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PubMed2003

Sexual behavior patterns and HIV risks in bisexual men compared to exclusively heterosexual and homosexual men.

OBJECTIVE: To compare patterns of sexual behavior among bisexual, heterosexual and homosexual men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A household probability survey was carried out in Mexico City in 1992-1993 using the national health surveys sampling frame. Information from 8,068 men was obtained; however, the main analysis of this paper refers only to men sexually active in the previous 5 years. RESULTS: Bisexuals reported more prevalent anal intercourse with women (16% vs. 3%, p = 0.01), and more sexual encounters with female sex workers than exclusive heterosexuals (10% vs. 4%; p = 0.04). Bisexuals used condoms more often with sex workers than did heterosexuals (p = 0.01). Most of the bisexuals (79%) did not engage in anal receptive or insertive intercourse with males in the previous year, practicing instead oral insertive sex or only masturbation; 35% of homosexuals did not report practicing anal sex. Bisexuals who engaged in anal intercourse had less anal receptive behavior than homosexuals (13% vs. 60%, p < 0.01); of these, due to condom use, only 7% of bisexuals and 18% of homosexuals had unprotected anal receptive sex in the last intercourse with a male. CONCLUSIONS: Bisexuals practice less risky sexual behavior with males than exclusive homosexuals. This finding may imply that bisexual men in Mexico are an ineffective epidemiological bridge for HIV transmission. The English version of this paper is available too at:http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Serum inhibin levels in normal men and men with testicular disorders.

Serum concentrations of inhibin, FSH and LH were measured in 39 normal men and 127 men with testicular disorders resulting in infertility. The infertile men were divided into groups on the basis of their mean sperm count, FSH levels and karyotype. The mean (+/- S.D) serum concentrations of inhibin in the normal men was 554 +/- 156 U/l and did not differ significantly from those groups with oligospermia, azoospermia or Klinefelter's syndrome. Combined analyses of all groups did not reveal any significant correlation between serum concentrations of inhibin and FSH or with any other parameter measured. Serum concentrations of FSH and LH were positively correlated, and Leydig cell dysfunction, as evidenced by increased serum LH levels, low testosterone levels or a declining testosterone/LH ratio were found with severe spermatogenic damage. The failure of serum concentrations of inhibin to correlate with those of FSH levels or the degree of testicular damage raise questions as to the clinical value of this parameter alone.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Crystal methamphetamine use predicts incident STD infection among men who have sex with men recruited online: a nested case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Among men who have sex with men (MSM), the number of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has increased by approximately 60% since 1999. Factors that may be contributing to this resurgence include a widely reported increase in bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM, as well as unsafe sexual practices. OBJECTIVE: This research was undertaken to learn more about risk behaviors associated with an incident STD among MSM. METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted, using data from a cross-sectional Internet survey of MSM (N=2643), which investigated risk behaviors during a 6-month period in 2001. Chi-square and logistic regression methods were used to estimate the likelihood of acquiring an incident STD versus no STD. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of the respondents were white, 46% were under age 30, and 80% had met sex partners online; 7% were HIV-positive. Men with an incident STD were more likely than men without an STD to report drug use (crystal methamphetamine odds ratio 3.8; 95% confidence interval 2.1-6.7; cocaine OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2-4.2; ecstasy OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.8; Viagra OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.7), alcohol before or during sex (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2-2.9), and high-risk sexual behavior (unprotected anal intercourse OR 5.0; 95% CI 2.8-8.9; multiple sex partners OR 5.9; 95% CI 2.5-13.8). In the multivariate analysis, significant independent predictors associated with an incident STD were crystal methamphetamine use (adjusted OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1-3.8), unprotected anal intercourse (adjusted OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.9-6.3), and 6 or more sex partners during the study period (adjusted OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.4-7.8). CONCLUSION: Identifying and treating MSM who have STDs, or who are at increased risk for acquiring STDs, is crucial in preventing the further spread of disease. In addition, there is a need to integrate HIV/STD and substance use prevention and education into Web-based and community-based venues.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Glycolytic activity of human spermatozoa in normospermic men and in men with abnormal spermograms.

