Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OSTEOPOROSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Complementary therapies for reducing the risk of osteoporosis in patients receiving luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone treatment/orchiectomy for prostate cancer: a review and assessment of the need for more research.

Osteoporosis in women has received a substantial amount of attention, but its impact in men is also significant and noteworthy. Those men who benefit from treatment for prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may also be at a higher risk for osteoporosis. Pharmacologic approaches to reduce this risk have received some attention. For example, agents such as bisphosphonates, estrogen receptor-binding drugs (diethylstilbestrol, tamoxifen, and raloxifene), calcitonin, and fluoride are some of the more promising interventions that have been previously outlined. In addition, statin drugs, or hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, have recently been hypothesized to lower osteoporosis risk. However, complementary therapies, which may also have an impact on reducing osteoporosis risk, have not received attention. Dietary and supplemental calcium and vitamin D have been shown, in some preliminary investigations, to maintain bone density in women and men. Numerous healthy and affordable dietary sources of this mineral and vitamin exist, and large intakes can be realistically achieved through proper education. Similarly, the supplemental dosages required to impact risk have been moderate, appear to be safe, are of low cost, and thus may provide an additional route for reducing risk, especially if these interventions are initiated at the start of medical treatment. More studies in men receiving ADT are needed because the existing work has mostly focused on men without castrate levels of male hormone. Additionally, many studies with conventional and nonconventional agents have only focused on individuals with baseline osteoporosis, rather than normal bone mineral densities or osteopenia. Other promising complementary therapies, such as weight-bearing exercise and abstaining from smoking, may also be of benefit. Newer estrogenic-type supplements (eg, ipriflavone) appear interesting and have some preliminary data, but more research is desperately required to determine their actual impact and potential for adverse effects (such as lymphocytopenia from a recent trial). Simple, inexpensive, and potentially effective dietary and supplemental approaches to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in men exist, and they should be discussed with patients. Whether these approaches effectively reduce the risk of osteoporosis in men receiving androgen ablation remains to be determined. The possibility is intriguing, and future research is needed. In the meantime, it is important to keep in mind that these complementary approaches are, at the very least, an integral part of the conventional options used today to the reduce the risk of osteoporosis in men and women.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteoporosis: the need for comprehensive treatment guidelines.

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that results in nearly 1.3 million fractures per year in the United States. The cost of treating these fractures has been estimated to be as high as $10 billion per year. These costs are expected to more than double during the next 50 years unless comprehensive programs of prevention and treatment are initiated. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions (eg, diet and exercise) have been shown to have a significant impact on the incidence of osteoporosis, depending on the time of their application. Unfortunately, osteoporosis is often not diagnosed until after fractures have occurred, when it may be too late for treatment to have a major impact. To be most effective, therapy should be started early, before serious bone loss has occurred. Because of its efficacy and relatively low acquisition cost, long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is considered first-line pharmacologic therapy for the prevention of osteoporosis. However, for various reasons, less than 25% of US women who might benefit from HRT are receiving it. Aside from HRT, the only other products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of osteoporosis are salmon calcitonin and alendronate. Several other agents are under development, including sustained-release fluoride and other products in the bisphosphonate class. The development and adoption of early detection programs and treatment guidelines are crucial to help ease the economic burden of osteoporosis. These guidelines should incorporate preventive measures such as diet and exercise, risk assessment through proper screening programs, and the appropriate use of pharmaceutical products. The purpose of this paper is to discuss relevant economic issues associated with osteoporosis and discuss the need for a management algorithm that could be used to more efficiently prevent and treat this disease. We conclude that further modeling is needed to determine which programs and treatments are most cost-effective within each at-risk subgroup. As clinicians better understand the need for preventive care and the advantages of the various pharmacologic therapies, patients with osteoporosis will receive higher-quality and more efficient medical care.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1998

[Aetiologic features of osteoporosis in male patients aged less than 50 years: study of 28 cases with a comparative series of 30 patients over the age of 50].

