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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Scanning electron microscopy of the human normal endometrium.

The AA. examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM) the normal human endometrium of 21 females, 18 in fertile age and 3 in menopause. The study pointed out that the presence of cells with cilia and microvilli only in fertile women. This observation indicates the role these structures may have in the kinetic of spermatozoa, in the nidation and nutrition of oocyte and, at the same time, their dependence on the ovarian hormonal activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The use of exfoliative vaginal cytology for the gynecological evaluation of the bitch].

The relationship between the oestrus cycle of the bitch and the corresponding change in vaginal cytology as a reflection of the endocrine situation is described. The development of the vaginal epithelium is described using 2 staining techniques: a modified Papanicolaou-Shorr and the eosin-Thiazin stains. The use of vaginal smears in mating determination, oestrus suppression and prevention of nidation is discussed and a method of collecting vaginal material is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Calcium carbonate in cholesterol gallstones: polymorphism, distribution, and hypotheses about pathogenesis.

This study of sets of cholesterol gallstones collected consecutively from 222 patients in La Paz, Bolivia, and Mexico City, Mexico, has developed a reliable infrared (IR) spectroscopic method for the detection of calcium carbonate in cholesterol gallstones and provided the basis for simultaneous identification of each of its three polymorphs: calcite, vaterite, and aragonite. The peaks in the 854 to 876 cm-1 region demonstrated 98% sensitivity and specificity for carbonate detection. As little as 3% carbonate by weight could be detected using these peaks. The overall incidence of carbonate was 19% in these populations containing a high proportion of Amerinds. Infrared microspectroscopy of 10 to 50 microns particles, dissected from stones, allowed a ring-by-ring examination of 11 carbonate-containing stones. It was determined that different carbonate polymorphs, when present in the same gallstone, almost always occurred in separate rings. In approximately half of the gallstones, different polymorphs were present in successive layers in the same stone, indicating that conditions governing stone growth changed cyclically. Carbonates were usually precipitated in peripheral layers rather than in the center, supporting the theory that formation of calcium carbonates may be related to episodes of intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct, as opposed to being a major factor in stone nidation.

Calcium Carbonate↗
PubMed1994

[Cervical pregnancy].

The cervical pregnancy is one of the states that make the direct life-threatening for a woman. A death rate is about 20-60%. It is estimated that the cervical pregnancy occurs once for 16000 cases of normal pregnancy. Etiology is not recognized well yet. It is assumed that one of the major causes for implantation of fetal egg within a uterine cervix is the decidual metabolism of endometrium. A hyperestrogenic period after fertilization causing a change of oviduct kinetics may be conducive to nidate the egg in the cervical canal. Surgical traumas of uterus, multiparity, development anomaly, tumours of reproductive organs may cause the change of the fetal egg localization. The great significance is attributed recently to an atrophy of transparent tunica and involving a retardation of egg innidiation ability what results in localization of pregnancy in the cervical canal. In case of this type of ectopic pregnancy the only way to recognize it is a precise medical history of a patient, clinical picture and gynaecological examination. An early recognition of the cervical pregnancy prevents of metrorrhagia which is so dangerous for life. It is commonly assumed that a therapy to be chosen is removal of uterus. Using this background one case of the cervical pregnancy observed for the last 20 years in the department materials is described which recognition before treatment was settled based on the presented clinical argumentation.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1994

[Surgical advancements in reproductive medicine with emphasis on tubal disorders].

