Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OBSESSIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The cognitive mediation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a longitudinal study.

Contemporary cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posit that OC symptoms arise from negative interpretations of intrusive thoughts, which are derived from trait-like dysfunctional assumptions ("obsessive beliefs;" e.g., concerning overestimates of responsibility). Although correlational studies suggest that obsessive beliefs, negative interpretations of intrusions, and OC symptoms are interrelated, prospective studies evaluating the directional hypotheses implied in the cognitive model are lacking. In the present longitudinal study, 76 first time expecting parents were followed through the postpartum. Results indicated that the tendency to negatively interpret the presence and meaning of unwanted intrusive infant-related thoughts early in the postpartum period (3-4 weeks) mediated the relationship between pre-childbirth obsessive-beliefs and late postpartum (12 weeks) OC symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and treatment implications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trans-cultural aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a description of a Brazilian sample and a systematic review of international clinical studies.

Little is known about the extent and the mechanisms through which culture may affect the clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this study, our objective was to identify culture-related symptomatological patterns in OCD. We described the socio-demographic and phenomenological characteristics of 101 adult patients with OCD seen at an university clinic for anxiety and depressive disorders in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and compared them with those reported in 15 clinical samples from North and Latin America, Europe, Africa, and Asia identified through a systematic review in MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and LILACS. Patients with OCD were almost universally characterized by: (1) a predominance of females, (2) a relatively early age of onset, and (3) a preponderance of mixed obsessions and compulsions. In contrast, a predominance of aggressive and religious obsessions was found only in Brazilian and Middle Eastern samples, respectively. The core features of OCD are probably relatively independent of cultural variations. The sole exception to this rule seems to be the content of the obsessions, in which cultural factors may play a significant role.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Chronic tics and Tourette syndrome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic motor/vocal tics (CMVT) are both common disorders in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, there have been few studies evaluating the differences between the OCD with TS and OCD with CMVT subgroups. This study was conducted in order to further investigate possible differences between the expression of the OCD phenotype in OCD with TS and that seen in OCD with CMVT. One hundred and fifty-nine outpatients referred to an OCD research program were evaluated using the following instruments: the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; and the USP-HARVARD Repetitive Behaviors Interview. Patients were divided into three groups: OCD patients without tics (OCD-TICS, n=98), OCD patients with chronic motor or vocal tics (OCD+CMVT, n=31) and OCD patients with TS (OCD+TS, n=30). OCD+CMVT patients were similar to OCD+TS patients regarding the frequency of intrusive sounds, repeating behaviors, counting and tic-like compulsions (in both cases more frequent than in OCD-TICS patients). For age at obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom onset, sensory phenomena score, number of comorbidities, frequency of somatic obsessions, bodily sensations and just-right perceptions, OCD+CMVT patients tended to be in between the other two groups. Our results suggest that there are qualitative and quantitative differences in the phenotypic expression of tic disorders in OCD patients, depending on whether the subject has TS or only CMVT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Role of the orbital cortex and of the serotonergic system in a rat model of obsessive compulsive disorder.

The serotonergic system and the orbitofrontal cortex have been consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. Yet, the relations between these two systems and the ways they interact in producing obsessions and compulsions are poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that pathology of the orbitofrontal cortex leads to a dysregulation of the serotonergic system which is manifested in compulsive behavior, using a new rat model of this disorder. In the model, 'compulsive' behavior is induced by attenuating a signal indicating that a lever-press response was effective in producing food. We found that lesion to the rat orbital cortex led to a selective increase in compulsive lever-pressing that was prevented by the serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, paroxetine, and was paralleled by an increase in the density of the striatal serotonin transporter, assessed using high affinity [3H]imipramine binding. These results suggest that the serotonergic system is involved in orbital lesion-induced compulsivity, and provide a possible account for the observed association between obsessions and compulsions and dysfunction of the orbitofrontal cortex and of the serotonergic system in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a necessary link between phenomenology, neuropsychology, imagery and physiology.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts and compulsive time-consuming behaviors classified into three to five distinct symptom dimensions including: (1) aggressive/somatic obsessions with checking compulsions; (2) contamination concerns with washing compulsions; (3) symmetry obsessions with counting/ordering compulsions; (4) hoarding obsessions with collecting compulsions; and (5) sexual/religious concerns. Phenomenologically, OCD could be thought of as the irruption of internal signals centered on the erroneous perception that "something is wrong" in a specific situation. This generates severe anxiety, leading to recurrent behaviors aimed at reducing the emotional tension. In this paper, we examine how the abnormalities in brain activity reported in OCD can be interpreted in the light of physiology after consideration of various approaches (phenomenology, neuropsychology, neuroimmunology and neuroimagery) that contribute to proposing the central role of several cortical and subcortical regions, especially the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPC), the head of the caudate nucleus and the thalamus. The OFC is involved in the significance attributed to the consequences of action, thereby subserving decision-making, whereas the ACC is particularly activated in situations in which there are conflicting options and a high likelihood of making an error. The DLPC plays a critical part in the cognitive processing of relevant information. This cortical information is then integrated by the caudate nucleus, which controls behavioral programs. A dysfunction of these networks at one or several stages will result in the emergence and maintenance of repetitive thoughts and characteristic OCD behavior.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive dysfunctions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder compared to the patients with schizophrenia patients: relation to overvalued ideas.