PURPOSE: To study the aetiologic factors of osteoporosis (OP) in young male patients, we conducted a retrospective study of male osteoporosis observed in our department during the past 20 years. METHODS: Patients included in the study were over 16 years of age and had a fracture or a decreased bone mineral density with a T score (assessed at the spine or at the spine and femoral neck) below -2.5 SD. The age and circumstances of diagnosis, serum and 24-hour urinary calcium and phosphorus investigations, hormonal measurements (including parathyroid hormone, thyroid hormones, cortisol and testosterone), bone biopsy and the final diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and nineteen patients responded to the defined diagnosis criteria. Twenty-eight were less than 50 years of age (group I or young male osteoporosis). Data were compared with those of 30 patients more than 50 years of age (group II). In group I, an aetiology was found in 17 out of 28 cases (60.7%) (secondary osteoporosis: OP II), while 11 out of 28 patients (39.3%) had primary or idiopathic osteoporosis (OP I). In group II, the frequency of OP I was 19 out of 30 cases (63.3%) and 11 out of 30 patients (36.6%) had OP II. However, the frequency of OP II did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.11). The aetiology in group I was either hypogonadism (6 out of 17), alcoholism (2 out of 17), mastocytosis (2 out of 17), primary biliary cirrhosis (1 out of 17), osteogenesis imperfecta (1 out of 17), idiopathic hypercalciuria (1 out of 17), corticosteroid treatment (1 out of 17) or ankylosing spondylitis (1 out of 17). Multiple causes were found in 5 out of 17 cases. The causes of osteoporosis in group II included hypogonadism (2 out of 11), alcoholism (2 out of 11), idiopathic hypercalciuria (2 out of 11), glucocorticosteroid therapy (6 out of 11) and rheumatoid arthritis (1 out of 11). CONCLUSIONS: Our results were compared to those of the various series reported in the literature which, though focusing on male osteoporosis, often included elderly patients. To determine whether osteoporosis in young male is more often OP II, further prospective studies are required.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Risk of hip fracture according to the World Health Organization criteria for osteopenia and osteoporosis.

The risk of hip fracture is commonly expressed as a relative risk. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of relative risks of hip fracture in men and women using World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for low bone mass and osteoporosis. Reference data for bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck, from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), were applied to the population of Sweden. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated from the known relationship between BMD at the femoral neck and hip fracture risk. The apparent prevalence of low bone mass and osteoporosis depended on the segment of the young population chosen for reference ranges. Using a reference derived from women aged 20-29 years, the prevalence of osteoporosis was 21.2% in women between the ages of 50 and 84 years and 6.3% in men. The RRs associated with osteoporosis depended markedly on the risk comparison. For example, in men or women aged 50 years, the RR of hip fracture in those with osteoporosis compared to those without osteoporosis was 7.4 and 6.1, respectively. The RR of those at the threshold value for osteoporosis compared to those with an average value for BMD at that age was 6.6 and 4.6 in men and women, respectively. RRs were lower comparing those at the threshold value compared to the risk of the general population at that age (4.2 and 2.9, respectively). When RR was expressed in relation to the population risk rather than to the risk at the average value for BMD, RR decreased at all ages by 37%. Such adjustments are required for risk assessment in individuals and for the combined use of different risk factors. Because the average T score at each age decreased with age, the RR of hip fracture at any age decreased with advancing age in the presence of osteoporosis. The decrease in relative risk with age is, however, associated with an increase in absolute risk. Thus, for clinical use, the expression of absolute risks may be preferred to relative risks.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effect of raloxifene on the risk of new vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a reanalysis of the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation trial.

