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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Immunophenotypic features of epiplexus cells and their response to interferon gamma injected intraperitoneally in postnatal rats.

The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens (class I and II), type 3 complement receptor (CR3) and leucocyte common antigen (LCA) was examined in epiplexus cells in rats of different ages. The cells exhibited intense immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody OX-42 which recognizes CR3 receptors. In early postnatal rats (1 d), the immunolabelled cells were mostly round but with increasing age (7 wk), they assumed a ramified or elongated form. The expression of LCA marked by the monoclonal antibody OX-1 followed a similar staining pattern. Class I MHC antigen expression was also demonstrated in some epiplexus cells using the monoclonal antibody OX-18 but they were less numerous than the OX-42 or OX-1 positive cells. Only sporadic OX-6 positive cells were observed in postnatal rats but they showed a marked increase in number in adult rats, suggesting an upregulation of class II MHC antigens with age. The expression of MHC class II antigens was vigorously elevated in postnatal rats receiving 6 successive intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). In these animals, a large number of intensely stained OX-6 positive epiplexus cells were observed. These were mostly elongated or ramified with long processes. The immunostaining of epiplexus cells with OX-18 was also enhanced after IFN-gamma injections but the expression of CR3 and LCA appeared to be unaffected. It is concluded that the expression of MHC class I and II antigens on epiplexus cells is upregulated and induced respectively after successive i.p. injections of IFN-gamma into postnatal rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Intraperitoneal injection of platelet secretory products into mice increases macrophage uptake of oxidized low density lipoprotein.

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) (Ox-LDL) is taken up by macrophages at an enhanced rate and contributes to macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. Platelet secretory products have been shown to modulate the uptake of Ox-LDL by mouse peritoneal macrophages. This study is unique since mouse peritoneal macrophages were interacted with platelet conditioned medium (PCM, the supernatant that was obtained from collagen-treated washed human platelets) in the peritoneal cavity of the mice rather than in plastic dishes. Macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity of mice, 20 h after the injection of PCM (up to 30 micrograms of cholesterol/ml), demonstrated a substantial increment in the uptake of Ox-LDL. The effect of PCM demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent pattern. The cellular uptake of the lipoprotein, measured as the cellular Ox-LDL degradation and cholesterol esterification rates, was increased by up to 60% and 30% respectively in macrophages collected from PCM-injected mice in comparison to control mice. These effects were the result of PCM-induced increased affinity of Ox-LDL towards its receptor, and increased number of macrophage binding sites for Ox-LDL. Upon delipidation of PCM, only the protein fraction possessed the ability to increase the cellular uptake of Ox-LDL. Dialyzed PCM, which is deprived of low molecular weight substances, still expressed the stimulatory effect of PCM. Our results thus suggest that a protein-like factor that is secreted from activated platelets can increase in vivo the ability of macrophages to take up Ox-LDL, as was also previously shown in in vitro studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Changes in function of rabbit cerebral cortex after intraperitoneal injections of organic solvents. II. Pseudocumene and 4-ethyltoluene].

The study aimed at evaluating the effect of 4-ethyltoluene and pseudocumene on the central nervous system and comparing the obtained results with those presented earlier. The effect of the study compounds was assessed on the basis of changes in spontaneous (EEG) and evoked (EP) function of cerebral cortex and hippocamp induced by single exposure. Electrophysiological experiments were performed on rabbits with electrodes chronically implanted into selected structures of the brain. The examinations revealed differences in morphology of potentials evoked by visual stimulus. Electric irritation of the brain showed differences only in cortex potentials. Quantitative differences were also revealed in the postinjection EEG of cortex and hippocamp. The comparison of blood levels of solvents after their i.p. injection in equimolar quantities revealed that solvents with their lowest blood levels: pseudocumene and 4-ethyltoluene impose the greatest effect on the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Changes in the frequency of electroencephalographic rhythms of the rat caused by single, intraperitoneal injections of ethanol.

