Among these, the 50- and 45-kDa fragments complexed with the enzyme to inhibit its catalytic activity under conditions of low ionic strength, in a fashion similar to that in humans. Affinity for the enzyme was not significantly affected by disruption of the higher order structure of the fragments. The enzyme was found to be inactivated by association with synthetic polyanions, accompanied by conformational alteration. This supports participation of electrostatic interactions as the holding force between the enzyme and band 3, as suggested by I-H. Tsai et al. [1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 1438-1442). The 45-kDa fragment was just as potent an inhibitor of the enzyme as the parent fragment, and its amino-terminal region displayed a polyanionic character. These results allow us to map the enzyme binding site of bovine band 3 to a distance of molecular weight approximately 5000 from the amino-terminal end of band 3. Furthermore, comparison of sequence data from different species showed that the species-specific region of band 3 polypeptide centers around the amino-terminal portion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