Raloxifene reduces vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and established osteoporosis, but its efficacy in women with osteopenia has not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of raloxifene hydrochloride on the risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and to compare this effect with that in women with osteoporosis as defined by the bone mineral density (BMD) T-score at the hip. We studied the 3204 postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis without vertebral fractures at baseline in the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation trial. Compared with placebo, 60 mg/day raloxifene reduced the risk of new vertebral fractures at 3 years independent of baseline total hip BMD. The relative risk for new vertebral fractures for the raloxifene group compared with placebo was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.32-0.88) for those with osteopenia and 0.31 (0.06-0.71) for those with osteoporosis. In raloxifene-treated women the rate of vertebral fracture was similar in women with osteoporosis (2%) to that in women with osteopenia (1.9%). For clinically apparent vertebral fractures, the relative risk of fracture in the osteopenia group for raloxifene was 0.25 (0.04-0.63) compared with placebo. There were no new clinical vertebral fractures in women with osteoporosis receiving raloxifene, whereas four occurred in the placebo group. We conclude that treatment with 60 mg/day raloxifene significantly decreases the risk of new vertebral fractures and new clinical vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women without baseline vertebral fracture who have osteopenia or osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Search for occult secondary osteoporosis: impact of identified possible risk factors on bone mineral density.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the use of more elaborate diagnostic tests can identify possible risk factors for secondary osteoporosis and to evaluate the impact of these possible risk factors on the severity of bone disease in the study population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We have investigated 377 subjects (285 females, 92 males) with osteoporosis (T-score less than -2.5 in dual energy X-ray absorption) or nontraumatic lumbar vertebral fractures; these patients were referred to our hospital, a secondary care centre, for evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis. RESULTS: Osteoporosis without attributable risk factor was diagnosed in 106 women (37%) and 30 men (33%). In 241 patients (179 women, 62 men) one or more possible risk factors for osteoporosis (in this paper also called subclinical disease) were revealed. The most common were lactose malabsorption, disturbed exocrine pancreatic function and renal tubular disturbances, including renal hypercalciuria, incomplete renal tubular acidosis and mild phosphate diabetes. The number of possible risk factors in the individual patient was significantly related to the severity of osteoporosis as assessed by Z-scores (Spearman correlation r = -0.43, P < 0.001, n = 172 for females; r = -0.28, P < 0.05, n = 65 for males). CONCLUSIONS: All the identified subclinical diseases would have remained undetected if the currently accepted guidelines for the investigation of patients with osteoporosis were applied. The statistically significant correlation between the number of identified possible risk factors and the severity of bone disease in the individual patient strongly suggests the pathogenetic significance of the identified subclinical diseases. It is yet to be shown, whether specific treatment of these subclinical diseases yields additional improvement of bone mass as compared with standard treatment of osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

Osteoporosis therapies for rheumatoid arthritis patients: minimizing gastrointestinal side effects.

OBJECTIVE: This manuscript identifies characteristics that put people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at high risk for osteoporosis or gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. The manuscript then reviews therapies available for osteoporosis in the United States and makes recommendations about choosing therapies that minimize GI adverse effects in RA patients at high risk for such events. DATA SOURCES: References identified through MEDLINE, abstracts, and prescribing information for individual drugs. DATA EXTRACTION: Characteristics that predispose patients to osteoporosis and GI problems were identified. Data on individual osteoporosis therapies were assessed by risk-benefit analysis and appropriateness for use in patients at risk for GI disturbances. DATA SYNTHESIS: High risk of osteoporosis in people with RA is caused by disease activity, medication effects, physical inactivity, and standard risk factors such as postmenopausal status and increased age. Patients with RA are frequently at high GI risk if they are receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids. Because of the high potential for erosive esophagitis and other upper GI disorders with alendronate, caution is warranted in prescribing alendronate to RA patients with high GI risk. In such patients, estrogen replacement therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, or calcitonin should be considered for treatment, and either estrogen replacement therapy or selective estrogen receptor modulators should be considered for osteoporosis prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of GI risk is important in patients with RA and osteoporosis. Risk factors should be considered when choosing osteoporosis therapies.

Alendronate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Osteoporosis--a neglected issue in orthopaedics? Results of a survey amongst German orthopaedic surgeons].

