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Results for “Medical Informatics Applications”

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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Applying hybrid algorithms for text matching to automated biomedical vocabulary mapping.

Several biomedical vocabularies are often used by clinical applications due to their different domain(s) of coverage, intended use, etc. Mapping them to a reference terminology is essential for inter-systems interoperability. Manual vocabulary mapping is labor-intensive and allows room for inconsistencies. It requires manual searching for synonyms, abbreviation expansions, variations, etc., placing additional burden on the mappers. Furthermore, local vocabularies may use non-standard words and abbreviations, posing additional problems. However, much of this process can be automated to provide decision-support, allowing mappers to focus on steps that absolutely need their expertise. We developed hybrid algorithms comprising of rules, permutations, sequence alignment and cost algorithms that utilize the UMLS SPECIALIST Lexicon, a custom knowledgebase and a search engine to automatically find probable matches, allowing mappers to select the best match from this list. We discuss the techniques, results from assisting to map a local codeset, and scope for generalizability.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Global information infrastructure.

The High Performance Computing and Communications Program (HPCC) is a multiagency federal initiative under the leadership of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, established by the High Performance Computing Act of 1991. It has been assigned a critical role in supporting the international collaboration essential to science and to health care. Goals of the HPCC are to extend USA leadership in high performance computing and networking technologies; to improve technology transfer for economic competitiveness, education, and national security; and to provide a key part of the foundation for the National Information Infrastructure. The first component of the National Institutes of Health to participate in the HPCC, the National Library of Medicine (NLM), recently issued a solicitation for proposals to address a range of issues, from privacy to 'testbed' networks, 'virtual reality,' and more. These efforts will build upon the NLM's extensive outreach program and other initiatives, including the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), MEDLARS, and Grateful Med. New Internet search tools are emerging, such as Gopher and 'Knowbots'. Medicine will succeed in developing future intelligent agents to assist in utilizing computer networks. Our ability to serve patients is so often restricted by lack of information and knowledge at the time and place of medical decision-making. The new technologies, properly employed, will also greatly enhance our ability to serve the patient.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Informatics in radiology (infoRAD): portable toolkit for providing straightforward access to medical image data.

Computer-aided analysis of medical images usually involves the development of custom software applications that interpret, process, and ultimately display medical image data. The interpretation stage involves decoding the image data and presenting them to the application developer for further processing. A toolkit has been created specifically for interpreting medical image data; it thus acts as a platform for development of medical imaging applications. The toolkit, which is referred to as NeatMed, is intended to reduce development time by eliminating the need for the application developer to deal directly with medical image data. NeatMed was implemented by using Java, a programming language with a range of attractive features including ease of use, extensive support material, and portability. NeatMed was developed specifically for use in a research environment. Straightforward to use and well documented, it is intended as an alternative to commercially available medical imaging toolkits. NeatMed currently provides support for the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine and Analyze medical image file formats. Support material including sample source code is available via the Internet; links to related resources are also provided. Most important, NeatMed is freely available and its continuing development is motivated by requests and suggestions from end users.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1991

Preparing doctors for tomorrow: information management as a theme in undergraduate medical education.

The evolving nature of medical knowledge and technology requires that the practitioners of tomorrow be able to develop practice management and computer skills in order to enhance quality patient care, ongoing education, and research. The paper describes how the discipline of medical informatics can be integrated into an undergraduate medical curriculum, not as a course or series of courses but as a repeated theme throughout the 3-year system-based curriculum. Recommendations specific to integrating medical informatics into an undergraduate curriculum are outlined with respect to: (1) content; (2) content organization; (3) management; and (4) evaluation. Six areas of information and computer management applications are discussed. These are computer-assisted learning, retrieving and organizing information from computerised databases, the application of medical informatics tools to the critical appraisal of literature and associated statistical software packages, hospital- and office-based information systems, and electronic communications. Medical education has a history of resistance to change. Reference to guidelines and experiences of others who have negotiated information management and medical informatics changes into medical school environments can therefore be helpful. It is in this context that this paper is presented.

