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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Phase I clinical trial of two contraceptive preparations. Norethisterone enanthate (NEN) and norethisterone acetate (NET).

A Phase I Clinical Trial was conducted in 20 fertile Cuban women using for contraception: Norethisterone Enanthate injectable (NEN) and Norethisterone Acetate minipill (NET). Women had daily blood sampling during a control cycle and during the second month of treatment with either drug. Discontinuation rate was very low (1/20). The preovulatory LH and FSH peaks were abolished in all treated women, basal levels remaining unchanged. The incidence of menstrual disorders as amenorrhea, spotting and inter-menstrual bleeding was greater in subjects using NEN than in those on NET. No pregnancy was reported. Blood pressure was unaltered. Renal, hepatic and thyroid function were unchanged. Cholesterol levels were unchanged and triglycerides significantly decreased with both preparations. Women on either NEN or NET underwent OGTT before and after 2 months treatment. In NEN group glycemia was unchanged but insulin levels increased significantly at 120 minutes. In NET group glycemia and insulin levels were significantly increased at all times during post-treatment OGTT. Both forms of Norethisterone were well accepted by this group of women despite menstrual irregularities. Significant changes were found in the group using NET with regard to carbohydrate metabolism.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1989

[Acute myocardial infarct in a 14-year-old girl treated with contraceptives. Coronary arteriography and immediate thrombolytic therapy].

A 14 year old girl on oral contraceptive treatment for menstrual disorders, was admitted with an acute anterior myocardial infarction and underwent immediate coronary arteriography and intracoronary thrombolysis (urokinase 350,000 units) within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms. A segmental occlusion of the left anterior descending artery with no evidence of coronary atherosclerosis elsewhere was shown. A successful re-canalization was documented after fibrinolytic therapy. The present is the first reported case, in a patient of this age, with an angiographic demonstration during the acute phase of the thromboembolic pathogenesis of myocardial infarction in contraceptive users. The potential benefit of early thrombolytic treatment in this rare clinical setting is thus suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Elective hysterectomy. Benefits, risks, and costs.

This study evaluated the effect of hysterectomy or hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (hysterectomy and oophorectomy) versus alternative medical management on life expectancy, quality of life, and direct medical costs. Using techniques of decision analysis and available data on sequelae, it was found that gains in life expectancy and quality of life can be expected when women ages 30-60 undergo hysterectomy for benign neoplasm, disorders of menstruation, acquired abnormal anatomy, cervical disease, or endometriosis, owing primarily to prevention of reproductive tract cancers, which outweighs the impact of operative mortality. However, women who have relatively high operative risk or low expected cancer risks, beyond thresholds estimated in sensitivity analyses, suffer losses in life expectancy. Women younger than 35 not treated with replacement estrogens following hysterectomy and oophorectomy can expect net losses in life expectancy with surgical intervention due to increased risks of heart disease and osteoporosis. For women in the reproductive years who wish to preserve their potential to bear children, sterilization may be an unacceptable consequence of elective hysterectomy in the quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prevalence of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in a college population.

Menstrual disorders in college students have been reported as higher than in the general population. Several reasons, among them calorie-restricted diets, strenuous exercise, and college-related stress, have been attributed to this increased prevalence. During the period November, 1979, to January, 1980, 991 of 1,420 college students completed questionnaires which inquired about their menstrual history. The prevalence of oligomenorrhea in this group was 11.3% and that of amenorrhea was 2.6%. Significant factors associated with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in this group were weight loss (greater than 20 pounds) and jogging. In most women with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, menstrual irregularity was present prior to college entry. With the use of self-administered questionnaires, we could not identify any specific college stress to account for the presence of menstrual abnormalities in a college population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported symptoms of gynecological morbidity and their treatment in south India.

This article presents an analysis of self-reported symptoms of gynecological problems among 3,600 recent mothers in Karnataka State, India. Approximately one-third of all women reported at least one current symptom; the most common were a feeling of weakness and tiredness (suggestive of anemia); menstrual disorders; white or colored vaginal discharge (suggestive of lower reproductive tract infection); and lower abdominal pain and discharge with fever (suggestive of acute pelvic inflammatory disease). Obstetric morbidity, associated with the last live birth, was strongly predictive of current gynecological symptoms. Women who delivered their last child in a private institution were significantly less likely to report symptoms than were those who delivered at home or in a government hospital. Nonusers or users of reversible contraceptive methods were also less likely to report symptoms of morbid conditions than were sterilized women. These associations persisted in analyses controlling for potentially confounding economic and demographic characteristics, and have far-reaching policy implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Amenorrhoea following oral contraception. Pathophysiological problems (author's transl)].

In women with previously normal menstrual cycles the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian function returns to normal within one month after anovulatory steroids are discontinued, and although the follicular phase is prolonged, the ovulation mechanisms are restored within 3 to 4 weeks. Oral contraception by itself does not produce amenorrhoea, but it may mask possible disorders in the gonadotropic axis. Thus, in many cases post-contraceptive amenorrhoea indicates previous dysfunction of the anterior pituitary, which appears to involve lack of oestradiol positive feed-back and, to a greater extent, excessive negative feed-back. Following oestradiol administration, gonadotropic inhibition is abnormally prolonged beyond the 15th day. Cyclic activity is usually restored by clomiphene citrate. Post-contraceptive amenorrhoea is sometimes accompanied by galactorrhoea. Oestrogens facilitate prolactin secretion by producing hypertrophy and hyperplasia of pituitary prolactin-producing cells, but progestogens probably have an inhibitory effect on these cells, so that prolactin plasma levels are normal or slightly raised during treatment with anovulatory steroids. A pituitary microadenoma should be suspected in the presence of high prolactin levels, and oestrogenic treatments should be stopped. In all cases of amenorrhoea, whether or not they occur after oral contraception, the same etiological investigations should be carried out.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1976

[The frequency and causes of spontaneous abortion following artifitial insemination (author's transl)].