AIM: Patients with fragility fractures have a significantly increased risk of sustaining additional fractures. Therefore one should consider avoidance of further fractures as the primary treatment principle. Since orthopaedic surgeons manage most of fragility fractures, but might not be well attuned to osteoporosis itself, it was the aim of the Bone and Joint Decade (BJD) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) to survey orthopaedic surgeons in order to assess their knowledge of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The multinational survey questionnaire was developed by a working group of national project co-ordinators in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand and based to some extent on an American survey. Following translation into the national language it was distributed in 2002 to the members of the orthopaedic societies to assess the management of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of osteoporosis and fragility fractures, comparing both different health-care systems and different working environments. 5 700 questionnaires were distributed in Germany with a 20 percent response rate. RESULTS: As the main result of the German survey -- independent of the working environment -- a substantial deficit concerning training and knowledge about the management of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis and fragility fractures was seen. In addition, the majority of participants requested educational opportunities to become qualified for a better disease control. CONCLUSION: In order to satisfy the increasing need for adequate management of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of osteoporosis and fragility fractures, structured educational opportunities have to be offered to the German orthopaedic community. In the mean time first steps have been initiated: training courses to qualify as "Osteologe DVO" and the "White Book Osteoporosis", which was initiated by BJD and IOF and developed by several German medical societies and patient organisations it is based on the German DVO guidelines providing an evidence-based and structured overview concerning all relevant aspects of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

[1H MR spectroscopy of the lumbar spine in diffuse osteopenia due to plasmacytoma or osteoporosis].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of in vivo 1H MR spectroscopic determination of relaxation times and of fat and water content to differentiate between infiltration of multiple myeloma or osteoporosis in patients with roentgenologic unclear demineralization of the lumbar spine. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients each with osteoporotic reduction of bone mineral density (BMD), histologically proven multiple myeloma who showed only diffuse tumor manifestations without tumor compression fractures in the spine, and volunteers were investigated. Osteoporosis was confirmed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic QDR 2000 device, Siemens Medical Systems). The MR investigations were performed with a 1.5 T whole body system (Gyroscan S15/ACS II, Philips Medical Systems). Localized MR spectra from a cubic volume of about 8 cm3 were acquired by the PRESS technique. Chemical shift selective T1 relaxation times were obtained from an IR series, T2 was measured by variation of the interval between the first and the second echo in the volume selection scheme. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test with the software SPSS. RESULTS: There were highly significant differences in T2 values and fat content between patients with osteoporosis and multiple myeloma. T2 values were decreased in osteoporosis (37 ms and 59 ms vs. 44 ms and 70 ms in plasmocytoma) and fat content was decreased in multiple myeloma (20% vs 31% and 34% in volunteers and osteoporosis). Between volunteers and patients with osteoporosis the differences in the T2 of the fat component was significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: In our preliminary experience MRS is helpful in the differential diagnosis of bony demineralization. It enables a differentiation between osteoporosis and diffuse multiple myeloma. T2 value measurements may be helpful in the diagnostic trial of osteoporosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Gerontologic aspects of postmenopausal measurement of bone density and prevention of osteoporosis].

I. Among 454 postmenopausal women to undergo bone mineral density (BMD) examination 7 out of 10 were aged 50 to 70 years. 1. 50 of patients older than 70 years had BMD examination because of being clinically suspicious of osteoporosis. 2. In this group of age 4 out of 10 women had BMD results of the lumbar spine below 0,8 gcm2. 3. Half of all women aged up to 50 years had a positive family history of osteoporosis. 4. Patients older than 60 years often underestimated their own risk of osteoporosis. 5. 50 of women up to the age of 50 and only one sixth of women older than 70 said they had very good to good knowledge of osteoporosis. 6. Resentments against estrogen substitution are rapidly growing with every decade of age. 7. Only one third of the women selected by BMD-indication were ready to accept longterm estrogen substitution to prevent osteoporosis. II. 4 out of 10 women had entered menopause maximally 8 years ago.1. Out of this group 6 of 10 patients were substituted with estrogen. 2. When menstruation had sisted more than 15 years ago the BMD examination indication, clinically suspicious of osteoporosis, rose immensely and made up for 50 of patients. 3. One third to one half of patients who had reached menopause more than 22 years ago showed pathological BMD results, which means they were at risk of fractures. 4. In this group only 1 in 10 women had a positive history of osteoporosis. III. Obese postmenopausal women (more than 25 of overweight according to Broca) had pathologic BMD results only half as often as postmenopausal women with normal weight. Summing it up these facts may be the basis of special counselling on the prevention of osteoporosis by estrogen substitution.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Abnormalities in parathyroid hormone secretion and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 formation in women with osteoporosis.

