Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Neonatal”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Thrombopoietin (Tpo) in the fetus and neonate: Tpo concentrations in preterm and term neonates, and organ distribution of Tpo and its receptor (c-mpl) during human fetal development.

Little is known about thrombopoietin (Tpo) production in human fetuses and neonates. As a step toward determining whether Tpo is relevant to platelet production in the fetus and neonate, we hypothesized that: (1) like other cytokines, Tpo is present in the cord blood in higher concentrations than in adult plasma; (2) Tpo and its receptor (c-mpl) are expressed in fetuses at, and following, 5-6 weeks post-conception (when platelet production begins); and (3) the sites of Tpo and c-mpl production in the fetus are similar to those of adults. We quantified Tpo, by ELISA, in the plasma of 50 adults, as well as in the umbilical cord plasma of 50 preterm and term infants. We also characterized, by RT-PCR, the organ distribution of Tpo and c-mpl during fetal development (at 8 and 16 weeks). Tpo concentrations were measurable (> or =41 pg/ml) in only two of the 50 adult samples (44 and 46 pg/ml), but in 24 of the 50 cord plasma samples (of the 24 samples, the median was 62 pg/ml; mean+/-SD, 80+/-39 pg/ml). Tpo levels did not correlate with either gestational age or platelet count at birth. Similarly to adults, in the fetal tissues, Tpo transcripts were found in all organs tested, but the most dense bands were from liver. C-mpl transcripts were also predominantly from liver. We conclude that: (1) Tpo is present in higher concentrations in cord plasma than in venous plasma of adults; (2) Tpo and c-mpl transcripts are detected in human fetuses as early as the onset of platelet appearance; and(3) Tpo and c-mpl have a similar organ distribution in fetuses and adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Mandibulo-facial dysostosis: comparison study of a neonate with mandibulo-facial dysostosis and a normal neonate.

Mandibulo-facial dysostosis (MFD) is a malformative syndrome with autosomal dominant transmission and variable expressivity that mainly affects derivatives of the first and second branchial arches. The subsurface anatomy of this condition is still partly unexplored since there have been only four reported dissections of MFD. A detailed dissection of the head and neck of a neonate with MFD is described and compared with a normal neonate. Theories of the pathogenesis are discussed on the basis of these observations.

Branchial Region↗
PubMed2002

Redistribution of the sheep neonatal Fc receptor in the mammary gland around the time of parturition in ewes and its localization in the small intestine of neonatal lambs.

Maternal immunity is mediated exclusively by colostral immunoglobulins in ruminants. As the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is suggested to be involved in the transport of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the mammary gland, we cloned this receptor from sheep and analysed its expression in the mammary gland around the time of parturition and also in the small intestine from the newborn lamb. FcRn heavy-chain mRNA was detected (by using in situ hybridization) exclusively in the acinar and ductal epithelial cells in mammary gland biopsies both before and after parturition. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of the acini and ducts in the mammary gland biopsies stained homogeneously before parturition. A remarkable difference was observed in the pattern after lambing, where the apical side of the cells was strongly stained. The presence of the FcRn in the acinar and ductal epithelial cells of the mammary gland, and the obvious change in distribution before and after parturition, indicate that the FcRn plays an important role in the transport of IgG during colostrum formation in ruminants. Immunohistochemical analysis detected a strong apical and a weak basal FcRn signal in the duodenal crypt cells of a neonatal lamb, which have been previously demonstrated to secrete IgG1 in newborn ruminants. The FcRn was not detected in the duodenal enterocytes, which absorb intact IgG from the colostrum in a non-specific manner. These data suggest that FcRn is involved in IgG1 secretion in ruminant epithelial cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Mepivacaine for spinal anesthesia in parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery: maternal and neonatal plasma concentrations and neonatal outcome.

