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PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of stabilometry in assessing the correlations between craniomandibular disorders and equilibrium disorders].

We examined three groups: 29 patients suffering from balance disorders and craniomandibular disorders but from vestibular disease; 21 patients suffering from balance disorders, craniomandibular disorders and vestibular disease; 26 patients suffering from craniomandibular disorders but not from vestibular disease or balance disorders. All cases were examined by the odontologist and otoneurologist and tested by computerized stabilometry; they were reexamined after six months of therapy by an occlusal stabilization splint. The static analysis of the results show a significative reduction of the postural oscillations in all patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Impact of posterior occlusal support on the condylar position.

The purpose of this study was to investigate condylar displacement related to the loss of posterior occlusal support. Each of 23 subjects received one occlusal adjusted splint that covered all teeth from the right to the left second mandibular molar. None of the subjects had a third molar and none of them had a missing tooth or showed tooth mobility. The splint was inserted and vertical and horizontal condylar position was measured by an ultrasonic motion analyser. The splint was then unilateraly shortened tooth-by-tooth up to the canine tooth and the measurement was repeated after each shortening. Cutting off the splint's second molar on one side lead to a slight ipsilateral cranial motion of the condyle if subjects clenched with maximum voluntary force. If the second and first molar were cut off, a noticeable cranial condylar movement of about 0.3 mm was observed even when teeth occluded with low force. These results suggest that loss of posterior occlusal support as it happens in routine oral rehabilitation leads to a noticeable cranial condyle movement during registration, even if the clenching force is low.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A magnetic appliance for treatment of snoring patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea.

The aim of this intraindividual study was to investigate the effects of an intraoral magnetic appliance on snoring, daytime sleepiness, and blood oxygen saturation, as well as to analyze the effects on the craniomandibular complex and investigate the response of the device to craniofacial structure. Twenty-five male patients (mean age 54.1 years, SD 11.44) with handicapping snoring or obstructed sleep apnea (OSAS) participated in the study. The appliance consisted of a maxillary and a mandibular occlusal acrylic splint. In each splint, four cylindrical neodymium-iron-boron magnets were embedded and oriented to produce intermaxillary forces that pulled the mandible forward. After a treatment period of 6 months, questionnaires were used for registration of the patients' subjective rating of daytime sleepiness and their close relatives' opinions about the snoring. The treatment effects on the temporomandibular joint were evaluated, according to Helkimos' anamnestic and dysfunctional index, and nightly registration of blood oxygen saturation was performed before and after 6 months of treatment. The effects on craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue profiles were analyzed cephalometrically. All patients easily accepted the magnetic appliance. The main symptoms, snoring and daytime sleepiness, decreased significantly when the magnet appliance was inserted (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0002, respectively). The blood oxygen saturation during sleep was also improved (p = 0.012). The treatment had no aberrant effects on the temporomandibular joint status. The appliance made the mandible rotate downward and backward, mean 7.8 degrees, and this rotation mostly camouflaged the forward movement of the mandible. There was no significant influence on the hyoid bone position, but the hypopharyngeal airway space increased, the tongue base was lowered, and the contact between the tongue and soft palate was reduced significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Treatment strategy in functional temporomandibular joint changes].

In the management of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system symptomatic and causal therapeutic methods can be distinguished. Symptomatic therapy encompasses medication, physical methods (heat, cold, radiation, TENS) in combination with physiotherapy and emergency splint. After one or two weeks of symptomatic therapy the patient should be free of pain allowing precise diagnostic procedures followed by causal therapy managing muscular problems, joint pathology and occlusal disturbances. Splint therapy is used to establish a therapeutic joint position according to articulator mounting. After splint therapy prosthodontic and/or orthodontic treatment is needed to restore occlusion. Interdisciplinary management in the therapy of functional disturbances of the stomatognathic system is of utmost importance due to the relationship between chewing muscles, neck muscles and body posture. In addition to splint therapy, physiotherapy, logopedic therapy, myofunctional therapy, psychologic and psychiatric intervention is performed.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1993

Myofascial pain dysfunction: treatments used by ADA members.

A survey of 10,000 members of the American Dental Association was conducted in order to identify the most commonly used treatments for myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD). A questionnaire was used in which MPD was defined, all treatments (including referral) were listed, and a percentage-of-use estimate for each treatment was requested. Results from 2,544 questionnaires showed that the most commonly used treatments are: flat plane splints with anterior/canine guidance or posterior group function, occlusal equilibration, thermal packs, relaxation/stress management training, diet counseling, and medications with anti-inflammatory (nonopioid) analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. The results also showed considerable variation in the ways common treatments are performed. A call is issued for systematic and careful research on the outcomes of these and other treatments and their major variations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Technique and rationale for splinting.