We investigated the parathyroid hormone-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) axis in osteoporosis by administering phosphate to 8 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (49 to 78 years old) and to 10 normal women matched for age (50 to 74 years). All subjects responded with a similar increase in the serum phosphorus concentration (women with osteoporosis, 1.15 +/- 0.06 to 1.79 +/- 0.09 mmol per liter; controls, 1.14 +/- 0.05 to 1.73 +/- 0.08 mmol per liter) and a fall in the ionized calcium concentration (women with osteoporosis, 1.12 +/- 0.03 to 1.06 +/- 0.03 mmol per liter; controls, 1.17 +/- 0.01 to 1.11 +/- 0.02 mmol per liter). Parathyroid hormone levels rose 2.5-fold in the control group (15.4 +/- 2.2 to 37.9 +/- 6.1 pg per milliliter) but increased by only 43 percent in the group with osteoporosis (14.8 +/- 2.8 to 21.2 +/- 4.1 pg per milliliter), an increase similar to that previously reported in young normal subjects (53 percent). In healthy older and younger subjects, the levels of 1,25(OH)2D did not change; in the subjects with osteoporosis, however, they decreased significantly (50 percent). We conclude that older women require a greater parathyroid hormone stimulus than younger women to maintain vitamin D homeostasis, because of an age-related decline in the formation of 1,25(OH)2D in response to parathyroid hormone, and that in osteoporosis the age-appropriate parathyroid hormone response to the same hypocalcemic signal is diminished. Our results are consistent with the presence of an abnormality in parathyroid hormone secretory function in osteoporosis in addition to the universal decline in 1,25(OH)2D responsiveness associated with aging.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Hypothesis: etiology of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis: are imbalances in the calciferol endocrine system implicated?

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are currently considered unrelated diseases. Osteoporosis involves bone calcium (Ca) loss and predominantly affects females after menopause. Atherosclerosis is an illness predominantly affecting males, and is primarily characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism. However, pathological calcification of the arterial wall is an underlying feature of atherosclerosis. Ca homeostasis is thus important in atherosclerosis as well as in osteoporosis. Men also develop osteoporosis although at a later age than women, and, as osteoporosis progresses in women, there is an accompanying calcification of arteries leading to increased incidence of atherosclerosis in aging women. Thus, during old age, both atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are prevalent in both males and females. The dramatic increase in atherosclerosis among women as they develop osteoporosis suggests that the two illnesses may be more closely related than previously realized. The use of vitamin D as a food supplement coincides with epidemic onsets of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis, and excess vitamin D induces both conditions in humans and laboratory animals. These observations suggest a role for chronic vitamin D excess in the etiology of the two illnesses. Magnesium (Mg) deficiency, nicotine, and high dietary cholesterol are contributing factors that accentuate adverse effects of vitamin D.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of skeletal status by quantitative ultrasonometry in postmenopausal women without known risk factors for osteoporosis.