The glycolytic activity of human spermatozoa was studied in samples from supposed fertile and infertile subjects. The quantity of L-lactate produced during the first hour of incubation in an enriched medium was measured. There was no difference between the oligozoospermic subjects and the volunteer donors constituting the control group. Lactate production was considerably decreased in men consulting for sterility but with a normal sperm examination, as well as in asthenozoospermic men. In oligoasthenozoospermic men abnormally high quantities of lactate were present in samples from certain individuals or it was unexpected, reflecting extensive metabolic disturbances. Positive correlations were noted between motility and glycolysis only in the controls. A negative correlation was noted between the concentration of spermatozoa and their metabolic activity, especially evident in oligoasthenozoospermic men.

Glycolysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Men who have sex with men and transgenders in Mumbai, India: an emerging risk group for STIs and HIV.

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men and transgenders are an important risk group for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They have risky sexual behaviors but low risk perception. OBJECTIVES: To assess the sexual behavior, STIs, HIV and identify factors associated with HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgenders (TGs) in Mumbai. METHODS: Participants were enrolled from two clinics in Mumbai. They completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and were evaluated for STIs and HIV infection. RESULTS: A total of 150 participants, 122 MSM and 28 TGs were evaluated; 17% of MSM and 68% of the TGs were HIV infected. HIV infection in MSM was associated with serological positivity for HSV2 IgG [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.0 (2.2-36.9)], a positive Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) [aOR (95% CI): 6.0 (1.5-24.0)], greater than five acts of receptive anal sex in the past six months [aOR (95% CI): 4.3 (1.2-15.0)] and per category increase in age (18-24 yrs, 25-29 yrs, > 30 yrs) [aOR (95% CI): 3.1 (1.3-7.1)] in multivariate analysis. Consistent condom use during receptive anal sex in the past six months was low (27%). Many MSM were married (22%) or had sex with females and may act as a 'bridge population'. HIV infection in TGs was associated with a positive TPHA [OR (95% CI): 9.8 (1.5-63.9)] and HSV 2 IgG [OR (95% CI): 6.7 (1.1-40.4)] in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Prior STIs were strongly associated with HIV infection in MSM and TGs. These groups should be the focus of intensive intervention programs aimed at STI screening and treatment, reduction of risky sexual behavior and promotion of HIV counseling and testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Implications for HIV/AIDS of laws affecting men who have sex with men in Romania. ACCEPT (The Bucharest Acceptance Group).

In this article, the authors discuss the predicament, in Romanian society, of one group that is especially vulnerable to HIV infection and AIDS: men who have sex with men. Such men are driven to secrecy, and discouraged from disclosing themselves even to obtain the help and information they need, because Romanian law prohibits homosexual overtures, denies legal recognition to gay and lesbian organisations, often imposes strong disincentives in the way of those seeking diagnostic tests for HIV or for venereal disease, and still penalizes same sex relations themselves in many circumstances. Social and administrative circumstances in Romania have also aggravated such men's vulnerability. Drawing especially on the United Nations' International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights, the authors offer several recommendations for reform.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed2000

Age-related risk for HIV infection in men who have sex with men: examination of behavioral, relationship, and serostatus variables.

The study examined behavioral, relationship, and serostatus variables that potentially contribute to HIV infection risk in three age groups of men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM recruited in West Hollywood, California self-administered a questionnaire measuring unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) and unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) with primary and nonprimary partners. The following relationship/serostatus variables were also assessed: recency of HIV testing, knowledge of own HIV serostatus, perception of partner's serostatus, seroconcordance (self and partner seronegative), and self-reported monogamy status. The prevalence of UIAI and URAI was higher with primary than nonprimary partners. These sexual risk behaviors with primary partners were substantially more prevalent among men younger than 25 years of age than among men aged 25 to 30 or over age 30. UIAI and URAI with nonprimary partners were uncommon in each age group, and there were no significant age differences on the serostatus and relationship variables. The findings suggest that young MSM may be at elevated risk for contracting HIV by virtue of their sexual risk behavior with primary partners. Targeted interventions for MSM need to address sexual risk in the context of primary relationships.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2000

Differences in reproductive endocrinology between Asian men and Caucasian men--a literature review.