Stabilizing teeth after impact injuries is an essential consideration in endodontic therapy. The basic method of treating avulsed, luxated, or fractured teeth should incorporate the orthodontic wire and the acid-etch splinting system. In some particular situations, a simple donut splint, a cross-suture sling, and cemented occlusal acrylic splint have been more useful. All of the splints are economical, efficient, and easy to use in the emergency treatment of injuries.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of occlusal therapy with FRC splint on periodontal parameters in maintenance phase].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes of the periodontal parameters of mobile, but splinted teeth with intracoronal fiber reinforced composite and compare to non-mobile teeth in maintenance phase. We splinted 73 teeth (29 non-mobile, 44 mobile) in 18 cases. The periodontal parameters - probing depth, gingival index (Loe-Silness, 1964), plaque index (Silness-Loe, 1965) - were monitored clinically immediately, 1 year and 2 years after complete periodontal treatment. There were scored 69 treated teeth after 1 year and 37 treated teeth after 2 years. Statistical comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon test for two related parameters and Mann-Whitney U test for two independent parameters in the software package SPSS 11.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). There was not mobility recorded at splinted teeth neither after treatment immediately nor at recall visits. The periodontal parameters demonstrated no significant changes of probing depth (-0,08 +/- 0,41, 0,05 +/- 0,51) and gingival index (-0,32 +/- 0,79, -0,32 +/- 0,75) 1 and 2 years after complete therapy. There was significant decrease in plaque index (-0,77 +/- 0,43, -0,36 +/- 0,55) measured at recall visits. No significant differences were detected between the mobile and the non-mobile groups in all parameters. No significant correlation between changes of gingival index and plaque index was determined. The intracoronal FRC splint do not obstruct the individual and professional oral hygiene. The stabilize of mobile teeth allow the same healing like a non-mobile teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Construction of a ceramometal mandibular repositioning splint.

This article described laboratory and chairside techniques for making a porcelain-bonded-to-metal occlusal overlay repositioning splint and suggests how both dental laboratory technician and dentist can anticipate and overcome some problems commonly encountered during fabrication and seating. A ceramometal occlusal overlay and repositioning splint is often the splint of choice for patients who must wear one at all times during prolonged occlusal splint therapy. Unlike the commonly used acrylic resin splints, the ceramometal splint is durable, provides good esthetics and anatomic functional tooth form, and can be worn at all times including meals.

Dental Occlusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Joint locking in the orthodontic patient: etiopathology, diagnosis and therapy].

The role of the orthodontist in the diagnosis and specially in the active treatment of the patients with locking is very important. In the present study, after the analysis of the most frequent etiologic factors, are presented the diagnostic fundamental components of the dysfunction. Furthermore, are illustrated, with some consequent, the therapeutic steps of the orthopedic approach, the occlusal emergency splint, the orthodontic treatment, in order to obtain the occlusal stability in the new interarches relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A study of computed tomography of elderly temporomandibular joint disorders syndrome (TMJDS) patients treated with and without splint in three dimensions].

The computed tomography of elderly TMJDS patients treated with and without splint were studied in three dimensions. The results showed that the condyle was in a retruded position in the glenoid fossa in sagittal dimension and the horizontal condylar angle appeared asymmetry in axial dimension. Under the splint treatment, the retruded condyle can be adjusted to the center of the glenoid fossa and the horizontal condylar angle can be balanced, since the splint may correct the vertical dimension and eliminate the occlusal interferences. This study indicates that the horizontal condylar angle can be considered as a significant factor in diagnosis of TMJDS and evaluation of the outcome of treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Repair processes in the cervical region of replanted and transplanted teeth in monkeys.

The repair processes in the cervical region of replanted teeth where the periodontal ligament was injured by either extensive drying or removal was studied. These repair processes were related to various clinical factors, such as splinting, traumatic occlusion and exactness of repositioning. Permanent incisors were extracted, root filled extraorally and allotted to the following experimental groups: (1) PDL injured by drying, no splinting; (2) PDL injured by drying, splinting for 2 weeks; (3) PDL injured by drying, replanted tooth in traumatic occlusion; (4) PDL injured by drying, no splinting, non-exact repositioning of the replanted tooth; (5) PDL removed, no splinting. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after replantation and the replanted teeth examined histometrically. The different groups demonstrated area with normal periodontal ligament extending from 0.4 to 1 mm apically from the crestal margin, where the greatest extent was found in teeth with non-exact repositioning. The possible role of the gingiva in these repair processes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[An experimental study on change in temporomandibular joint following occlusal changes].

In order to clarify the cause of temporomandibular arthrosis, an experimental study on change in temporomandibular joint resulting from faulty occlusion which is thought to be one of the causes was performed. In this study, macroscopic, radiologic and histopathologic effects of a forced distal positioning of the mandible by occlusal metal splints and loss of posterior teeth in adult Macaca fuscatas were observed. Cephalometric radiograph including posteroanterior and axial projection were taken to determine the individual projection angle for standardized TMJ radiography including lateral oblique transcranial and transpharyngeal projection prior to the experimental procedures. The upper and lower molars of the monkey were extracted and the remaining teeth were prepared and the cast metal splints were adhered in place. They were maintained on their regular diet. Radiographic observation of the joints and macroscopic clinical observation of the occlusion were made individually, immediately after operation, at the 10th, 20th, 40th and 83rd day postoperatively. The monkeys were killed individually at the 10th, 20th, 40th and 83rd day postoperatively, each temporomandibular joints were removed and prepared for contact microradiographic, fluorescent micrographic and histopathologic observations. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Macroscopically, the opening between the upper and lower lateral teeth in full closure was about 2mm, overbite about 2mm in anterior teeth immediately after the splints were adhered in place and molar extraction. The opening between the lateral teeth decreased slowly after the 10th day postoperatively and they were approximating occlusal contact from the distal area of the splints. The whole area of the occlusal surface of the splints came into contact and the mandible positioned posteriorly by the 40th day. 2) Though the cephalometric radiographs in posteroanterior and axial projection did not show the changes of mandible through the whole experimental period, lateral head plates and standardized TMJ radiographs showed posterosuperior positioning of the mandible after 20th day postoperatively, and osseous absorption in the posterior aspect of the condyle at the 83rd day. 3) Contact microradiographic and fluorescent micrographic observations showed osseous remodeling in the neck of condyle at the site of the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle, anterior aspect of the retroarticular process and posterior aspect of the condyle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