Henry Hurd Rusby's alleged "commercial ventures".
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[The pharmacognostic collection at the Royal Danish School of Pharmacy].
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Denmark↗
[Resources of medicinal plants from genus Dioscorea in Guizhou province].
OBJECTIVE: To gain a clear idea on the species and distribution of medicinal plants from Dioscorea in Guizhou province. METHOD: By consulting related specimens and date and carrying out identification study. RESULT: There are 17 species (including varieties) of medicinal plants from Dioscorea in Guizhou province. The distribution, growing environment and medicinal effect of these species have been clarified, and an identification index has been established. CONCLUSION: A scientific basis can be provided by this study for exploiting the medicinal plants from Dioscorea resources in Guizhou province.
China↗
[Pharmacognostical studies on the rhizome and root of Alpinia nigra].
Morphological and histological characters of the rhizome and root of Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt, used as the origin of a traditional Chinese medicine, were described and illustrated with line drawing. These studies provide referential information for the identification and quality control.
Alpinia↗
[Pharmacognostic identification of Herba Chrysanthemi].
OBJECTIVE: To provide evidences for the identification and utilization of Herba Chrysanthemi. METHODS: Regular mehods for morphological and histological identification, TLC and UV were used. RESELTS: The descriptions characters of Herba Chrysanthemi were recounted. The histological characters of the stem and the leaf were also described. TLC showed Herba Chrysanthemi contained chlorogenic acid. UV spectrum showed Herba Chrysanthemi had absorbed peaks at 248 nm and 327 nm. CONCLUSION: All the above-mentioned characters provided evidences for the identification of Herba Chrysanthemi.
Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
[Identification of red kojic from different habitats with clustering analysis by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectrometry].
OBJECTIVE: To provide a new method for identifying Red kojic. METHODS: Being controled with the Aspergillus terreus, near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combining with clusering analysis was used in the identification of Red Kojic made by M. purpureus fermentation from 18 different habitats. RESULTS: We can easily distinguish the Red Kojic from different habitats and the Aspergillus terreus. The results are consistent in some degree with that of morphologic study. CONCLUSION: This method is a new, rapid, simple and low cost assay technique being able to be used in the quality control of Red Kojic.
Cluster Analysis↗
[The inhibition enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine by acetylcholinesterase using principal alkaloids isolated from celandine and macleya and their derivatives].
A study was made of a possible inhibitory action on the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine by human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase of principal alkaloids isolated from Chelidonium majus L. and Macleaya (Bocconia) cordata and microcarpa (namely sanguinarine, chelidonine, berberine), and of drugs "Ukrain" (thiophosphoric acid derivative of a sum of the alkaloids isolated from Chelidonium majus L.) and "Sanguirythrine" (a mixture of unseparated closely related to benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine, isolated from Chelidonium majus L. and other plants of Papaveraceae family). All agents under study have been shown to be reversible inhibitors of the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. On the basis of the kinetic data it has been determined that chelidonine belonged to reversible inhibitors of a competitive type. All other examined agents have been demonstrated to be inhibitors of a mixed competitive-noncompetitive type, and a greater contribution to the inhibition was made by the competitive constituent. Among all examined agents berberine, sanguinarine and "Sanguirythrine" were the strongest inhibitors of this reaction (the values of generalized inhibitory constants being 0.23, 0.23 and 0.29 microM, respectively) and cheliodonine and "Ukrain" were much weaker (2.0 and 2.5 microM, respectively). Judging from the data obtained, sanguinarine and chelerythrine exert similar inhibitory effects on the reaction of enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine, since sanguinarine and "Sanguirythrine" have nearly equal generalized inhibitory constants.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
[The species and the distribution of officinal nettles in Sichuan Province].
OBJECTIVE: To study the resource of officinal nettles in Sichuan. METHODS: Investigating at the wild spots and consulting the relating specimens. RESULTS: It has been found that there are 11 spieces and subspieces of genus Urtica in Sichuan Province, of which 8 nettles are commonly used for treatment of rheumatism. CONCLUSION: This paper can provide scientific reference for further study of officinal nettles in Sichuan.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
[Two hundred and sixty eigth medicinal plants used to fertility control in some countries of South America (author's transl)].
A review is made of the various anthropological, botanical and empirical medical papers from a number of the countries of the South-American continent, whose populations use medical plants for fertility control. Also included is a field research conducted among indigenous and rural populations of Paraguay. The scientific name, family and common name 268 plants are described. With each plant, the country and type of population (indigenous or rural) using same is stated, as well as their empiric properties attributed to same and the name of the author. Comments are made upon the background related to the use of said plants at the level of the American indigenous, world folkloric and Paraguayan indigenous & folkloric medicine. Emphasis is given to the significance of these data on contraceptives, abortives, sterilization and fertilization agents of vegetal origin, due to their value for future research in the physiology and clinic of reproduction.
Abortifacient Agents↗
[Flückiger and Italy: travels to Italy by the Swiss pharmacist and pharmacognostic Friedrich August Flückiger].