This review provides an overview of the literature on aspects of reproductive endocrinology wherein Asian men may differ from Caucasian, notably, prostatic neoplasm and the sensivity to pharmacological regimens of male contraception. Both genetic and environmental factors, such as nutrition, might be relevant. Asian men residing in Asia seem to be relatively protected from clinical prostatic neoplasm while the prevalence of preclinical prostatic neoplasm is not different. Migration to an area with a higher prevalence reduces this difference but does not undo it. With regard to prostatic neoplasm the following factors have been considered as relevant in Asian men: 1) a reduction in 5 alpha-reductase level, 2) decreased levels of androgenic ketosteroid precursors of 5 alpha-reduced androgen metabolites, 3) the decreased presence of a P53 mutation, 4) a higher CAG-repeat length of the androgen receptor, 5) a possible higher level of physical activity, 6) differences in sexual activity. Furthermore, Asian men respond to a higher degree with azoospermia in response to contraceptive steroids. Possible explanations offered for the more pronounced response to contraceptive steroids are: 1) differences in testicular structure and decreased spermatogenic potential, 2) an earlier and more marked suppression in LH secretion by exogenous androgens. The differences may be due to genetical and/or environmental factors influencing the peripheral testosterone metabolism. Dietary factors such as the higher intake of phytoestrogens in Asians might exert effects on 5 alpha-reductase activity and/or on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, thus having an impact on the biological efficacy of circulating androgens.

Asian People↗
PubMed2001

HIV incidence among young men who have sex with men--seven U.S. cities, 1994-2000.

Twenty years after the first report on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States, studies of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and sexual behaviors suggest a resurgent HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, few recent studies have measured HIV incidence in this population. To determine HIV incidence among young MSM, CDC analyzed data from the Young Men's Survey (YMS), a study that found a high prevalence of HIV and associated risks among MSM aged 15-22 years sampled in seven U.S. cities. This report confirms high HIV incidence among these young men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Determinants of HIV and AIDS among young African-American men who have sex with men: a public health perspective.

This study was an examination of community, age, race and ethnicity. Individual behavior and health promotion was critically examined within the context of (HIV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) among young African-American men who have sex with men. Examples from the literature provided empirical illustrations of how these concepts have been defined conceptually and measured with respect to HIV/AIDS; particularly among this population from a public health perspective. Additionally, a conceptual model depicting the interplay of these concepts was reviewed and is provided and discussed to shed further light on the conceptual link between these concepts and healthy behaviors among sexually active African-American young men who have sex with men. The concepts are discussed in an integrative format throughout the paper within the backdrop of the proposed model for understanding the wave of HIV/AIDS within this subculture from a public health nursing perspective.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies concerning the significance of orthogonal ECG changes with age in normal men and in arterial hypertension without congestive cardiac failure in men past forty.

Great ECG changes (Frank system) with age were found in normal men. ECG diagnostic criteria valid in Romania were studied by multivariate analyses in men aged 40--60 suffering from hypertension (Hyp) without cardiac congestive failure (CCF), out of which one group with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and another one without it. Echocardiographic studies in normal and hypertensive men past forty, as well as studies in experimental Hyp with LVH and without CCF were carried out. Heart X-ray evaluation is not a functional one. Some non-invasive methods in men do not determine an accurate evaluation of LV performance. The increase of LV muscular mass alone cannot explain the ECG changes in LVH in Hyp without CCF. Two conditional adaptive mechanisms: the liberation of catecholamines from the myocardium storage, induced by the pressure overload stress, and the increase of intracellular Ca++ influx could contribute to the respective ECG changes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men--five U.S. cities, June 2004-April 2005.