The objective of our study was to evaluate bone density in Italian postmenopausal women without clinical risk factors for osteoporosis resident in the Naples area using quantitative ultrasonometry of bone (QUS). Subjects were 1149 Italian postmenopausal women (age: 54.9 +/- 5.0 years (mean +/- standard deviation); range: 45-74 years) resident in the Naples area. Clinical risk factors for osteoporosis resulting in exclusion from the study were family history of osteoporosis, dietary, smoking and alcohol habits, personal history of fractures and/or metabolic diseases. The following QUS parameters were calculated: amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS), T-score and Z-score. We found significant inverse correlations between AD-SoS and age (r = - 0.23), time since menopause (r = - 0.25) and body mass index (BMI) (r = - 0.16). The same was observed for T-score. In contrast, Z-score showed a significant positive correlation with age and time since menopause, and a negative correlation with BMI. A T-score suggestive of high risk for osteoporosis (less than -3.2) was found in 1.6% of subjects, while a T-score suggestive of moderate risk for osteoporosis (between -3.2 and -2) was found in 19.3% of patients. In this group of women without clinical risk factors for osteoporosis we found a very low prevalence of QUS results suggesting a high risk for osteoporosis. However, a condition of 'moderate' risk for osteoporosis was present in a remarkable percentage of these women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Brittle bones: ageing or threat of disease exploring women's cultural models of osteoporosis.

AIMS: To explore elderly Danish women's ideas about osteoporosis and the possible threat to health. The authors discuss the issue of risk interpretations in itself, using osteoporosis as a case. METHODS: A qualitative study based on material from focus-group discussions. Twenty-two 60- to 61-year-old healthy women were selected on the basis of questionnaire answers. Analysis was based on a meaning-centred approach. RESULTS: Comprehension of osteoporosis was mainly based on images representing various dimensions of osteoporosis. The women drew on experiences with relatives, friends, and health information. Physical appearance seemed to be the most common way of assessing those who had osteoporosis or who might have it in the future. Women's ideas about osteoporosis were influenced by two main, parallel stereotypes of knowledge based on models of ageing with bodily decay and the threat of a preventable disease. They seemed to vacillate, often integrating elements from both models in their comprehension. The scenarios for women with or liable to develop osteoporosis as a disease appeared to be founded on worst-case scenarios. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that health professionals pay greater attention to people's models and images of risk conditions and carefully decide which images they wish to promote. Health education regarding osteoporosis comprises an ethical obligation to avert the construction of the more extreme and anxiety-producing prototypes. This is especially important when informing individuals about risk and prevention and when decisions on screenings and other medical examinations are made.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Zinc, biochemical markers of nutrition, and type I osteoporosis.

Having observed previously that the reduction of levels of biological markers of nutrition in postmenopausal osteoporosis may be related to zinc deficiency, we measured plasma and urinary zinc concentrations in 30 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and in 30 healthy postmenopausal women who served as controls. Plasma zinc levels did not differ between groups, but urinary zinc excretion was significantly higher in the women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (p = 0.002). The relation between total body bone mineral content corrected for body weight (TBBMC/W) and markers of nutrition was significant (multiple regression analysis: p < 0.0001) in the women with postmenopausal osteoporosis but not in the healthy postmenopausal controls. Likewise, the relation between TBBMC/W and plasma and urinary zinc levels also was significant in the women with postmenopausal osteoporosis but not in the controls (multiple regression analysis: p = 0.0022). Neither group showed any correlation between plasma or urinary zinc concentrations and levels of biological markers of nutrition. Urinary zinc concentration correlated significantly with serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase level (simple linear regression analysis: r = 0.583, p < 0.001) in the women with postmenopausal osteoporosis but not in controls. TBBMC correlated with urinary zinc concentration significantly in the women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (simple linear regression: r = 0.567, p = 0.0015), but the correlation was nonsignificant in healthy postmenopausal controls. These findings indicate that the elevation of urinary zinc elimination in osteoporosis is dependent on bone resorption.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Serum retinyl esters are not elevated in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis whose preformed vitamin A intakes are high.

