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PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of tubal function and volume of mastoid and middle ear space as related to otitis media.

In 69 ears with chronic otitis media and nine ears with traumatic perforations tubal function the size of the mastoid air cell system measured planimetrically on roentgenograms and the functional volume of the air filled ear spaces were studied for any correlations. The roentgenographic area and the functional volume were also studied for any variation in the duration of the disease. A correlation was found between abnormally small volumes and impaired tubal function, probably due to mucosal damage of the whole system, i.e. Eustachian tube, middle ear and mastoid air cells. No such association was found between area and tubal function. The volume, but not the area, decrease with the duration of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermal hazard during mastoid surgery.

Torque speed characteristics of two mastoid drills were measured. Potential temperature elevations in temporal bones were calculated from these measurements. Measured temperature elevations in temporal bones drilled without irrigation agreed well with predictions. Irrigation was demonstrated to be of critical importance in minimizing thermal hazard from mastoid drills.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obliteration of the middle ear and mastoid cleft in subtotal petrosectomy: indications, technique, and results.

Lateral surgical approaches to the base of the skull through the temporal bone often result in a large cavity with exposed dura and vascular structures and no possibility of reconstruction of the middle ear conductive hearing mechanism. Subtotal petrosectomy with tympanomastoid obliteration provides a relatively safe and secure closure of the surgical defect in the temporal bone and eliminates the problems associated with an open mastoid cavity. Eradication of all accessible air cell tracts and mucosa in the petrous pyramid, obliteration of the eustachian tubal orifice, closure of the external auditory canal, and fat obliteration of the middle ear and mastoid clefts are essential in the procedure. Over the last 10 years this technique has been utilized in 372 base of skull procedures with a complication rate of less than 5%. Infection occurred only in those cases with draining cavities or contaminated wounds.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculous mastoiditis.

Twenty-three cases of tuberculous mastoiditis are presented, nine of which were complicated by facial palsy. Six presented with acute mastoiditis, and two had meningitis. Surgery was required in 16 patients; in four cases the diagnosis was made by culture and in another four by biopsy of the granulations or polyp of the external canal. The response to antituberculous treatment was satisfactory in 22 cases. One patient, whose case was complicated by meningitis, died.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate efficiency in mastoid cavity obliteration: experimental and clinical findings.

Following our previous experimental studies on the performance of macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) in canine mastoid cavities, we used this material in patients requiring surgical intervention. Twenty-two cases were selected, and in eight specific cases a biopsy specimen was taken. Histologic, ultrastructural, and microanalysis studies were performed. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of MBCP implants as bone graft substitutes for mastoid cavity obliteration. Clinical evaluation of the series and histologic and ultrastructural results demonstrated the bioactivity and osteo-conduction of this material, with partial transformation of MBCP granules into lamellar bone after several months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Secretory otitis media in adults: I. The role of mastoid pneumatizationas a risk factor.

We analyzed clinically 102 ears with secretory otitis media (SOM) belonging to 72 adult patients who during their adult life had not suffered previously from ear disease. As in children, most of the cases (63%) could be traced directly to an upper respiratory tract infection. The most striking finding was the preponderance of poorly pneumatized mastoids-which were measured planimetrically-among our SOM cohort. This was found in adult SOM ears compared to contralateral healthy ears (4.59 versus 7.88 cm2), as well as when all 102 SOM ears were compared with values of the normal population (5.41 versus 12.9 cm2). This study showed that poorly pneumatized mastoids are a significant risk factor as far as adult SOM is concerned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Parosteal osteogenic sarcoma of the mastoid bone.

Parosteal osteogenic sarcoma (POS) is an uncommon surface bone tumor, most often arising from the metaphyseal end of long bones. Involvement of the cranial bones is rare, with only 1 case of mastoid bone POS previously reported in the literature. Two patients with POS of the mastoid are presented, 1 followed up for 25 years after surgical treatment. The presenting signs and symptoms, as well as distinctive radiographic findings, are discussed. Histologic features are also described. Typically, cranial POS appears as a sessile, densely ossified surface growth with radiating bone spicules that blend with surrounding soft tissue. Treatment is en bloc resection, which is curative in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as mastoiditis.

Wegener's granulomatosis is an uncommon autoimmune disease. It has a peak incidence in the fifth decade of life, with a slight male predominance. Nasal problems are the predominant presentation, with rare otological manifestations. We report 2 cases of Wegener's granulomatosis presenting as mastoiditis in 2 young female patients. We conclude that young patients presenting with mastoiditis unresponsive to conventional medical and surgical therapy should be investigated for Wegener's granulomatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Mastoid buffering properties: I. Gas partial pressures.

Differences in the gas partial pressures between the middle ear (ME) cavity and the blood are an important factor in ME gas economy. Differences in gas partial pressures between various regions of the ME-mastoid air cell system (ME-MACS) could play a role as well. To determine whether gas partial pressure differences do occur between various compartments in the ME, we measured the rate of gas diffusion from one compartment to another in both an artificial model and in the ME-MACS of human temporal bones. The rate of gas diffusion between various areas of the ME and the mastoid tip was found to be rapid, with a half-life on the order of 2 minutes (range 0.8 to 5.3 minutes). We suggest that this high diffusion rate prevents the buildup of significant differences in gas composition in the ME-MACS system, which can therefore be regarded as a homogeneous gas pocket.

Diffusion↗
PubMed2000

Cerebellopontine angle lymphoma presenting as chronic mastoiditis.