This paper is concerned with the causes of spontaneous abortion in a sample of 200 pregnancies induced by artificial insemination. In particular it examines the importance of the following factors: existing disorders in the woman's menstrual cycle, the influence of hormone treatment during the conception cycle, the age of the woman treated, and the type of semen used. Of the 200 pregnancies in our treatment sample 27 terminated in abortions (13.5%). Clinical examination before treatment established the presence of menstrual disorders in 69 of 180 women to be treated: 23.9% exhibited corpus luteum deficiency, 12% anovular cycles, and 2% oligomenorrhea. On the basis of this preliminary examination the principal cause of abortion proved to be an existing corpus luteum deficiency, since 15 of the 27 abortions occurred in women with this type of menstrual disorder. Our observations show that it is important when performing artificial insemination to correct the patient's existing menstrual disorders by means of hormone treatment. This emerges from the following figures: In 26 cases without hormone treatment the incidence of abortion was 35%. In 174 cases that received hormone treatment during the successful cycle only 18 abortions occurred (an incidence of 10.3%). Breaking down hormone treatment into 6 basic types, we get incidences of abortion ranging from 0 to 25% in the different groups. Dividing the treatment sample into age groups reveals an 11 to 14% incidence of abortion in the 30 to 34 age group; in the 35 to 40 group age group the incidence doubles to 26%. Whereas existing menstrual disorders and adequate hormone treatment significantly influence the incidence of abortion, there is no close relationship between incidence of abortion and the type of semen used. The innocuousness of using deep-frozen semen with an admixture of glycerine has been shown by various authors reporting on laboratory and clinical investigations. For 117 pregnancies induced purely with deep-frozen semen we had an incidence of abortion of 13.7%. This figure is of the same order as the incidence of abortion in pregnancies induced by insemination with fresh semen. The results obtained permit one to conclude that incidence of abortion is not significantly dependent on the type of semen used. Our work demonstrates the importance of assessing the patient's genital constitution from both the functional and the organic points of view, not merely in order to achieve conception but also for the purposes of preventing abortion by means of the appropriate hormone treatment. If satisfactory therapeutic results are to be achieved candidates for artificial insemination must therefore be given a thorough diagnostic examination beforehand and, if necessary, adequate hormone treatment during the insemination cycle.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

Abnormal cortisol secretion and responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is a common disorder associated with hypoestrogenemia and has adverse effects. The mechanism of GnRH deficiency in these women is not yet known. To investigate the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in HA, we studied 10 women [mean age, 29 +/- 7 (+/- SD) yr] with 0.5-13 yr of amenorrhea (mean, 4.3 +/- 3.7 yr) related to simple weight loss or psychological stress. We investigated cortisol and ACTH responses to a bolus of ovine CRH, 24-h plasma cortisol levels obtained every 10 min, and urinary free cortisol levels in these patients. Results were compared with those obtained in normal women during all phases of the menstrual cycle. We found that mean basal concentrations of cortisol were significantly higher (P = 0.03) in the HA patients (mean, 210 +/- 130 nmol/L) than in the normal women (100 +/- 30 nmol/L). The delta (peak - basal) cortisol was significantly lower (P = 0.004) in the HA patients than in the normal women (320 +/- 100 vs. 440 +/- 90 nmol/L, respectively). ACTH responses to CRH did not differ between HA patients and normal women. The 24-h mean cortisol was significantly higher (P = 0.006) in the HA patients than in the normal controls (280 +/- 50 and 220 +/- 50 nmol/L, respectively), due to higher cortisol levels at night. The urinary free cortisol level was significantly higher (P = 0.005) in the HA patients (230 +/- 70 nmol/day) than in normal women (150 +/- 40 nmol/day). We conclude that women with HA have a blunted cortisol response to CRH administration. In addition, they have hypercortisolism, as demonstrated by elevated 24-h mean serum cortisol levels and urinary free cortisol values. This hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in patients with stress or weight loss may be a mechanism in the development of amenorrhea and may relate to other potential adverse effects of HA.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1978

Contraception.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and hormonal response of patients with galactorrhea syndrome treated with bromergocryptine.

Tne patients with galactorrhea syndrome were treated with two different daily dosages (5 mg and 7.5 mg) of Bromergocryptine. The 5 mg daily dosage often did not produce the desired hormonal and clinical response. Five patients were treated with this regimen for 38 to 90 days, with treatment extending over more than one menstrual cycle. However, the 7.5 mg daily dosage resulted in complete cessation of galactorrhea in all patients, restoration of menstrual cycles in five patients, and pregnancies in four patients. Disappearance of lactation proved to be a very good indicator of the general responsiveness of patients. Nausea, vomiting, and occasional dizziness were side effects of the drug. The case histories and hormonal findings of four typical patients are reported.

Bromocriptine↗