OBJECTIVE: Worldwide, long-acting bupivacaine is most commonly used for spinal anesthesia in parturients undergoing elective Cesarean delivery. However, advances in surgical technique and shorter duration of surgery make short-acting local anesthetic like mepivacaine appropriate, particularly if combined with opioids to enhance postoperative maternal pain relief. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We assessed the effect of 4% hyperbaric mepivacaine (60 mg) plus 10 microg fentanyl for spinal anesthesia in 11 parturients undergoing elective Cesarean delivery. Sensory, motor and analgesic block characteristics, neonatal outcome (Apgar scores, umbilical cord blood analysis, neurologic and adaptive capacity score) as well as fetal and maternal mepivacaine plasma concentrations at delivery were determined (HPLC/UV). RESULTS: Motor block (Induction-Bromage 0) duration lasted 113 +/- 20 min. Effective analgesia (VAS < or = 40) was 128 +/- 35 min. Maternal and fetal mepivacaine free plasma concentration were 0.18 +/- 0.05 microg/ml and 0.10 +/- 0.03 microg/ml, respectively. The fetal to maternal (UV/MV)-ratio for mepivacaine free plasma concentration was 0.56. Apgar scores, NACScores and the umbilical blood analysis showed no evidence of neonatal depression. CONCLUSIONS: Particularly with short duration of surgery (21 +/- 5 min) intrathecal mepivacaine combined with fentanyl offers a favorable clinical alternative in parturients undergoing elective Cesarean delivery.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed2003

Interleukin-1beta in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of premature neonates: a marker for maternal chorioamnionitis and predictor of adverse neonatal outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta in the lungs of preterm infants immediately after birth was associated with maternal inflammation and could predict adverse neonatal outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective evaluation of serially obtained tracheal aspirates for the presence of IL-1beta in 25 preterm infants (birth weight 595-1700 g; gestational age 24-32 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome. The initial tracheal aspirate was obtained within 1 h after delivery. RESULTS: An initial tracheal aspirate positive for IL-1beta had a highly significant correlation with documented maternal chorioamnionitis for the given patient. In addition, the presence of IL-1beta correlated significantly with elevated total cell count (2.62 vs. 0.96 x 10(6)/ml, p = 0.0097), granulocyte count (2.12 vs. 0.22 x 10(6)/ml, p = 0.001), macrophage count (0.28 vs. 0.01 x 10(6)/ml, p = 0.02) and the presence of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Preterm neonates positive for IL-1beta in their initial sample were on prolonged assisted ventilation (38 vs. 16 days, p = 0.013) and oxygen supplementation (62 vs. 40.5 days, p = 0.0462) and required prolonged hospitalization (69 vs. 46 days, p = 0.0165). CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of IL-1beta in the initial tracheal aspirate obtained from the lungs of preterm infants within the first hour of life may serve as a marker of antenatal/perinatal inflammation, probably due to maternal chorioamnionitis, and could predict an adverse clinical course and short-term outcome.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

NICE, a new cause of death classification for stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Neonatal and Intrauterine Death Classification according to Etiology.

BACKGROUND: Stillbirths and neonatal deaths are often the result of a complicated chain of events. For epidemiological purposes a classification into single cause of death groups is essential. For large-scale studies, a method is needed which enables such grouping based on available register data. METHODS: A cause of death classification system called NICE is presented. It is hierarchical and is aetiologically orientated. A computerized method is adapted which makes use of data in four central Swedish registries. A validation of the computer method has been made from the medical records on a 10% sample of all stillbirths and neonatally dead infants in Sweden from 1983 to 1990. RESULTS: The specificity of the computer method is high, sensitivity is less satisfactory for some subgroups. A time trend analysis illustrates the usefulness of the classification system and shows a decline with time for two groups: placental abruption and obstetric complications. CONCLUSIONS: The NICE classification system fulfils the criteria of an aetiologically orientated classification system which can be used in a computerized environment.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1994

Triiodothyronine inhibits proliferation and stimulates differentiation of cultured neonatal Sertoli cells: possible mechanism for increased adult testis weight and sperm production induced by neonatal goitrogen treatment.