OBJECTIVE: The clinical overlaps between schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) seem to be related to thought disorders involving obsessions, overvalued ideas, and delusions. Overvalued ideas are beliefs falling in between obsessions and delusions and are stronger than obsessions but weaker than delusions. The goal of the present study was to compare patients with OCD to those with schizophrenia in terms of cognitive functions and to relate cognition and overvalued ideas in OCD. METHODS: Twenty three patients with OCD (free of depression), 24 patients with schizophrenia, and 22 healthy subjects matched to patients in age, gender, education, and hand dominance were included in the study. All subjects were administered neurocognitive tests assessing verbal learning-memory, executive functions, verbal fluency, attention and verbal working memory. RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia showed worse performance on cognitive tests than the OCD and control groups. The severity of overvalued ideas was significantly correlated to cognitive functions in the OCD group. There were no significant differences in cognitive functions between schizophrenia group and the OCD patients who had higher scores on the Overvalued Ideas Scale (OVIS). CONCLUSION: Overvalued ideas in OCD may be related to cognitive dysfunctions in OCD and this subtype of OCD may have similar characteristics to schizophrenia in terms of cognition.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Perceived parental rearing style in obsessive-compulsive disorder: relation to symptom dimensions.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) runs in families, but the specific contribution of genetic and environmental factors to its development is not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess whether there are differences in perceived parental child-rearing practices between OCD patients and healthy controls, and whether any relationship exists between parental characteristics, depressive symptoms and the expression of particular OCD symptom dimensions. A group of 40 OCD outpatients and 40 matched healthy controls received the EMBU (Own Memories of Parental Rearing Experiences in Childhood), a self-report measure of perceived parental child-rearing style. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were used to assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms. The Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist was used to assess the nature of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, considering the following five symptom dimensions: contamination/cleaning, aggressive/checking, symmetry/ordering, sexual/religious and hoarding. Logistic and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to study the relationship between parental style of upbringing, depressive symptoms and OCD symptom dimensions. Severe OCD (Y-BOCS: 27.0+/-7.4) and mild to moderate depressive symptoms (HDRS: 14.0+/-5.4) were detected in our sample. Compared with healthy controls, OCD patients perceived higher levels of rejection from their fathers. No differences between the groups with respect to perceived levels of overprotection were detected. The seventy of depressive symptoms could not be predicted by scores on any perceived parental characteristics. Hoarding was the only OCD symptom dimension that could be partially predicted by parental traits, specifically low parental emotional warmth. Social/cultural variables such as parental child-rearing patterns, in interaction with biological and genetic factors, may contribute to the expression of the OCD phenotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Overvalued ideation as a predictor of fluvoxamine response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The presence of overvalued ideation (OVI) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been theoretically linked to poorer treatment outcome. OVI has recently been shown to predict treatment outcome in OCD. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether OVI predicts medication treatment response, controlling for initial symptom severity and measurement error. The sample consisted of 34 outpatients diagnosed with OCD who completed an open-label clinical trial of fluvoxamine of 10 weeks' duration. Clinicians administered the Overvalued Ideas Scale (OVIS) at baseline. Symptom severity was rated at baseline and at the end of week 10 using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Of those who completed the trial, 68% showed a reliable change in obsessions and 62% showed a reliable change in compulsions. Analysis of variance showed that baseline OVIS predicted outcome for obsessions, but not compulsions. A key limitation was the relatively low number of individuals in the upper quartile on the OVIS, thus reducing the predictive power of the measure in relation to treatment outcome. Future research should examine medication treatment outcome with higher scoring patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Use of factor analysis to detect potential phenotypes in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study aimed to identify symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in order to reveal distinct clinical phenotypes. Factor analysis of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) checklist on item level was performed on data from 335 outpatients with primary OCD. The relationship of demographic and clinical characteristics to the resulting factor scores was examined. A principal component analysis identified the following five consistent symptom dimensions: (1) contamination and cleaning, (2) aggressive, sexual and religious obsessions, (3) somatic obsessions and checking, (4) symmetry and counting/arranging compulsions and (5) high-risk assessment and checking. We observed significant differences in sex distribution, age of onset, Y-BOCS scores and familial prevalence of OCD in relation to the symptom dimensions. These findings provide further evidence for distinct clinical phenotypes in OCD.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Clinical picture of obsessive-compulsive disorder with poor insight: a regression model.