The Swiss pharmacist and professor of pharmacy, F.A. Flückiger, made eleven trips to Italy. His first journey took him to Naples but he also visited Rome, Venice, Florence, Sicily and the coast of the Liguria several times. His diary as well as his documented voyage reports allow us to reconstruct his routes, the places visited and the means of transportation used. They show the wide range of interests of Flückiger who observed nature, history and geography of the places visited.
History, 19th Century↗
[Studies on pharmacognostic identification and quality control standards for hongqu].
OBJECTIVE: To develop effective methods for quality control of the traditional Chinese drug Hongqu. METHOD: TLC and microscopic identification were performed. HPLC was used to determine the content of lovastatin. RESULT: A lot of hyphae and spores in Hongqu were observed under microscope. The spot of lovastatin was found on the TLC chromatogram. The standard curve of lovastatin by HPLC was linera in the range of 5 micrograms/ml-100 micrograms/ml. The average recovery of lovastatin was 96.4%, RSD 3.68%, n = 5. CONCLUSION: The methods are simple, sensitive and accurate. These studies provide the scientific basis for quality evaluation and quality control of Hongqu.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
[A pharmacognostical study on herba Spirodelae and its adulterants].
OBJECTIVE: To Study the characteristics of Herba Spirodelae(Spirodela polyrrhiza) and its adulterants S. oligorrhiza and Lemna minor for identification. METHOD: The characteristics were compared and identified morphologically and histologically. RESULT: The morphological and histological characteristics of S. polyrrhiza, S. oligorrhiza and L. minor are different from each other. Several tables, keys and drawings are given. CONCLUSION: The main macroscopical and microscopical characteristics can be used fo differentiate S. polyrrhiza from its adultrants.
Drug Contamination↗
[A probe in good agricultural practice for traditional Chinese drugs].
OBJECTIVE: To provide some scientific reference for the good agricultural practice (GAP) for traditional Chinese drugs (TCDs). METHOD: Based on an integrated analysis of the factors bearing on the output and quality of TCD along with a study on the possible pollution sources of TCDs, some initial idea concerning the research and scope of GAP has been outlined. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: GAP for TCDs should be designed to incorporate large-scale production bases, standardization of drug varieties, optimization of planting techniques, rationalization of harvesting and processing, establishment of famous brands for quality TCDs, pollution-free production and circulation, efficient coordination of production, supply and marketing, etc.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[A SEM observation on taxonomic and pharmacognostical identification of genus murraya produced in China].
OBJECTIVE: To Observe the morphological characteristics of the leaf epidermis of 9 Chinese species of genus Murraya and prepare and index for their differentiation. METHOD: SEM(scanning electron microscope). RESULT: Sect. Murraya was found having with blurred dividing lines on epidermis without ropy emblazonry, while sect. Bergera appeared the other way round. CONCLUSION: M. kwangsiensis var. macrophylla should be ground under Sect. Murraya as a new species, while M. tetramera should be separated from M. euchrestifolia; SEM has been proved very useful in the identification, taxonomic and pharmacognostical study of Murraya.
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning↗
[Pollen morphology identification of five species of medicinal sanguisorba with electron microscope].
OBJECTIVE: To approach a new evidence for identifying various species of Rosaceae Sanguisorba, especially for distinguishing S. applanata from S. sitchinese. METHOD: The pollens of five species S. officinalis, S. officinalis var. longifolia, S. applanata, S. applanata var. villosa and S. sitchinese were morphologically identified with electron microscope. RESULTS: The pollens are prolate or perprolate, having six colporates and featuring sculptures of small caverns and small granules combined. The species are closed to each other in pollen morphology, bur display differences in the diameter of pollens, clarity of pore membrane and presence or absence of irregular verrucous sculptures. CONCLUSION: This paper provides a new evidence for identifying the Sanguisorba.
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning↗
[Phamacognostical identification of medicinal plants of paederia].
OBJECTIVE: To distinguish accurately the dried medicinal plants of Paederia in Guangxi Province. METHOD: Using regular methods for identification of crude drugs. RESULTS: Obvious distinctions were found among leaf quality, presence of hair characteristics, inflorescence morphology, presence of non-glandular hair and scleroid cells along with their sizes, forms and superficial characteristics. Obvious distinctions were also found among cuticular veins of leaf cuticles, projecting of cells' outer walls, development of metaxylem, shapes and separation of crystal cells and wood fibers under microscope. CONCLUSION: All the above-mentioned characteristics can be used for species identification.
China↗
[Histological studies on rinds of 18 species of Gualou].
OBJECTIVE: To make clear the histological characteristics of rinds for eighteen species of Gualou. METHOD: Observing the cross sections and separate divide of the rinds with light microscope. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Of eighteen rinds of Gualou, each trichome on exocarp, wood fiber and thickness of ring of stone cell are different from one another, this distinction can be used to identify the different rinds of Gualou.
Citrullus↗
[Pharmacognostic study of Belladonna (Atropa belladonna L.) in the mountains of Vrsac].
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Altitude↗