Well into the third decade of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, rates of HIV infection remain high, especially among minority populations. Of newly diagnosed HIV infections in the United States during 2003, CDC estimated that approximately 63% were among men who were infected through sexual contact with other men, 50% were among blacks, 32% were among whites, and 16% were among Hispanics. Studies of HIV infection among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in the mid to late 1990s revealed high rates of HIV prevalence, incidence, and unrecognized infection, particularly among young black MSM. To reassess those findings and previous HIV testing behaviors among MSM, CDC analyzed data from five of 17 cities participating in the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system. This report summarizes preliminary findings from the HIV-testing component of NHBS, which indicated that, of MSM surveyed, 25% were infected with HIV, and 48% of those infected were unaware of their infection. To decrease HIV transmission, MSM should be encouraged to receive an HIV test at least annually, and prevention programs should improve means of reaching persons unaware of their HIV status, especially those in populations disproportionately at risk.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2005

Trends in sexual risk-taking among urban young men who have sex with men, 1999-2002.

As part of an HIV prevention study, 15-25 year-old young men who have sex with men (YMSM) were surveyed in community settings annually from 1999 to 2002. Data are presented from six comparison communities in the study; these communities recruited Latinos (Jackson Heights, NYC; San Gabriel Valley, CA), African Americans (Atlanta, GA); Asians/Pacific Islanders (San Diego, CA); and primarily white men (Detroit, MI and Twin Cities, MN). Men were asked about unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the past three months with male partners. The prevalence of UAI reported in these six communities ranged 27-35% in 1999, compared with 14% to 39% in 2002. Significant reductions in UAI over time were observed in Jackson Heights and San Gabriel Valley. A quadratic trend was noted in Detroit, with a significant increase in UAI from 1999 to 2000 followed by a significant decrease in UAI from 2000 to 2002. There was a nonsignificant increase in UAI in the Twin Cities, and no significant trends in UAI in Atlanta or San Diego. Behavioral trends among YMSM vary considerably across subpopulations and highlight the necessity of local behavioral surveillance and culturally tailored prevention efforts for specific racial and ethnic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Triglycerides, a major coronary risk factor in elderly men. A study of men born in 1913.

We examined two 'cohorts' of elderly men, 60 and 67 years old. The two 'cohorts' overlapped to a large extent in terms of numbers but not in the follow-up periods. The mean have been followed-up for 7 and 8 years respectively. Among the 748 60-year-old men without prior myocardial infarction the 7-year incidence of coronary heart disease was 8%. The incidence was related to blood pressure, smoking habits and serum triglycerides (but not serum cholesterol) both in univariate and multivariate analyses. The incidence of coronary heart disease increased 5-fold from the lowest to the highest quintile of triglycerides. Among the 595 67-year-old men without prior myocardial infarction the 8-year incidence of coronary heart disease was 11%. Both serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significant risk factors in univariate analyses but only triglycerides in multivariate analyses. The incidence of coronary heart disease increased almost three-fold from the lowest to the highest quintile of triglycerides. Increased serum triglycerides is a major coronary risk factor in elderly men.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Risk factors and survival prognosis in men younger than 40 years and men older than 60 years with myocardial infarction. (Retrospective clinico-epidemiological study).

In a clinico-epidemiological retrospective study there were examined 300 men younger than 40 years and 300 men older than 60 years with clinically or histologically diagnosed myocardial infarction (by WHO criteria). The study has confirmed that clinically unequivocal myocardial infarction in men younger than 40 years is significantly frequently connected with the presence of the following main risk factors: 1. Myocardial infarction or sudden death in next-of-kin aged less than 60 years.--2. Excessive cigarette smoking (greater than 20 cigarettes daily).--3. Hypercholesterolaemia (greater than 260 mg/100 ml, hypertriglyceridaemia (greater than 200 mg/100 ml), and hyperuricaemia (greater than 7 mg/100 ml). The time elapsed between the manifestation of the coronary accident and calling for medical aid was longer in the group of men older than 60 years. After 5 years the proportion of surviving patients was significantly higher in the younger group.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Update: trends in AIDS among men who have sex with men--United States, 1989-1994.