DSM-IV included a type of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with poor insight in the official classification. The present study was performed using a continuous measure of the level of insight to analyze the association between this variable and characteristics of the disorder. Seventy-four consecutive OCD outpatients (DSM-IV criteria) were assessed using: a semistructured interview for sociodemographic and clinical features, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the National Institute of Mental Health Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (NIMH-OCS), the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales (HDRS, HARS), and the Overvalued Ideas Scale (OVIS) as a continuous measure of the level of insight. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that demographic and clinical factors were related to the OVIS score. The following four factors were found to be significantly related to the OVIS score: the Y-BOCS score for compulsions, OCD chronic course, and family history of OCD were positively related, while obsessive-compulsive personality disorder was negatively related. These results suggest that poor insight identifies a group of OCD patients with distinct clinical characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Obsessive-compulsive disorder with hoarding behavior: unravelling key differences.

OBJECTIVE: Hoarding disorder remains underexplored and poorly understood despite its significant impact on individuals and communities. While historically linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), emerging evidence suggests they may be distinct conditions. This study aims to investigate these differences. METHODS: Adults aged 18-88 years old (M = 39.86, SD = 14.86) were part of the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort study, including 1247 individuals with OCD without presumed hoarding disorder (OCD-pHD) and 663 individuals with OCD and presumed hoarding disorder (OCD+pHD). Sociodemographic data were collected, and participants were screened for other psychiatric conditions. All met DSM-5 criteria for OCD, with severity assessed using the Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and Y-BOCS. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.0007, adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The OCD+pHD group had significantly lower educational attainment, was more likely to live alone or in supervised living, and less likely to be married. This group also had more severe OCD and poorer insight. All types of obsessions and compulsions were more frequent in the OCD+pHD group, except for obsessions related to harming others. Additionally, the OCD+pHD group had higher rates of major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania and previous diagnosis and/or symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. No significant difference was found for substance use and Tic/Tourette disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Significant clinical differences were observed between the groups, highlighting the need for further research to improve diagnosis, conceptualization, awareness, and support for individuals with hoarding disorder in the context of OCD.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cross-cultural validity of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.

Some psychometric properties of an adaptation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for use in the Netherlands (Y-BOCS-NL) were examined in 65 psychiatric inpatients. The factorial invariance of two-dimensional systems were determined, namely Severity and Disturbance versus Obsessions and Compulsions, with the latter performing substantially better than the former in different respects. All further analyses were therefore focused on the Obsessions and Compulsions prototype. Inter-rater agreement was established in four inpatients by 39 raters at different institutions and found to be excellent. Internal consistency was also excellent. Concurrent and divergent validity were examined and established by correlating the Y-BOCS-NL with the Padua Inventory, the Burns Perfectionism Scale and state and/or trait measures of, among others, hostility, anxiety, depression, irrational fears and assertiveness. The Obsessions and Compulsions dimensions were lowly intercorrelated and showed evidence of clearly different patterns of correlations with external measures (divergent validity).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Conceptualization and treatment of bowel obsessions: two case reports.