Transient neonatal hypothyroidism in the rat causes prolonged Sertoli cell proliferation, delayed Sertoli cell maturation, and increased adult Sertoli cell number, testis weight, and sperm production. Conversely, neonatal hyperthyroidism decreases Sertoli cell proliferation and ultimate testis size. This suggests that thyroid hormones might normally directly inhibit Sertoli cell proliferation while promoting maturation. However, these Sertoli cell effects could be due to secondary hormonal or metabolic effects of hypo- or hyperthyroidism. In this study, we directly tested thyroid hormone effects on Sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Sertoli cells from 5-day-old rat testes were grown in serum-free medium alone (controls) or with additional triiodothyronine (T3; 1-200 nM) and/or FSH (1 microgram/ml). After 4 days, cultures were used to obtain RNA for Northern hybridization or for thymidine autoradiography. Labeling index (LI) for control cultures and cultures receiving 100 nM T3 alone was 5.2 +/- 0.5% and 5.0 +/- 0.4%, respectively. The LI of FSH-treated cultures increased to 8.4 +/- 0.8% (p < 0.01 vs. control). Cultures treated with FSH and 1, 10, 100, or 200 nM T3 had LIs of 8.0 +/- 0.9%, 6.1 +/- 0.4%, 5.3 +/- 0.6%, and 4.8 +/- 0.6%, respectively; the last three values were less than for cells receiving FSH alone (p < 0.01) or FSH + 1 nM T3 (p < 0.05). Northern hybridization indicated that mRNA levels for clusterin and inhibin-beta B, Sertoli cell secretory proteins whose production normally increases during postnatal differentiation in vivo, were significantly increased by T3 or FSH alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Management of neonatal candidiasis. Neonatal Candidiasis Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To identify areas of consensus and controversy in the management of neonatal candidiasis. METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to US-based members of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and a sampling of US neonatologists. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty evaluable questionnaires were returned (42% of those mailed). Ninety-five percent of respondents have cared for an infant with systemic candidiasis in the past 2 years. Fluconazole and liposomal amphotericin are used to some extent by 90 and 69% of respondents, respectively. A single blood culture positive for Candida led to a recommendation for immediate treatment by 99%; amphotericin B was the preferred therapy for candidemia (88%). More than 80% of respondents would request cerebrospinal fluid, urine and repeat blood cultures and ophthalmologic examination in the evaluation of candidemia. If a cerebrospinal fluid culture is positive, 25% would use amphotericin B alone whereas 62% would add flucytosine. For candiduria Society members chose fluconazole therapy more often than did neonatologists, 23% vs. 3.4% (P<0.001). There was no consensus concerning duration of therapy, use of an amphotericin B test dose or management of a central catheter in place during candidemia. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic candidiasis in neonates is a frequently encountered clinical problem. There is agreement that prompt therapy with amphotericin B is required if a blood culture is positive for Candida and that such infants require additional evaluations. Other antifungals (fluconazole, liposomal amphotericin B) are used to some extent in this population. Many issues in management have no clear consensus and warrant further research.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2002

Anatomic variations of the coracoacromial ligament in neonatal cadavers: a neonatal cadaver study.

One of the most common causes of pain and disability in the upper limb is inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons. When no significant bony abnormality exists in the surrounding structures, the coracoacromial ligament has been implicated as a possible cause of impingement on the cuff tendons and various morphological variants of the ligament have so far been claimed to be either the cause or the result of impingement. In this study, 110 shoulders from 60 neonatal cadavers that were preserved in a preparation of formaldehyde were dissected. Anatomic variations of coracoacromial ligaments were investigated with metric and histologic analysis. Three main ligament types were identified: quadrangular, broad band and U-shaped. The multiple banded ligament was not found. Histologic analysis showed that in U-shaped ligaments a thin tissue existed in the central part of the ligament close to the coracoid. Comparing our data with the adult measurements of a previous study we suggest that the primordial ligament is broad shaped, but assumes a quadrangular shape due to the different growth rates of the coracoid and acromial ends. We also suggest that broad and U-shaped ligaments account for the primordial and quadrangular and Y-shaped ligaments account for the adult types of the single or double banded anatomic variants respectively. Our results show that various types of the coracoacromial ligament are present at the neonatal period and that the final shape of the ligament should be defined by developmental factors, rather than degenerative changes.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1993

Stillbirths, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality by race, birthweight and gestational age.