During 1994, local, state, and territorial health departments reported to CDC 34,974 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among men whose only reported HIV exposure was sexual contact with other men. Although previous reports indicated progressively smaller annual increases in cases of AIDS among men who have sex with men (MSM) (1), male-to-male sexual contact continues to represent the most frequently reported mode of HIV transmission among persons with AIDS. This report summarizes trends during January 1989-June 1994 in the occurrence of AIDS among MSM aged > or = 13 years.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Postural sway patterns of normal men and women and men with mental retardation during a two-legged stance test.

Previous research has shown that in healthy subjects during a quiet two-legged stance, sagittal postural sway is greater than lateral postural sway with a ratio approximating 1.5. The purpose of this study was to examine the postural sway profiles of healthy men and women, and men with mental retardation (MR). Subjects consisted of 22 men (M), 22 women (W) and 22 men with MR. Postural sway characteristics were examined using a Kistler force platform. Each subject performed six trials, three with vision and three with vision occluded. Each trial was 15sec in duration, and the subject was instructed to stand motionless on the force platform. A custom-designed computer program sampled the lateral and sagittal sway characteristics for each trial, at a sample rate of 50Hz. Results indicated that the MR group exhibited significantly more lateral sway than the other two groups, and that the sagittal/lateral sway ratio was significantly lower in this group. Moreover, the MR group showed a greater amount of sway in the no-vision condition than either the M or W groups. Using the sagittal/lateral sway ratio, discriminant analyses indicated that group membership could be predicted in 75% to 82% of the cases in the vision condition, and 64% to 73% of the cases in the no-vision condition. It is concluded that the sagittal/lateral sway ratio provides a valid and objective assessment measure to determine the postural control/balance capacities of persons with MR. In addition, it is hypothesized that this ratio may prove useful in quantifying the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention programs on balance performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Myocardial infarction--threats and medical care. Longitudinal observations in a population of 280,000 women and men--Project POL-MONICA Krakow. II. Risk factors and mortality due to ischemic heart disease in men ages 35-64].

The objective of paper was to assess to which extent hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and smoking are related to the risk of dying due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and to which extent changes in IHD risk factors could explain changes in IHD mortality in Polish men. The study was done in population of men at age 35-64 years, inhabitants of one Polish province (Tarnobrzeg Voivodship), which was subjected to POL-MONICA Kraków Project. The risk of IHD death and predicted changes in IHD mortality were assessed by logistic regression model using the risk factors measurements obtained at 3 screening surveys of independent random samples of studied population. Surveys were carried out in 1983-84, 1987-88 i 1992-93 and 2502 men were examined in total. 97% were followed for 12 years and 69 died of IHD. Higher risk of IHD death was found in men who had hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and who were smokers. Odds ratio adjusted to age and other risk factors was 1.87 for hypercholesterolemia, 2.38 for hypertension and 1.73 for smoking. There was no significant relation between obesity and risk of IHD death. In the studied population there was an increase in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and decrease in the prevalence of hypertension. There was no significant changes in the prevalance of obesity and smoking. Compared to 1983-84, predicted increase in IHD mortality calculated from changes in risk factors was 7.7% in 1987-88 and 0.2% in 1992-93. Predicted changes were smaller than observed, which were 40.1% and 39.3% increase respectively. In conclusion, despite of confirmed strong relationship between risk factors studied and risk of IHD death, combined effect of spontaneous changes in the risk factors was to small to explain observed changes in IHD mortality in the studied population.

Adult↗