Bowel obsessions have long been recognized in clinical settings, usually presenting as an overwhelming fear of losing bowel control in public. Conceptual issues with regard to this disorder have hampered treatment efforts. For example, disagreement exists as to its proper classification within the spectrum of anxiety disorders: it has been conceptualized both as a variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder and as a symptom of social phobia, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. In addition, the comorbidity of bowel obsessions and functional bowel disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome is not understood. While reports of pharmacological intervention exist, little has been written about psychological treatment techniques. This paper uses two cases studies of successful behavioral treatment of bowel obsessions as illustrations to address the above issues.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Treating adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: applications of the cognitive theory.

The recent cognitive theory of obsessions suggests that catastrophic misinterpretations of the significance of one's unwanted intrusive thoughts gives rise to, and maintains, obsessions (Rachman, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1997). It follows from this that provision of benign interpretations of the significance of intrusions is likely to challenge and weaken the catastrophic appraisals. This article describes the application of this theory to two adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The adolescents were provided with an alternative, benign interpretation of the significance of intrusive thoughts and images using a thought suppression paradigm. It is concluded that a personal demonstration using the thought suppression paradigm is a helpful clinical tool for the cognitive treatment of obsessions in adolescent OCD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The role of traumatic experiences in the genesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This paper discusses the role of traumatic stress in the genesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. While the early classical conditioning theory of the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder has only limited empirical support, authorities have always recognised the role of stress in precipitating this disorder, and in triggering relapse in those who have been successfully treated. Here, clinical cases are cited that show a causal link between severe trauma and the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The nature of the traumatic reaction and the possible mechanisms by which it leads to frank obsessive-compulsive disorder are discussed. The apparent links between this and posttraumatic stress disorder are also explored. Finally, implications for therapy are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of frontal lobe activation during word generation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Functional imaging studies have demonstrated abnormal patterns of brain activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder, which consistently suggest the alteration of frontal lobe functioning. We performed a brain activation study in obsessive-compulsive disorder using a cognitive task involving the frontal lobes. METHODS: Twenty patients and 20 healthy control subjects were assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a phonologically guided word generation task. The study analysis was based on the comparison of group average time-course functional changes occurring at the site of largest frontal cortex activation during alternating rest and task periods. RESULTS: In terms of relative signal changes, patients showed a significantly greater activation during word generation and a defective suppression of this activation during the following rest period. Both abnormal imaging findings significantly correlated with the severity of the clinical process assessed by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that functional magnetic resonance imaging during cognitive challenge may be useful to reveal distinctive features of latent brain dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical characteristics in obsessive-compulsive disorder with schizophrenia.

The objective of this study was to compare two groups of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with and without comorbid schizophrenia in terms of demographic and clinical features. A total of 65 patients diagnosed with OCD were divided into two groups: one comprising 20 patients with schizophrenia and the other comprising 45 patients without schizophrenia. The groups were then compared with respect to demographic variables and scores obtained on various scales. The two groups were similar for the frequency and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Insight into obsessive-compulsive symptoms was significantly better in the group with schizophrenia. Our findings suggest that the characteristics of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenic OCD patients are similar to those in nonschizophrenic OCD patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of clinical features among Japanese eating-disordered women with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Clinical features, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, were investigated in Japanese women with DSM-III-R eating disorders (EDs) and concurrent OCD in comparison to age-matched women with OCD. Sixteen women with restricting anorexia nervosa (AN), 16 with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 16 with both AN and BN (BAN) showed commonality in a more elevated prevalence of OCD symptoms of symmetry and order compared with 18 OCD women. Among the personality disorders (PDs), likewise, obsessive-compulsive PD (OCPD) was more prevalent in each ED group compared with the OCD group. However, aggressive obsessions were more common in both BN and BAN subjects compared with AN subjects. Subjects with bulimic symptoms were also distinguished from AN subjects by impulsive features in behavior and personality. Thus, an elevated prevalence of aggressive obsessions along with an admixture of impulsive and compulsive features specifically characterized the clinical features of bulimic subjects with OCD.

Adolescent↗