The birthweight and gestational age specific mortality of singleton Aboriginal and White infants born in Western Australia during the period 1980-86 is described. The analyses are based on the approximately 8000 Aboriginal and 143,000 White births notified through the Western Australia Midwives' system, which were linked to perinatal and infant death records. Overall, stillbirth, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality risks were significantly higher (P < 0.01) for Aboriginals than Whites. However, for specific birthweights and gestational ages, particularly for infants of lower birthweight and shorter gestations, Aboriginals had lower mortality risks than Whites. The ratio of Aboriginal to White mortality risks tended to increase with advancing age of death, suggesting that longer exposure to the well-documented poorer social and environmental conditions of Aboriginal infants increased the mortality risk.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal dermal hematopoiesis associated with diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis.

This report describes a neonate with dermal hematopoiesis associated with diffuse hemangiomatosis. The cutaneous lesions consisted of multiple red papules and bluish subcutaneous nodules scattered over his body. The nodules were bluish due to the presence of hematopoietic tissue within the hemangiomas. Although neonatal dermal hematopoiesis has been described with viral infections or hematologic dyscrasias, the association with diffuse hemangiomatosis has not been previously described.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1997

Psychomotor development at 10 months as related to neonatal health status: the Stockholm Neonatal Project.

The psychomotor development of 171 preterm very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants (birthweight < or = 1500 g) at 10 months of corrected age was assessed by the Griffiths' Mental Developmental Scale. The developmental score was related to the prenatal and obstetric risk factors and to the neonatal health status of each infant. These results, in turn, were compared to findings for a reference group of full-term infants. This analysis revealed that prolonged ventilator treatment, patent ductus arteriosus, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, brain haemorrhage with ventricle dilatation, white matter lesions, low birthweight and low gestational age influenced psychomotor development in an unfavourable manner. Multiple regression analysis confirmed most of these correlations. Preterm birth per se (when children with risk factors were excluded) in general had no significant effect on psychomotor development. However, the early development of preterm infants with several neonatal risk factors was adversely affected.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1989

Corynebacterium aquaticum urinary tract infection in a neonate, and concepts regarding the role of the organism as a neonatal pathogen.

Corynebacterium aquaticum urinary tract infection developed in a neonate 8 days after uncomplicated vaginal delivery. Prior to definitive identification, the isolate was thought to be Listeria monocytogenes because of its microscopic morphology, catalase positivity, and tumbling motility. The infant responded to intravenous ceftriaxone. Because the presentation of C. aquaticum in this patient suggested systemic involvement, C. aquaticum may be regarded as a bona fide neonatal pathogen.

Corynebacterium↗
PubMed2003

Neonatal brain MRI and motor outcome at school age in children with neonatal encephalopathy: a review of personal experience.

The aim of this paper is to review (i) the spectrum of neuromotor function at school age in children who had been born full-term and presented with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and low Apgar scores and (ii) the relation between the presence/absence of such difficulties and neonatal brain MRI. Motor outcome appears to be mainly related to the severity of basal ganglia and internal capsule involvement. Severe basal ganglia lesions were always associated with the most severe outcome, microcephaly, tetraplegia, and severe global delay, whereas more discrete basal ganglia lesions were associated with athetoid cerebral palsy, with normal cognitive development, or minor neuro-motor abnormalities. White matter lesions were associated with abnormal motor outcome only if the internal capsule was involved. Children with moderate white matter changes but normal internal capsule had normal motor outcome at school age.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Migration patterns of neonatal subventricular zone progenitor cells transplanted into the neonatal striatum.

