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PubMedDate not supplied

Exchange of environmental health information between microcomputers.

Programs have been developed which permit the transfer of disk files (programs or data) from a TRS-80, Model-III microcomputer to a TRS-80, Model-I system via an RS-232-C serial interface. The programs allow researchers to effectively use both computers in the entry and processing of air pollution and epidemiological data, in addition to facilitating the exchange of programs, data, and word processor documents between users of the two machines. A detailed explanation is given of how the programs control the RS-232 hardware and use several of the file management routines in each computer's operating system to achieve successful information transfer.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microcomputer analysis of hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic steady-state kinetics.

A BASIC computer program has been developed which has been used to show that bovine lens aldose reductase with NADPH as substrate follows a 1:1 function, while rabbit lens hexokinase has a rate equation of minimum degree 2:2, and bovine lens polyol dehydrogenase has a rate equation of minimum degree 1:2 with xylitol as substrate. The parameter estimates obtained are very close to those from the BMDP3R curvefitting program on an ICL 2980 mainframe computer, with identical conclusions as to the minimum degree of the rate equation. The computer program can be run on any microcomputer with high resolution graphics in less than 48 K of random access memory.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1985

A practical, high-resolution, microcomputer-based method for the analysis of relaxation data exhibiting multicomponent exponential decays.

We have developed and tested a practical, rapid, high-resolution, microcomputer-based method for the analysis of multicomponent exponential decays. The analysis utilizes the Fourier deconvolution technique and includes methods to reduce noise both in the input data and in the results. The developed method is particularly well suited for analysing decays consisting of a wide range of decay times. The method resolves two exponential decays differing by a factor of two when the input data are mathematically generated and without noise, and resolves two decays differing by a factor of three when 2% Gaussian noise is present in the same data. The method lends itself to routine analysis of any relaxation process consisting of exponential decays, including biomedical applications such as enzyme kinetics, circulatory transport functions, pharmacokinetics, plasma exchange therapy, and analysis of compartmental models for any process.

Birefringence↗
PubMed1985

On-line four channel measurements of colonic myoelectrical activity in humans using a compact portable microcomputer (EPSON HX20).

This paper describes a rapid, inexpensive method for a quantitative analysis of colonic myoelectrical analysis using a simple low-cost portable, battery-powered microcomputer EPSON HX20, including a printer and microcassette units. The EMG signals from the right to the left colon were obtained using an intraluminal probe supporting 8 groups of electrodes, placed by endoscopy and connected to an 8-channel amplifiers. The EMG signals were continuously and successively amplified, filtered, rectified, integrated for the computerized analysis consisting of the recognition of the different kinds of spike bursts and their separate measurement during successive 30 min intervals over the entire (24-36 h) period of EMG recordings. For each channel, the printing program shows each 30 min interval, total duration and number of each kind of spike bursts. An histogram of the total values for 4 channels was printed at 12-h intervals and stored in the microcassette unit. This microcomputerized system was successfully used in 4 healthy volunteers during 36 h recording sessions performed to analyze the influence of feeding and sleep of colonic myoelectrical activity.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1988

Automatic sleep-wake scoring in the rat on microcomputer APPLE II.

An automatic scoring system in real time of sleep-wake behavior in the rat was elaborated on microcomputer APPLE II. Four electrophysiological recording channels were used to distinguish seven behavioral states. Because the rat shows behavioral stages which are short-lasting, the analysis is performed second by second. It is based on the detection of the signal energy in specific frequency bands. The percentage of time passed in each stage is computed every 15 min, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h, the analysis extending during several days without interruption. The data are also printed out in a listing in real time and histograms in batch mode. Because of the interindividual differences, a calibration is needed. It is performed with a program in batch mode which allows an adjustment of parameters of determination from given specific digitized sequence in each rat. The accuracy of the automatic method was tested by the C contingency test, the theoretical maximal level being at 0.93: the intra- and inter-researchers contingency was 0.89, that between researchers and the computer was 0.85.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A basic library of microcomputer programs to obtain immunologically relevant information from protein sequences.

