Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LABYRINTH”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources

[Quantal mediator release mechanism at the cyto-neural junction of the labyrinth in the frog].

The cytoneural junctions of the frog labyrinth posterior canal usually show different (m)EPSP resting rates (10-300/s). A statistical analysis of (m)EPSPs, recorded intracellularly from the posterior nerve, is carried out to investigate the basic mechanisms of transmitter release. In units with low resting rates (< 100/s) and during mechanical as well as efferent inhibitory stimulation, where a direct evaluation of the event parameters is possible, peak amplitude distributions are continuous, unimodal and fitted by lognormal functions, while time interval distributions between events are monoexponential. For higher resting rates, and systematically during mechanical excitation or activation of the facilitatory efferent system, single events extensively overlap. To reduce summation, a Wiener filter is built to sharp the original signal. The Wiener filter transfer function is calculated from the EPSP waveform estimated by the autoregressive fit to the autocorrelation of the original signal. This procedure yields peak size distributions well fitted by lognormal functions in all the situations tested. After filtering, time intervals are still monoexponential at rest as well as during the evoked release. Results suggest that only the rate of transmitter release, but not its basic mechanism, is altered during sustained synaptic activity. Furthermore, the Ca(2+)-free EGTA-solution slightly affects efferent inhibition and depresses facilitation. The high Ca(2+)-level enhances inhibition and depresses facilitation.

Action Potentials↗

[Components of membranous labyrinth proteins of guinea pig and the detection of anti-68kD antibody in sensorineural hearing loss].

The membranous labyrinth proteins (MLP) of guinea pig were isolated with various methods. The isolations with SDS or Triton X-100 were efficient. Western blot was successfully established and used to detect the anti-MLP antibody. Among 42 cases of idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss, 16 are positive of anti-68kD antibody in their sera with increased IgG, IgM and IgA. Anti-68kD antibody was also found in some normal controls, though it had weaker reaction and less repetition.

Animals↗

Partitioning the labyrinth for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: clinical and histologic findings.

The incidence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has been documented at 17 percent of all vertiginous patients. Partitioning of the labyrinth is a laser technique for resolution of BPPV. In 1991 Anthony partitioned the posterior semicircular canal of two patients and eliminated their BPPV in 24 hours, which was much sooner than anticipated. This paper presents an animal study that was undertaken to determine why laser partitioning of the posterior semicircular canal resolved BPPV so promptly. The histologic changes 24 hours post-partitioning in the guinea pig showed bony semicircular canal fistula creation, and constriction of the membranous semicircular canal. The constriction caused decreased endolymphatic flow and led to BPPV-resolving long-term obstruction of the membranous canal described by Wilpizeski. Also, the clinical study of the application of partitioning to 14 patients with BPPV is described. The technique under investigation provided the resolution of positional vertigo within 7 days in most cases, and within 8 weeks in all uncomplicated cases. Results included some temporary postoperative motion sensitivity for 6-8 weeks, a transient sensorineural hearing loss in 6 of 14 (43%) patients, and a permanent hearing loss in one (7%) insulin-dependent diabetic patient. Location of the partition on the posterior semicircular canal did not affect the resolution of BPPV, the incidence of transient hearing loss, or the motion sensitivity. Partitioning provided prompt, permanent resolution of BPPV and did not put the hearing at risk in nondiabetic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

Fine structure and development of ionocyte areas in the labyrinth of the trout (Salmo trutta fario).

The distribution of ionocyte areas in the trout labyrinth (in the semicircular canal ampullae, crus communis and utricular vesicle) is very similar to that of areas of dark cells in mammals. In all 3 regions, ionocytes begin to develop after hatching, and are cuboid at fry stages and prismatic in juveniles and adults. On electron microscopy, 3 types of cell can be seen in adult ionocyte areas: ionocytes, associate cells and basal cells. Ionocytes possess many mitochondria, occupying approximately 28% of the cytoplasmic volume, and a well-developed tubulomembranous system which opens on the basal surface at some points. These ultrastructural features, very similar to those of chloride cells, strongly suggest that ionocytes are involved in ion transport. Unlike mammalian dark cells, there are no basal or lateral infoldings of the plasma membrane in trout ionocytes. Trout associate cells have a well developed vacuolar system, few mitochondria and bundles of cytoplasmic filaments. Although less specialised than ionocytes, they may be involved in endolymph secretion.

Animals↗

[Efferent link of cardiac reflexes with carotid labyrinth receptors in the frog].

In frongs, changes of sympathetic and parasympathetic discharges were studied in the structures of the efferent link of the cardial reflexes from carotid chemoreceptors. Both the acid and the alkaline fluids perfused through the carotid labyrinth considerably decrease the sympathetic and increase the parasympathetic discharges in the cardial branches of the vago-sympathetic trunk. Cerebral portions above the medulla oblongata exert no essential effect on the specific features of reflex changes of the efferent activity in the vago-sympathetic trunk. After separation of the medulla oblongata from the spinal cord, the sympathetic discharges do not change in response to stimulation of carotid receptors while the alteration of parasympathetic activity holds on.

Animals↗

Measurement of pressure and displacement of the membranous labyrinth in endolymphatic hydrops by the tensile test.

We measured the mechanical characteristics, particularly the strength of various regions of the membranous labyrinth by the penetration test with a specially designed machine. A load-displacement curve was drawn by the tensile test for the Reissner's and basement membranes. Additionally, a stress-strain curve was drawn. The modulus of elasticity was measured showing a straight line in the stress-strain curve: 1.5 x 10(2) mN/mm2 for Reissner's membrane and 9.3 x 10(2)-1.3 x 10(3) mN/mm2 for the basement membrane. Furthermore, the endolymphatic pressure was calculated at the point in time when the maximum strain as the limit of elasticity was 0.2. It was 81 Pa. The displacement of Reissner's membrane was 0.2 mm when the initial tension was taken as 0 in the formula, and that of the basement membrane was 3 to 37 microns when the initial tension was 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3.

Aged↗

Experimental Sendai virus-induced labyrinthitis in guinea pigs. An ultrastructural study of cochlear lesions.

Guinea pigs were inoculated with a Sendai virus into the scala tympani and subsequent pathological changes of the cochleas were investigated by electron microscopy. Replication of the virus was indicated by buddings at the endolymphatic surface and by the intracytoplasmic occurrence of filamentous substances, ie, nucleocapsids. Budding viruses or free virus particles observed in a series of our experiments were identified as Sendai viruses by means of the immunological labeling with ferritin. Viral lesions, which were defined as the pathological changes of the cells associated with virus multiplication, were found in eight cochleas out of 20. This study revealed that the early lesions of the cochleas infected by Sendai viruses were primarily confined to Reissner's membrane and the stria vascularis, but the sensory cells were not affected.

Animals↗