Achieving patency of the Fallopian tubes by selective transcervical hysterosalpingography, transcervical tuboplasty using PTCA-balloon catheters and microsurgical techniques has a success rate in excess of 90%, however, the pregnancy rates following these procedures is still less than 50%. Thus, the surgical approach for the treatment of tubal infertility which may improve post therapeutic pregnancy rates remain as yet unsolved problems. Modalities proposed include tubal transplants and prosthetic functional tubes. The purpose of surgical approaches to treat tubal infertility is to regain the physiologic ability to become pregnant without further clinical intervention. This has the advantage of reducing both economic and psychologic stress in the previously infertile couple, thus is clinically highly desirable, when achievable. However as there are limits for the indications of these procedures, for instance in occluded tubes, where disease has caused irreversible damage to the tubal endothelium, physical restoration of patency may not restore fertility. Thus, this discussion covers the limitations of surgical procedures and alternate procedures when surgical procedures are inadequate. We further investigated the tubal influences on the establishment and development of the zygote, and the tubal influences such as pressure and exudate dynamics on their transport within the tube. Thus, the advances in enhanced fertility studies, including in vitro fertilization have led more definitive understanding of fertilization, development of the zygote and its nidation, necessitating more intensive investigation of tubal physiology. In conclusion, where possible, surgical procedures which may allow physiologic pregnancies without additional clinical intervention are an attractive approach which should be utilized maximally when acceptable pregnancy rates can be expected.

Fallopian Tube Diseases↗
PubMed1993

[Ectopic pregnancy as treatment failure of limited fertility states].

We analyzed 51 women experiencing limited fertility in which our treatment resulted in ectopic pregnancy. We took into account preliminary appearance of the reproductive organs, its intraoperative appearance and histopathological conclusions. All gathered data gave way to treatment which complied with etiology of the condition. As a result of all undertaken procedures 6 women totally lost their fertility due to repeated ectopic pregnancy. Some 50% of patients give up any further treatment because of aging or other reasons. In all our patients the organic factor was found as a causative factor of incorrect nidation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Serum levels of placental protein 14 do not accurately reflect histologic maturation of the endometrium.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum levels of placental protein 14, a major product of the progesterone-induced secretory endometrium, accurately reflect histologic maturation of the endometrium. METHODS: Daily serum levels of placental protein 14 were compared in 50 normally cycling women with normal or delayed endometrial maturation, as assessed by histologic dating of an endometrial biopsy in the midluteal phase of the same cycle. Ten of these subjects had placental protein 14 measurements but no biopsy in an additional cycle to examine the potential effects of the biopsy on secretion of this protein. RESULTS: Serum placental protein 14 concentrations started to increase 8 days after the LH surge and peaked at similar levels on the first day of the next menses in biopsy and non-biopsy cycles. The biopsy cycles had a shorter luteal phase but a slightly faster increase in placental protein 14 concentrations. Both the integrated secretion of this protein and single measurements on the day of the biopsy or at the onset of the next menses overlapped substantially in women with different degrees of endometrial development, even when differentiation of the endometrium was severely delayed. CONCLUSION: Serum measurements of placental protein 14 do not accurately predict, and thus should not replace, histologic evaluation of the endometrium at nidation.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1993

Contranidatory activity of early luteal phase administration of mifepristone in the rhesus monkey.

The contranidatory action of mifepristone (RU 486) given as a single application at different dosages to mated rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on second day after ovulation has been examined in the present study. In group 1, monkeys (n = 3) received only vehicle (benzyl benzoate: olive oil, 1:4, v/v) and were treated as controls. In group 2 monkeys (n = 4), RU 486 was given by gavage at 10 mg/kg in group 4 (n = 5). The patterns of cycles and profiles of serum estrogen and progesterone were monitored for assessing the occurrence of implantation and pregnancy. At a single dose of 10 mg/kg, RU 486 was found to be ineffective in preventing nidation, resulting pregnancy in three females out of four treated monkeys. Similarly, an s.c. administration of 1 mg/kg could provide pregnancy protection in two of the four treated monkeys. In these monkeys, however, the menstrual cycle characteristics were not affected as compared to pretreatment cycles. Interestingly, the administration of 2 mg/kg, s.c., RU 486 could provide a hundred percent pregnancy protection in mated monkeys, and there was no significant changes in the pattern of menstrual cycle characteristics. It appears that an early post-ovulatory administration of RU 486 may be successfully used in human as an effective once-a-month, early luteal phase contranidatory agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Early pregnancy on the diaphragm with endometriosis.