A set of simple and interactive BASIC microcomputer programs which may be used to obtain immunologically relevant information from protein sequences is described. Program listings include the computation of structural dissimilarity between two protein sequences (STRUDIS), the predicted secondary structure (CHOUFAS), their expected degree of three-dimensional similarity by correlation of sequence hydrophobicities (HYDCOR) and the location of alpha-helical segments in the three-dimensional protein structure (HELOC). In addition, a general program is described for running mean calculations (RUNMEAN). All programs are listed in a BASIC version for Apple IIE.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HLA-based local donor/recipient matching in renal transplantation: a microcomputer program.

A microcomputer program was developed for selection of HLA matched recipients in renal transplantation. The program provides an easy way to handle donor/recipient matching within a transplant centre's waiting list. It is based on HLA-compatibilities instead of mismatches, and ranks the quality of a DR-match above a B-match and an A-match. To obtain an order of total match quality according to number and type of compatibilities a point count system was developed. The program selects all ABO-compatible recipients with the minimal HLA-match required from the waiting list and ranks them according to match quality.

Computers↗
PubMed1989

A 2-year assessment of a microcomputer based local-area network system for managing perinatal medical information.

Based on a 2-year experience using a perinatal information system and a microcomputer-based local area network (LAN), we assessed the LAN system to see how it provided positive feedback in daily perinatal practice. Discussed herein are the results pertaining to the compatibility between data on conventional patient's charts and that input into the computer system, along with a review of the data-base acquired, containing a large quantity of perinatal medical information.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1990

Image analysis of biological systems with microcomputers.

A microcomputer based system was developed to acquire and analyse images of biological specimens for the purpose of identification, classification and quantification. The system uses a video camera to capture images of biological samples either directly or through a microscope. The signal from the camera is digitized by an imaging board for subsequent processing through a PC-XT. From the processed image, simple features such as the cell enclosed area and the cell optical density were extracted for the purpose of cell identification or quantification. Two examples: (a) the quantification of DNA in blood cells and (b) the identification of hybridoma cells are given to illustrate the use of the system. The method is versatile and can easily be modified to adapt to other biological applications.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

A DYNAMO application of microcomputer-based simulation in health sciences teaching.

This paper presents a concrete application of microcomputer-based simulation in health sciences education. It shows a pharmacological system dynamics model representing graphics and numerical behaviour and relations between variables, which in addition allows interaction with students for experimentation. The work also illustrates a strategy for introducing this kind of model in the classroom, as well as the suitability of their implementation, in educational environments, using professional tools such as DYNAMO and DYNEX. Subsequent evaluation of the results and comments given by the students revealed more positive attitudes towards the discipline.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1985

A microcomputer controlled snow ski binding system--II. Release decision theories.

A hierarchy of release decision theories for both tibia fracture and knee ligamentous injury are defined and simulated on a computer. Moment loading data, recorded during actual skiing by the microcomputer-based ski binding system described in Part I, are processed by the various release decision theories. At the bottom of the hierarchy is the simplest theory which treats boot loading as quasi-static and compares moment components to threshold levels. Another stage of the hierarchy defines an analytic expression for a combined loading failure locus. Note that this is the first formulation of a combined loading release decision theory. Yet another stage of the hierarchy computes bone moments via dynamic system leg models. The various release decision theories are evaluated by comparing processed results to both pain and bone failure limits. For the data generated by the field tests conducted to date, the simplest release decision theory satisfied the retention requirement for pain limits in the presence of muscle activity for both torsion and forward bending. For pain limits in the absence of muscle activity the retention requirement was not satisfied however. Another result is that leg dynamics are significant. A final result is that combined loading considerations lead to a more conservative theory.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1982

Display and analysis of cell size distributions with a Coulter Counter interfaced to an Apple II microcomputer.

