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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Exploring biochemistry and cellular biology with protein libraries.

Polypeptide libraries cast a broad net for defining enzyme and binding protein specificities. In addition to uncovering rules for molecular recognition, the binding preferences and functional group tolerances from such libraries can reveal mechanisms underlying biochemical and cellular processes. Ligands obtained from protein libraries can also provide pharmaceutical lead compounds and even reagents to further explore cell biology. Here, we review selected recent examples of protein libraries demonstrating these principles. In particular, we focus on combinatorial libraries composed of randomized peptides or variations of a single protein. The characteristics of various techniques for library constructions and screening are also briefly surveyed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Strengthening the links between health sciences information users and providers.

In 1994, the Hospital Library Service Program of the Central New York Library Resources Council conducted a study to evaluate the usefulness, impacts, and potential services of eleven hospital libraries in a four-county area in New York State; determine the degree to which the libraries comply with Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) standard IM.9.2; and provide recommendations for improved services in the member libraries. Two research instruments were used: a survey for hospital-based health sciences professionals and a survey for hospital-based information providers. Results from the two surveys were compared to determine if users' needs were being filled, and to develop plans for improved information services and products. Fourteen recommendations are made that, if implemented, will support the creation of user-defined information products, enhance the library's profile within the hospital, and exploit resource sharing to reduce costs and enhance coordination.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1981

Copyright compliance in health sciences libraries: a status report two years after the implementation of PL 94-553.

This paper briefly reviews developments since the implementation of the new Copyright Law (PL 94-553) and reports on a nationwide survey of academic, hospital, and special health sciences libraries. These libraries were asked to report anonymously on their current policies and the procedures used to comply with the new law. They were also asked to indicate any special concerns they have with the law or the guidelines which they have followed for compliance. The results show that with few exceptions United States health sciences libraries are complying with the specific provisions of the law and that compliance has not significantly affected library services.

Copyright↗
PubMed2006

Neuromodulatory therapy to improve erectile function recovery outcomes after pelvic surgery.

PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction is a recognized, common adverse consequence of radical prostatectomy as well as various other pelvic surgeries. While a host of management options have been considered to decrease this complication, neuromodulatory therapy has recently been advanced as an intervention that may be applied for this purpose. We evaluated concepts regarding the neuropathic basis for erectile dysfunction following pelvic surgery, principles for establishing neuromodulatory therapy in this clinical context, evidence from preclinical studies supporting neuromodulatory approaches as a therapeutic strategy and the progress of early clinical developments in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The exercise principally consisted of a current literature search using the National Library of Medicine PubMed Services, a survey of recent abstract proceedings from national meetings relevant to the topic and an Internet online search for current information on federally and privately supported clinical trials specific to this topic. References were made to such key words as neuroprotection, nerve regeneration, nerve growth factors, neurotrophic factors, cavernous nerves, nerve guides and penile erection. RESULTS: Basic science research and clinical studies support the concept that erectile loss after pelvic surgery is frequently related to neuropathic effects, resulting in penile vascular impairment. An assortment of neurobiological studies using rodent models of cavernous nerve injury have shown nerve reconstitutive actions for a host of neurotrophic substances, including classic neurotrophins, growth hormone, cytokines and atypical neurotrophic mediators. Clinical trials of several proposed neuroprotective and neurotrophic applications have been done or are in progress. CONCLUSIONS: Erectile dysfunction is a well recognized and yet ineffectively averted complication of pelvic surgery. Neuromodulatory therapy offers a therapeutic approach for addressing the neuropathic changes of the penis that occurs in this context with the goal of maximally preserving erectile function postoperatively. While several specific neuromodulatory applications have gained interest for their potential benefit with pelvic surgery, determining their actual roles awaits the completion of controlled clinical trials.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed2002

Different for girls? Feminism, health information and librarianship.

This paper focuses on the provision and organization of health information materials in women's health centres in UK and Ireland in the late 20th century Such centres sprung from the work of feminist activists and health workers from the late 1960s onwards, promoting health information and other interventions to counteract women's devalued status within society, and the stereotypes perpetuated by health care and other systems. Centres that developed were (and still are) typically within the voluntary sector, have a strong feminist perspective and are run by lay workers. This paper will draw on research into information provision in these centres, its scope, organization and who provides it. It will argue that this work is of interest to mainstream librarianship, but there are minimal linkages as feminist thinking within librarianship has been unable overall to make common cause with the work of these, and other such agencies, which has inhibited potential developments of mutual benefit. This paper draws on ongoing research into feminism and librarianship, and findings that have been presented in a number of settings.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Systems used to automate medical libraries--analysis by type of library.