Alberta↗
PubMed2003

Making messaging standards work: from definition to interoperability at runtime.

The synchronisation of data between healthcare IT applications is done by exchanging (in the broader sense) messages which are formatted according to one of many standards that are used in healthcare. The most successful standard enabling such communication and co-operation for health is HL7 established in the mid-eighties starting as a communication standard within hospitals. HL7 included soon other domains such as home care, clinical studies, and prescription communication. So, HL7 supports shared care between primary, secondary and territory healthcare establishments. Another very successful standard is DICOM for communicating image information among modalities and (radiology) information systems. This review paper discusses integration issues for specification and development of messaging standards and their impact on applications.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

Theory and applications of telemedicine.

In this study, telemedicine and the use of advanced telemedicine technologies are explained. Telemedicine is the use of modern telecommunications and information technologies for the provision of clinical care to individuals at a distance, and transmission of information to provide that care. Telemedicine can be used for decision making, remote sensing, and collaborative arrangements for the real-time management of patients at a distance. The use of telecommunications and information technologies in providing health services is determined. Telemedicine is described as combination of topics from the fields of telecommunication, medicine, and informatics. The medical systems infrastructure consisting of the equipment and processes used to acquire and present clinical information and to store and retrieve data are explained in details. The challenges existing in telemedicine development in different countries are given. Technological, political, and professional barriers in applications of telemedicine are defined. An investigation of telemedicine applications in various fields is presented, and enormous impact of telemedicine systems on the future of medicine is determined.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed1994

An operational view of the role of health librarians in informatics.

The National Library of Medicine is currently funding the Pilot Connections project to promote and support use of the INTERNET in community health care settings. With previous networking applications of this kind largely confined to academic and research environments, the health librarian has emerged as the agent with the unique knowledge and skills to participate in and manage organizational change. An experiment in applied informatics, the Pilot Connections project shows how health librarians should be aware of the expanding opportunities that exist for them to help their organizations cope more effectively with the external trends and forces currently affecting the role and value of information.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2003

From data to knowledge in e-health applications: an integrated system for medical information modelling and retrieval.

The system described in this paper uses the technological advances in information technology in order to influence and improve healthcare practice by enabling the flexible modelling, direct representation and adaptable use of medical knowledge. It aims at resolving a number of difficulties encountered by current information repositories, such as costly customization, reusability, high maintenance and poor information modelling, by employing the architecture of the functional data model (FDM), while maintaining full interoperability with existing systems by means of XML. On the information-modelling front the system supports a variety of modelling techniques that are especially relevant to medical applications, such as complex objects, incomplete or missing information, partially structured data and multimedia content. A prototype implementation of the system has been developed which consists of a multimedia-enhanced version of the functional database language FDL, and a web-based, two-way translator interface between the application's native language and XML. This interface provides full interoperability with other, heterogeneous systems over the web, thus, significantly reducing the complexity of developing distributed healthcare systems and e-health applications.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Defining obtrusiveness in home telehealth technologies: a conceptual framework.

The literature of home telehealth technology recommends that systems be designed to minimize their obtrusiveness to end users. However, this term is neither explicitly defined nor consistently used. This paper presents a definition of the concept of obtrusiveness. Within this definition, twenty-two categories of what may be perceived as obtrusive in home telehealth technology are proposed based on a review of the literature. These categories are grouped into eight dimensions. This effort represents an initial step toward developing measures of obtrusiveness associated with home telehealth technology. A validated and reliable instrument would allow for evaluation of individual applications as well as theory-building across applications.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

Applications of ePerSpace Service Management platform in health care.

The ePerSpace project has created a distributed service management platform with wide ranging applications at home and globally anywhere else outside home. The project has created an open and trusted home platform where home devices can seamlessly work together providing personalised services, provisioning content adaptation, and managing a variety of services via a residential gateway. Using the personalisation information the system can recognise and form specific user communities towards which specific services such as health care can be directed. This paper presents the main concept and components of the ePerSpace Service Management and discusses its potential in health care applications.

Computer Communication Networks↗