A model ZBI Coulter Counter was interfaced to an Apple II microcomputer via analog and digital interfaces. It was possible to obtain a graphic display of cell size versus channel number (1000 channels), integration of selected channels, plots, listings, and storage of the data on floppy disk, using a convenient menu selection enabling operators unfamiliar with computer technology to master the system quickly. Examples are presented of calibration of the Coulter Counter and its use for rapid and precise analysis of E rosettes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Microcomputer-aided removable partial denture design: the next evolution.

A microcomputer-based program for the design of removable partial dentures has applications in dental education and the clinical practice of dentistry. The program requires a Macintosh computer with a minimum configuration of one megabyte of random access memory and a hard disk drive with a HyperCard program. The instructional design uses an interactive, branching user interface to conduct a search of removable partial design data. The screen design is based on a dental laboratory work authorization, with graphic representations of partially edentulous dental arches and textual information that can be browsed in a nonlinear manner by the user. Approximately 160 removable partial denture designs are provided in the program, as well as the ability to modify the drawings and text to reflect various other clinical situations and to print the work authorization for submission to the dental laboratory.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1989

Microcomputer-aided removable partial denture design.

A microcomputer-based program for the design of removable partial dentures is described that has an interactive user interface to conduct a heuristic search of removable partial denture design data and produces computer-generated design graphics. The program is useful educationally and clinically.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Strengths and weaknesses of direct patient interviewing by a microcomputer system in specialist gynaecological practice.

An inexpensive microcomputer system has been used to obtain histories in the gynaecological clinic. Initially, this system was applied to infertility/endocrine patients, but the programs were subsequently expanded to deal with a wide range of presenting symptoms. Questions are displayed on a visual display unit and the patient enters her answers on a simplified keypad. A formatted summary is provided by an interfaced printer. Cross-over comparison with manual histories showed that the computer produces an accurate and exhaustive record containing many additional items. This improvement was most marked for the infertility/endocrine system, where the computer provided 2.9-times as much information as a clinician. In the case of the general gynaecological history the computer obtained 1.6-times as much information. Both systems showed a high degree of consumer acceptance. This was more marked in the case of the specialist application: 77.5% of infertility/endocrine patients felt that the questionnaire had adequately covered their problem, compared to 44.5% of general gynaecological patients. Over-reporting of apparently trivial symptoms was more marked in the general system. Thus, we conclude that direct patient-interviewing systems can be recommended for relatively complex specialist applications, such as infertility/endocrinology. They may be less suitable for general applications such as gynaecology as a whole.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Microcomputer use in an oral biopsy service.

The need for rapid and accurate retrieval of the data generated by an oral biopsy service and the adjacent medical center was met with the purchase and programming of a microcomputer and hard disk drive. The planning phase involved an assessment of the needs of the department, creation of an ideal form to be displayed on the video screen that can be easily used to enter the information, selection of coding systems, and selection of compatible hardware and software. Customized in-house programming using a commercially available database management system has created an entry form and menu-driven information retrieval system tailored to the needs of the department.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1983

A microcomputer technique for the detailed analysis of animal behaviour.

Movements and postures of animals may be described quantitatively and as such represent measures that may be used to, for example, detect drug-induced alterations in behaviour. However, because of the time-investment needed to generate such data, quantitative assessment of animal behaviour remains a major problem in psychopharmacology. The present communication outlines a microcomputer based method for obtaining frequency, real-time duration and latency measures from a large number of behavioural elements. When used in conjunction with a videotape recorder, this system enables one experimenter to obtain data from situations involving several interacting animals, thus representing an aid to increased data-logging efficiency using only equipment that is commonly found in many psychopharmacology laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A microcomputer-based data acquisition system for continuous recording of feeding and drinking by rats.

A monitoring system to continuously record the daily pattern of drinking and eating of rats is described. This system, based on a North Star microcomputer, can record the amount of food ingested with a temporal resolution of +/- 1.0 second and quantitative accuracy within +/- 5%. Drinking behavior is detected using a drinkometer which also has a temporal resolution of +/- 1.0 second. Data are analyzed by computer to determine absolute amounts of consumption and patterns of intake. The patterns of feeding and drinking recorded by this system are similar to those observed using other monitoring devices.

Animals↗