Analysis of data recorded in 626 questionnaires on systems used to automate medical libraries by type of library showed that academic and industrial libraries automated all serial and book functions to a greater degree that the other types of medical libraries (hospital, governmental, institutional and medical centre). Almost 75% of the academic libraries had automated some or all serial functions; 80% had automated some or all book functions. Half of the hospital, institutional and medical centre libraries (50-51%) performed all serial functions manually; 29-40% performed all book functions manually. No software was used consistently by all types of libraries to process serials or books. Mainframe or minicomputers were used more by academic libraries to process serials and books than personal computers.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2004

Non-science majors gain valuable insight studying clinical trials literature: an evidence-based medicine library assignment.

When faced with a diagnosis, it is empowering to be able to assess the evidence of treatment effectiveness and safety. To teach this skill to non-science majors, we assigned the "Responsible Patienthood Project" (RPP). For the RPP, students studied an array of disease and treatment literature: the final product of their work was a poster presentation, in which they did an in-depth analysis of one primary article, thus encouraging critical evaluation of experimental design, methods, and conclusions. Post-RPP, there was a 35% decrease in the student perception that they would unquestioningly accept a recommended treatment for a hypothetical diagnosis, and a 40% increase in the perception that they would consult a combination of resources, including primary articles. We recommend this project based on our results that suggest 1) non-science majors are able to successfully access and assess primary scientific literature, 2) students felt empowered by the RPP, and 3) skills in information gathering, via library instruction, may serve as a particularly helpful lifelong learning tool.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1991

The creation and maintenance of a hospital archives.

The libraries of the Capital Health System and York Hospital have been given the responsibility for collecting and maintaining the archival materials of their respective institutions. After an initial evaluation of donated items, each library researched methods of archival conservation, adapting them to their individual needs. Included in this article is an overview of these methods with many examples from the authors' experiences. Also included is an annotated bibliography of materials of value to anyone setting up a hospital archives.

Archives↗
PubMed1994

Knowledge-based information management: implications for information services.

The 1994 Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) standards for information management will change the way health care librarians respond to JCAHO accreditation surveys and may affect the way libraries are managed. This article will highlight the changes in the standards and the new opportunities they offer. Implications for library operations and the challenges inherent in working with the new Accreditation Manual for Hospitals (AMH) are also explored. The long-awaited 1994 Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Accreditation Manual for Hospitals (AMH) is now on most hospital library shelves. As expected, librarians will find that the section on Professional Library Services (the PR chapter) has disappeared and that the standards previously in that section are now incorporated in part into the new Management of Information, or IM chapter. Although this method of grouping standards may be new to many health sciences librarians, the incorporation of library services into IM may actually provide many more opportunities for librarians than the previous method of addressing library services separately.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2005

HIV/AIDS reference questions in an AIDS service organization special library.

Librarians in many venues may anticipate a wide range of reference questions related to HIV and AIDS. Information on HIV/ AIDS is now available in medical, academic, and public libraries and on the Internet, and ranges from the most complex science to the most private disclosures about personal behavior. In this article, the 913 reference questions asked between May 2002 and August 2004 in a special library in a mid-western community-based AIDS service organization are described and analyzed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Combinatorial synthesis of anti-HIV agents--a review.

Combinatorial chemistry has been well recognized as an important tool of drug discovery. An ongoing hand is to integrate the combinatorial approach with fundamentals of medicinal chemistry and rational drug design. The last five years has seen an explosion in the exploration and adoption of combinatorial techniques. Indeed, it is difficult to identify any other topic in chemistry that has ever caught the imagination of chemists with such fervor and with the continuous development of high throughput screening methods. There is a growing need for the synthesis of a large number of molecules. Compound libraries designed to produce specific inhibitors of therapeutic target proteins have generated significant interest in drug discovery research. Combinatorial chemistry provides the opportunity to generate large libraries of compounds for biological testing. A literature search revealed that many lead compounds have indeed been discovered from libraries and this review presents a survey of combinatorial synthesis of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, HIV-1 function inhibitors such as adsorption inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists and HIV-1 Tat-tar inhibitors that can be developed as potential anti-HIV drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Combinatorial lead discovery and optimization of antimicrobial oxazolidinones.