Our previous studies have shown that the progeny of the neuronal progenitor cells localized in a discrete region of the anterior part of the neonatal subventricular zone, referred to as the SVZa, migrate tangentially along a stereotypical and extended pathway to the olfactory bulb, and then turn radially into one of the overlying cellular layers. In this study we have examined whether the SVZa cells retain their ability to migrate and disperse when heterotopically transplanted into the striatum. SVZa cells from P0-P2 rat pups were microdissected, dissociated, labeled with the lipophilic, fluorescent dye PKH26 or the cell proliferation marker BrdU, and then transplanted into the neonatal (P0-P2) striatum. Examination of the striatum a few days after transplantation revealed aggregates of heavily labeled BrdU-positive, SVZa cells in the striatum, often situated near blood vessels. Two to four weeks after transplantation, however, the labeled SVZa cells had disseminated from their site of implantation and showed three patterns of distribution. In none of the cases was the implantation site detectable in the striatum, signifying that the cells had become incorporated in the host brain. Of the 12 brains analyzed for cell distribution, transplanted SVZa cells were confined to the striatum in 4 cases. The cells were present as individual cells or in small groups of usually two to four cells. When PKH26 was used, we found that many of the transplanted cells extended processes into the striatum. In 3 out of the 12 animals, the labeled SVZa cells were distributed along the dorsal and lateral aspects of the striatal boundary. In the remaining five animals, labeled SVZa cells appeared in both locations: within the striatum as well as along the striatal boundary. The dispersion of the transplanted cells within the striatum and the presence of the transplanted SVZa cells all along the striatal boundary, a region corresponding to the lateral cortical stream of migration of the developing forebrain, demonstrates that the isochronically transplanted SVZa cells retained their capacity to migrate.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the mortality and morbidity for infants weighing 401 to 1500 g (very low birth weight [VLBW]) at birth by gestational age, birth weight, and gender. STUDY DESIGN: Perinatal data were collected prospectively on an inborn cohort from January 1995 through December 1996 by 14 participating centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network and were compared with the corresponding data from previous reports. Sociodemographic factors, perinatal events, and the neonatal course to 120 days of life, discharge, or death were evaluated. RESULTS: Eighty four percent of 4438 infants weighing 501 to 1500 g at birth survived until discharge to home or to a long-term care facility (compared with 80% in 1991 and 74% in 1988). Survival to discharge was 54% for infants 501 to 750 g at birth, 86% for those 751 to 1000 g, 94% for those 1001 to 1250 g, and 97% for those 1251 to 1500g. The incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD; defined as receiving supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age; 23%), proven necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; 7%), and severe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; grade III or IV; 11%) remained unchanged between 1991 and 1996. Furthermore, 97% of all VLBW infants and 99% of infants weighing <1000 g at birth had weights less than the 10th percentile at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Mortality for 195 infants weighing 401 to 500 g was 89%, with nearly all survivors developing CLD. Mortality in infants weighing 501 to 600 g was 71%; among survivors, 62% had CLD, 35% had severe ICH, and 15% had proven NEC. CONCLUSIONS: Survival for infants between 501 and 1500 g at birth continued to improve, particularly for infants weighing <1000 g at birth. This improvement in survival was not associated with an increase in major morbidities, because the incidence of CLD, proven NEC, and severe ICH did not change. However, poor postnatal growth remains a major concern, occurring in 99% of infants weighing <1000 g at birth. Mortality and major morbidity (CLD, severe ICH, and NEC) remain high for the smallest infants, particularly those weighing <600 g at birth.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The predictive value of neonatal neurological assessment and neonatal cranial ultrasonography with respect to the development of very low birth weight premature infants].

OBJECTIVE: To verify the predictive value of two tests (neurological assessment and ultrasonography) performed at the time of discharge, with respect to the neuromotor and cognitive development of premature infants. METHODS: Seventy very low birth weight premature infants (below 1,500 g), admitted to the Neonatal Department between 1992 and 1994 were studied. The average birth weight and gestation age were, respectively, 1,185 g (SD: 180 g) and 32.2 weeks (SD: 1.4). At the term correct age, neurological assessment by the Dubowitz & Dubowitz method and cerebral ultrasonography were carried out. After discharge, the development was monitored at the follow up clinic. RESULTS: At 21 months correct age (SD: 4.9), neuromotor and cognitive abnormalities were observed, respectively, in 25.7% and 20.3% of the infants evaluated. The neonatal neurological assessment was found to be more sensitive than those specific for neuromotor (sensibility: 77.7%, specificity: 57.6%) and cognitive (sensibility: 78.5%, specificity: 56.4%) abnormalities, and exhibited low predictive value for both neuromotor and cognitive abnormality. Ultrasonography exhibited high specificity with respect to both neuromotor and cognitive development. The cerebral ultrasonography has also a reasonable predictive value for neuromotor abnormality. CONCLUSION: The combination of both tests yielded higher predictive values.

Brain↗