The source of hemorrhage in a young woman who required emergency laparotomy for intraabdominal bleeding was found to be a very early primary pregnancy implanted on the undersurface of the right diaphragm, far behind the dome of the liver. Immediately adjacent to this lesion were three tiny foci of endometriosis. This coincidence suggests that the site of nidation may have been a focus of ectopic endometrium rather than peritoneum.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Heterotopic pregnancies after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and assisted reproductive techniques.

Eight cases of heterotopic pregnancy following assisted reproductive techniques (ART) were reviewed. One cervical, three cornual and four tubal pregnancies were combined with intrauterine pregnancies. The cervical ectopy was successfully treated with a local injection of potassium chloride (KCl) into the gestational sac. A viable baby was produced from the intrauterine gestation. Cornual metroplasties were performed on two ruptured and one unruptured cornual heterotopic pregnancies. One of these three cases was maintained till term. All four tubal heterotopic pregnancies were aborted. Widespread application of ART in recent years has meant that heterotopic pregnancies are no longer a rarity. Both physicians and patients should be made aware that the existence of an intrauterine gestation does not preclude the risk of nidation of other fetuses in ectopic sites. The authors recommend that detailed ultrasound studies, preferably via the vaginal route, should be performed on patients in ART programs. During the examination, the adnexae should be carefully evaluated, even if an intrauterine gestational sac is already present. If a heterotopic pregnancy is diagnosed, the appropriate treatment depends on the location of ectopic pregnancy. Local injection with KCl or methotrexate is effective in certain types of cervical or cornual ectopic pregnancy, as it may allow the conservation of the intrauterine pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Well born: development of pregnancy.

Although pregnancy is a biologically normal phenomenon, it is an exceptional event in the life of a woman and her family and, as such, requires a deviation in the organization of values and function. Thus, the aim in developing this system is to provide a supporting tool for students, pregnant women, and obstetrical professors in this situation. The objectives are the following: to demonstrate the several stages of normal pregnancy and to demonstrate the modifications occurring in the maternal body during normal pregnancy. The second trimester of pregnancy has been described as the time when most women seek prenatal care and read books and attend talks about pregnant women in order to receive explanations for the events that are occurring in their bodies. We believe that at this moment, access to software with information on the formation and development of the fetus and the physiologic modifications occurring in the maternal body would be of great help to the family. The system will show, with pictures and text, the global phases in pregnancy, such as: fertilization (gamete fusion, formation of the ovum, nidation, blastulation, gastrulation); formation of embryonic assessors; smooth and shaggy chorion; amniotic and allantoic vesicle; placentogenesis; development of the embryo; maternal circulation; morphological and physiological development of the fetus; anatomical and physiological adaptations and modifications of the maternal body. The method was done with the review in the current literature and to raise audiovisual resources on the issue. The software is being developing using multimedia techniques. We are using the ToolBook software to be run in Windows environment. In view of the above, the elaboration of this software, still nonexistent in Brazil, becomes indispensable and useful for our students, health professionals, and women in general.

Brazil↗
PubMed1996

[Assisted hatching--a useful micromanipulation technic in women after repeated failure of embryo transfer].

One reason for the low implantation rate after IVF/ET is the limiting ability of blastocysts to escape from the zona pellucida, and of nidation. This procedure can be assisted by the creation of an artificial opening in the zona pellucida before the transfer (assisted hatching). An artificial slot in the zona of 58 embryos (20 patients) was created mechanically by using Leitz Fluovert microscope and Narishige micromanipulators. From 20 embryo transfers 6 clinical pregnancies resulted (30.0% clin. preg. rate). In 4 cases women with three or more unsuccessful transfers were involved. This method should be used in classical IVF, specially in cases of repeated high quality embryo transfers which failed.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1977

[Rehabilitation of the portal vein. Anatomical, experimental and clinical observations of liver metastases].