BACKGROUND: Recent observational studies suggest that preformed vitamin A (VA) intakes of 1500-2000 microg/d may increase the risk of osteoporosis and hip fracture. However, few studies have examined associations between biologic indicators of VA and osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: This study characterized VA intake, serum VA, and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis. DESIGN: Bone density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were separated into those with osteoporosis (n = 30) and those with normal bone density (n = 29). Women with osteopenia were excluded. Complete blood chemistries were obtained. Serum was analyzed for retinol, retinyl esters, and metabolites. Assays for 3 bone turnover markers were performed by using commercially available kits. Diet records were quantified. Logistic regression was used to test for an association between dietary and serum variables and osteoporosis. RESULTS: Dietary VA did not differ significantly between the groups but was nearly twice the Recommended Dietary Allowance in both groups. Body mass index (BMI) and serum triacylglycerols were significantly lower in the osteoporosis group. Retinyl esters were not elevated in either group, but a trend existed for the association of serum retinyl esters as a percentage of total VA with osteoporosis (P = 0.070) after adjustment for BMI and triacylglycerols in the statistical model. Milk, fruit, and vegetable intakes were below the current recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Serum retinyl esters were not elevated in these postmenopausal women despite intakes of total VA that were nearly two-fold the Recommended Dietary Allowance. However, retinyl ester concentration (percentage of total VA) was marginally associated with osteoporosis and should be further investigated.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

Turkish women's knowledge of osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Preventive measures including patient education can reduce hip fractures related to osteoporosis. Sometimes osteoporosis can be diagnosed with fractures or with a serious health problem, and most women are probably unaware of the risk factors which can be changed by prevention. The first step in preventing osteoporosis in women should be to make them aware of the risk factors. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine Turkish women's knowledge about and attitudes to osteoporosis and its prevention. METHODS: A total of 311 women who applied to the Family Medicine department of the Middle East Technical University Medical Center were asked to fill in a questionnaire about osteoporosis. Only 270 of the 311 women who completed the entire questionnaire were included in the study. RESULTS: Nearly 90% of the women surveyed thought they were somewhat familiar with osteoporosis. However, >65% were unaware that the disease is directly responsible for disabling hip fractures, and >40% were unable to identify significant risk factors. Only 36% of the respondents could correctly identify the calcium-rich foods among the choices. CONCLUSION: According to our survey, a considerable number of the Turkish women in our settlement are unaware of the risk factors and the consequences of osteoporosis. Therefore, the women have inadequate knowledge of osteoporosis. There should be information resources easily accessible for the patients. The most important organizational incentives for providing patient information are further health promotion by the health authorities and the support of family physicians and the primary health care team.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Aetiology and presenting symptoms in male osteoporosis.

In order to analyse the clinical characteristics and the principal causes of osteoporosis in men, 81 osteoporotic males from an out-patient rheumatology department were studied. Bone mass assessment, automated biochemical profile and biochemical markers of bone turnover were performed in all patients, and hormonal measurements were taken when a specific aetiology was not readily apparent. Sixty-three men (78%) had secondary osteoporosis and 18 (22%) primary osteoporosis. Secondary causes of osteoporosis included hypogonadism (12 patients), corticosteroid therapy (10 patients) and alcoholism (10 patients); the remaining patients had various causes of osteoporosis. Eighteen patients had primary osteoporosis, eight of them with associated hypercalciuria. Normocalciuric patients showed lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1-25-hydroxyvitamin D levels than the control group, whereas hypercalciuric patients had lower parathyroid hormone and renal threshold for phosphate excretion. In 69 patients (85%), back pain was the chief complaint. Forty-five of these 69 patients (65%) had chronic back pain and 24 (35%) had subacute episodes. Fifty per cent of the patients with chronic back pain had vertebral fractures. Both patients with and without chronic back pain were found to have a similar number of vertebral fractures. In conclusion, male osteoporosis is frequently associated with major risk factors. Patients with primary osteoporosis may have associated hypercalciuria or decreased vitamin D levels. However, not all the patients for whom back pain was the chief complaint were found to have vertebral fractures.

Adult↗