Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Manual Communication”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Sign language and the brain.

Analysis of the patterns of breakdown of a visuospatial language in deaf signers thus allows new perspectives on the nature and determinants of cerebral specialization for language. First, these data show that hearing and speech are not necessary for the development of hemispheric specialization--sound is not crucial. Second, the data show that in these deaf signers, it is the left hemisphere that is dominant for sign language. The patients with damage to the left hemisphere showed marked sign language deficits but relatively intact capacity for processing nonlanguage visuospatial relations. The patients with damage to the right hemisphere showed much the reverse pattern. Thus, not only is there left hemisphere specialization for language functioning, there is a complementary right hemisphere specialization for visuospatial functioning. The fact that much of the grammatical information is conveyed via spatial manipulation appears not to alter this complementary specialization. Furthermore, the finding that components of sign language (e.g., lexicon and grammar) can be selectively impaired suggests that the functional organization of the brain for sign language may turn out to be modular. Finally, patients with left and right hemisphere damage showed dissociations between two uses of space in the language--one to represent spatial relations and the other to represent syntactic relations. Right hemisphere damage disrupts the former but spares the latter; left hemisphere damage disrupts the use of space for syntactic relations but spares its use for spatial relations. Taken together with studies of the processing of sign language "on line" by neurologically intact deaf signers, these data suggest that the left cerebral hemisphere in humans may have an innate predisposition for language, independent of language modality. Studies of the effects of brain damage on signing make it clear that accounts of hemispheric specialization are oversimplified if stated only in terms of a dichotomy between language and visuospatial functioning. Such studies may also permit us to come closer to the real principles underlying the specializations of the two cerebral hemispheres, since in sign language there is interplay between visuospatial and linguistic relations within the same system.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1988

A good sign.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Spatial and temporal sequencing of signs and words by severely mentally retarded children.

The effects of manual sign or spoken word labels on the spatial or temporal ordering of sequences of stimuli by severely mentally retarded children were investigated. The stimuli were presented in a spatial array so that the spatial (left-right) order never corresponded with the temporal (first-last) order. Other researchers have suggested that sign labels would be recalled in the spatial order of presentation and word labels, in the temporal order. The results did not support this, revealing instead that subjects tended to preserve spatial order and reverse temporal order, irrespective of the modality of the stimulus label.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Vocal and gestural responses of cross-fostered chimpanzees.

Ten positive, five neutral, and five negative events were presented to two chimpanzees, Tatu (female, 64 months old) and Dar (male, 56 months old), who had been cross-fostered from birth by human beings. Each event was announced in American Sign Language 10 s before. The announcements and events were common items in the cross-fostering routines and were administered according to a balanced design over a period of 2 months. Vocal and signed responses to the announcements and to the events were recorded. The likelihood of either mode of response depended on affective charge, and the likelihood of vocal and signed responses was positively correlated. Signed responses were more likely than vocal responses; signed responses were more likely to be evoked by announcements than by events, whereas vocal responses were more likely to be evoked by events than by announcements. The type of vocal response depended on the affective charge and on whether the response was immediate (to the event) or anticipatory (to the announcement). Incorporation of signs and phrases from the announcements, and reiteration of signs and phrases within an utterance depended on affective charge, just as they do for human children.

Affect↗
PubMed1986

First stage of language acquisition through two modalities in deaf and hearing children.

We consider the earliest stages of language acquisition in both vocal and gestural modalities. The basic hypothesis is that there is a kind of equipotentiality between the two modalities and that the choice between the two depends on the linguistic input to which the child is exposed. We set forth the results of studies conducted in deaf and hearing children who acquire as native language the sign language used by deaf persons (gestural modality) and discuss the data on language acquisition in hearing and deaf children exposed to the American Sign Language (ASL) and in deaf children exposed to the Italian Sign Language (LIS). We go on to present the results of work in deaf children exposed to a bimodal Italian input. Against the background of studies in hearing children exposed to spoken Italian only we discuss the role of the gestural modality in the language acquisition of these children from the holophrastic to the diphrastic period. The comparison of sign language acquisition and spoken language acquisition will enable us to assess which aspects may be considered universal and which modality-related.

Adolescent↗