We have studied the macroscopic anatomy of the portal vein to explain the distribution of metastatic emboli, by the orientation of its branches and its internal flows. Its termination seen under the microscope permits, by knowledge of the portal microcirculation of the lobule, one to localise nidation of these emboli in the hepatic sinus and, to explain their proliferation, without neglecting the dynamic role of the hepatic artery through the numerous arterio-portal anastomoses. The portal blood flow is essential to liver regeration even if arterio-biliary proliferation provides the initial impulsion. Interruption of a portal branch produces hepatic atrophy with resultant metabolic disorders. In this context, a precise physiopathological approach permits one to consider the consequences of metastases and, particularly, porto-lymphatic reflux which explains the topography and onset of new emboli. The study of the portal system is an important factor in the decision to operate widely. A nutrient route, the portal vein is followed by the metastasis, it may be interrupted by ligature to prevent the latter. Finally it is an efficacious route for destruction of macroscopic foci (chemotherapy) or prevention and destruction of infraclinical foci (active non-specific loco-regional immunotherapy).

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Experience with a new method of assisted human reproduction based on statistical data from Germany for the year 1995].

Androgynous subfertility is more and more often of unfertile marriages (40-50%). Through application of new method during assisted human reproduction, the method of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is upgraded by intracitoplasmatic spermatozoids initiation (ICSI). Very high percentage of fertilisation has been achieved with the extremely bad ejaculate with oligo-astheno-teratozoospenny (oat), as well as after microsurgical interventions on testies (mesa-tesa). Very high percentage of nidation (24%), with an average of 2.1 embryos per transfer surprises and encourages.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of low doses of prostaglandin F2 alpha during the early luteal phase before and after implantation in beagle bitches.

Three groups of five beagle bitches were treated three times a day with natural prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) at a dosage of either 20 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight (days 5-8 of metoestrus), 50 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight (days 5-11 of metoestrus) or 20 micrograms kg-1 bodyweight after detection of pregnancy (days 20-21 after ovulation) for 7 days. A dose of 20 micrograms PGF2 alpha kg-1 bodyweight administered during the early luteal stage could not induce a reliable decrease of progesterone concentrations, while injections of 50 micrograms PGF2 alpha kg-1 bodyweight beginning before implantation resulted in arrest of luteal progesterone production and prevention of nidation in all five bitches. The application of 20 micrograms PGF2 alpha kg-1 bodyweight shortly after implantation induced functional arrest of corpora lutea and led to embryonic or fetal resorption in all cases. In general, the luteolytic effect of low PGF2 alpha doses was insufficient because of the recovery of the corpora lutea seen in nearly all bitches and the prolonged process of embryonic or fetal resorption that increase the risk of uterine disease.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Color echo-Doppler and endometrial receptivity in in vitro fertilization].

The chances of nidation after in vitro fertilization procedures are contingent upon the development potential of the transferred embryo(s), but they also depend on the receptivity of the endometrium and on the uterine vascular supply. It is generally accepted that the chances of pregnancy are practically nil: if the endometrium is less than 8 mm thick, and/or if the uterine pulsatility index (PI) is below 3. However, the predictive value of the Doppler evaluation alone is poor to the extent that other parameters require consideration, such as the aspect of the endometrium and/or the number of embryos transferred. This is why our group initiated a prospective study on 213 patients designed to validate a 10 point scale based on: -the PI of each uterine artery on the day of transfer; -the features of the protodiastolic notch (absent, moderate or clearcut); -the thickness of the endometrium; -the number of embryos transferred. Each parameter by itself had a poor predictive value: optimal values of endometrium thickness and pulsatility index (PI) predicted a 29% and 33% pregnancy rate, which is hardly higher than our overall pregnancy rate (24%). By contrast, a score that encompasses all these parameters increased predictive value, with a score > 9 the probability of pregnancy reach 53% and the one of multiple pregnancy 24%. Our results emphasize the usefulness of a score prior embryo transfer which should be used to adjust the number of embryos transferred. When the score is higher than 10 transferring 2 embryos will prevent the risk of multiple pregnancy. 3 embryos should be transferred when the score is between 7 and 10, and a bad score (< or = 6) should delay the transfer.

Adult↗