Oxazolidinones are a new class of synthetic protein synthesis inhibitors with a novel mode of action, which are active against multidrug-resistant pathogens. The recent approval of the first drug of this class linezolid (Zyvox, Pharmacia) has sparked further interest in the development of novel antibiotics of this structural type. Combinatorial chemistry is an important tool capable of facilitating the discovery and optimization of the next generation leads with enhanced potency and improved activity spectrum. Combichem integration into a medicinal chemistry project is a multifactorial task that is reviewed herein in a context of efforts targeting novel oxazolidinone antimicrobials. Key strategic considerations that govern projects of this type are analyzed, and a survey of combichem methodologies and oxazolidinone libraries is presented with attention to biological evaluation results.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Determination of continuing medical education needs of clinicians from a literature search study. Part II. Questionnaire results.

Part II of this study of the needs of clinicians for continuing medical education (CME) examines the results of a questionnaire sent of Oklahoma physicians to determine if they would request formal CME courses in the same subject areas in which they had previously requested in formation from librarians. The degree of correlation between literature search requests and responses to the questionnaire confirms that the analysis of library information requests may be one approach to determining CME needs.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Two wnt genes in Caenorhabditis elegans.

wnt genes encode secretory glycoproteins that have been implicated in growth control and development in mice, frogs and insects. In this report we examine properties of two wnt genes recently identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The first gene, Ce-wnt-1, was previously identified by a polymerase chain reaction-based screen of genomic DNA, and the second, Ce-wnt-2, was fortuitously encountered in a survey of clones in a cDNA library by the Caenorhabditis Genome Project. Full-length or nearly full-length cDNAs representing both mRNAs encode proteins that are similar in length, sequence and functional domains to other Wnt proteins. Primary products of 372 and 362 amino acids begin with a hydrophobic signal peptide, include two potential N-linked glycosylation sites and contain the 22 cysteine residues conserved throughout the wnt family. In contrast to mammalian and insect wnt genes with four or five exons and conserved intron-exon boundaries, Ce-wnt-1 has nine coding exons; only one of the eight identified introns interrupts the coding sequence at a position homologous to an intron position in other wnt genes. The major transcript derived from Ce-wnt-1 is 1.4 kb in length, and the 22 nucleotides at its 5' end are added by a trans-splicing mechanism. Ce-wnt-2 is also expressed via a single major transcript, 1.5 kb in length. Both RNAs are detectable in all larval forms and adults, but they are most abundant at the embryonic stage. Ce-wnt-1 is localized to the left arm of chromosome II and Ce-wnt-2 maps to a cluster of genes on chromosome IV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

A further whole arm 1;19 translocation with alpha-satellite DNA breakage.

A balanced whole arm translocation (1;19)(p10;q10) was found in a woman with normal phenotype ascertained through a fragile X survey. Chromosome painting with the specific libraries confirmed the cytogenetic diagnosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a chromosome-1 alpha-satellite probe revealed that the breakpoint in chromosome 1 split the alpha-satellite sequences into two blocks. The review of constitutional whole arm translocations revealed a greater participation of some chromosomes with recurrence of translocations t(1;19)(1p19q;1q19p), t(18;20)(18p20q;18q20p) and t(X;17)(Xp17q;Xq17p). The alpha-satellite breakage documented in some derivatives of the recurrent translocations may be related to highly homologous subsets in the involved chromosome pairs, which belong to alpha-satellite subfamilies 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Probably this leads to abnormal chromosome pairing and thus to whole arm translocations.

DNA, Satellite↗
PubMed1997

Physicians' preferences for information sources: a meta-analytic study.

Identification of the resources physicians use to acquire information for clinical practice and medical research is an important area of research for health sciences librarianship and medical practice. During the past twenty years several studies have addressed questions about physicians' preferences for information sources, but generalization from the results of these studies has been hampered by limited sampling, diverse methods, and varied reportorial formats. Meta-analysis provides a method for reducing these limits. Using a meta-analytic procedure, this study reviews twelve studies published between 1978 and 1992, categorizes and ranks the physicians' preferred information sources reported in each study, then aggregates and counts the frequencies of the top six preferences, as well as the associated first and second preferences, for all the study populations or their strata. The results indicate that physicians prefer to obtain information from journals and books, but also that they often consult colleagues to get answers to clinical and research questions. The implications of these findings for health sciences librarianship are briefly discussed.

Humans↗