Middle-ear tumours are not uncommonly mistaken for mastoiditis on presentation. We report a case of cerebellopontine angle non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma originally presenting as a middle-ear inflammatory process. In mastoiditis not resolving with conventional treatment it is important to look for an underlying cause.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Morphometric analysis of anatomical relationships of the facial nerve for mastoid surgery.

Surgical anatomical relationships of the facial nerve (FN) with several landmarks used in mastoid surgery were studied in temporal bone axial high resolution CT scans of 90 patients (180 ears). The shortest distances between the FN and external auditory canal (EAC), sigmoid sinus (SS), posterior fossa dural plate (PFD), and joint of the bony EAC with the lateral surface of the mastoid (M) were measured. These measurements were also analysed in respect of pneumatization and side differences. On average, it was found that FN-EAC was 2.9 mm, FN-SS was 10.5 mm, FN-PFD was 7.3 mm and FN-M was 15.3 mm. FN-EAC was found to be longer in poorly pneumatized bones whereas other distances were longer in pneumatized bones. FN-M was found to be longer on the right side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Role of mastoid obliteration in patients with persistent cavity problems following modified radical mastoidectomy.

A randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of mastoid obliteration in controlling persistent ear discharge, wax accumulation, fungal infection and granulation tissue formation in patients with cavity problems following modified radical mastoidectomy (MRM). Thirty patients underwent revision mastoidectomy with mastoid obliteration using a temporoparietal fascial flap. They were then followed up over a one-year period and the stated parameters observed. They were compared with 30 patients with similar complaints who were treated conservatively and kept under observation for 12 months. On follow-up, the number of patients in both the groups suffering from various cavity problems was compared. The chi-squared test was applied to the results and it was determined that there was a significantly lower incidence of discharging ear and formation of granulations in the operative group. However, audiological status, development of otomycosis and wax accumulation did not reveal any significant variation between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Functions of the mastoid cell system: auto-regulation of temperature and gas pressure.

This article presents a new approach to understanding the physiological functions of the mastoid cell system. It is suggested that the cell system, in combination with the continuous blood flow through the adjacent large vessels, makes up a compound functional unit that serves to protect the sensitive vestibular part of the inner ear from inadequate stimulation by external temperature changes. By virtue of the large surface area of the cell system mucosa with respect to the enclosed gas volume, the mastoid cell system may also work as a pressure regulator. Variations of the bi-directional exchange of fluid over the capillary network in the mucosa will change the size of the lumen that is available for the gas in the cell system. Volumes of gas and fluid can thus be exchanged to keep the intratympanic pressure within physiological limits. The process is most effective in a cell system with a high area-to-volume ratio.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed2004

Extensive calvarial tuberculosis: rare complication of tuberculous mastoiditis.

Tuberculous mastoiditis is a well-documented entity with decreasing incidence in recent years. Tuberculous osteitis of the skull is even rarer. The case of a 58-year-old male with tuberculous mastoiditis complicated by extensive tuberculous osteitis of the skull is presented. This case serves to demonstrate both the difficulty in establishing the diagnosis of tuberculosis and the potentially disastrous consequences of the disease.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2005

Genetically-induced deep venous thrombosis presenting as acute mastoiditis.

Sigmoid sinus thrombosis (SST) usually follows acute as well as chronic otitis media with coalescent mastoiditis. A singular case of noncoalescent mastoiditis complicated with thrombosis of deep cerebral sinuses occurring in a young child is presented. A genetic thrombophilic disorder (prothrombin G20210A allele mutation) was identified as the predisposing factor for this unusual complication. Particular emphasis is placed on the course of the disease, which showed regression only after surgical exploration and additional anticoagulant therapy. We conclude that a thorough and early assessment of coagulation factors should always be performed, especially in the population at risk, in order to rule out unusual aetiologies of these rare but still life-threatening pathological processes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

The investigation of petro-mastoid tumours by high resolution CT.

Fifty-three patients with proven tumours of the petro-mastoid have been investigated by high-resolution computerized tomography. They comprised benign and malignant epithelial tumours; primary and secondary cholesteatomata; neurogenic and glomus tumours; meningiomas and secondary neoplasms. High resolution CT has the advantage of showing both bone erosion and the soft tissue mass of the tumour. This is important both for diagnosis and to show the extent of malignant disease in the petro-mastoid. The technique has become an integral part of the X-ray examination of these patients and in many respects has superseded other methods of investigation such as pluri-directional tomography and angiography.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1976

Glomus jugulare tumors of the middle ear and mastoid: diagnosis and surgical treatment.

At the 1976 Southern Sectional Meeting of American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc., a color movie presenting two cases on the "diagnosis and treatment of glomus jugulare tumors of the middle ear and mastoid" was shown. The purpose of this paper and film is to describe the author's experience of 16 cases of glomus tumors involving the middle ear and mastoid (seven tympanicum and nine jugulare). A review of the literature and findings pertaining specifically to the two cases shown in the film is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Total obliteration of the mastoid, middle ear, and external auditory canal. A review of 27 cases.

In the past 22 years, 27 patients had undergone total obliteration of the mastoid, middle ear, and external auditory canal. Most of the patients had severely diseased ears, many with multiple previous operations. When performed for chronic otorrhea, the operation resulted in a dry ear in all but two cases, though healing was prolonged in some. Secondary revisions for hearing were unsuccessful. We review the indications for this procedure and the experience of others who had used similar techniques. Though seldom indicated, the mastoid obliteration operation results in a dry ear in almost all patients.

Adolescent↗