Ethanol (2-4 g/kg, i.p.) caused a slowing of the three main forms of electroencephalographic activity of the waking rat (hippocampal theta rhythm, and hippocampal and neocortical large-irregular amplitude activity). The effect was dose-dependent within those dose ranges, and bore a gross relation to blood ethanol levels. Lower dosages (0.5-1 g/kg) had no effect.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed2000

The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the febrile and metabolic responses of rats to intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of lipopolysaccharide.

The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the febrile and metabolic responses of rats to intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of lipopolysaccharide Injection of a high dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a septic-shock-like state, which can be accompanied by phases of hypothermia and phases of fever. In the present study we monitored body core temperature and locomotor activity, both by remote radiotelemetry, as well as changes in food intake, body mass and water intake for 3 days after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a high dose of LPS (5 mg/kg) along with sterile 0.9% saline or a neutralizing form of the soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) type 1 receptor (referred to as TNF-binding protein, TNF bp). Intraperitoneal injection of LPS rapidly induced high concentrations of TNF in the plasma and peritoneal lavage fluid. TNF was undetectable in the plasma and peritoneal lavage fluid of animals co-injected with LPS and TNF bp, implying neutralization of peripheral bioactive TNF. Administration of LPS induced hypothermia by about 1.5 degrees C, which lasted for 5 h after injection. During the light-time periods of days 2 and 3 after injection, the rats developed a robust fever. Treatment with TNF bp resulted in a faster recovery from the LPS-induced hypothermia so that the rats developed a pronounced fever on the day of injection. Locomotor activity during night-time periods was suppressed in LPS-treated animals. The LPS-induced depression of night-time activity was not antagonized by co-injection of TNF bp. On day 1 after the injection of LPS, food intake reduced to virtually zero, water intake fell to about 30% of the control value and body mass dropped by 25 g (about 10% of total body mass). With the exception of body mass, these variables recovered slowly during days 2 and 3 after LPS injection, but did not reach the control values. The LPS-induced decreases in food intake, body mass and water intake were significantly attenuated by the treatment with TNF bp. These results confirm that TNF contributes significantly to the rats' responses to intraperitoneal injection of a high dose of LPS. The fact that treatment with TNF bp accelerated and improved the rats' ability to develop a febrile response supports the view that the fever is beneficial, since all other metabolic responses measured in this study were normalized more effectively in those rats that developed a faster and more pronounced increase in body temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Management of malignant ascites by intraperitoneal injection of OK-432. Possible mechanism of the reduction of original tumor mass volume].

We studied the effect of intraperitoneal injection of OK-432 on the growth of original tumor mass in patients with malignant ascites and a possible mechanism of reduction of tumor volume. Sixteen patients with valuable original tumor mass and a large amount of ascites caused by gastro-intestinal cancer were studied. Tumor cells were separated from ascitic fluids and cultured in vitro before the study. Lymphocytes were collected from the fluids at varying intervals after intraperitoneal injection of OK-432 and cultured 24 hours in vitro. Effect of the culture supernatant on ascites-derived autologous tumor cell growth was examined in vitro using microplate assay. The results were as follows. 1) Reduction of tumor mass more than four weeks was found in 4 of 16 cases. 2) Before OK-432 injection, the culture supernatant from ascites-derived lymphocytes did not inhibit autotumor cell growth in vitro. But, the supernatant from lymphocytes which were collected from the ascites after OK-432 injection markedly inhibited tumor growth in all of 4 tumor mass reduction cases. In 12 non-reduction cases the supernatant slightly inhibited tumor growth only in 2 cases. 3) A similar growth inhibitory factor was detected in the mixed culture-supernatant of peripheral blood lymphocytes and OK-432 in vitro. 4) Preliminary studies indicated that the tumor growth inhibitory factor might be different from tumor necrosis factor and interferons. These results indicate that ascites-derived lymphocytes-producing factor may play an important role in reduction of tumor mass volume in patients with cancerous ascites.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Carcinogenic potency of N-nitrosomethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and other metabolic relatives of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine by single intraperitoneal injection on the lung of rats.

The carcinogenic effects of a single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) or its metabolic relatives, N-nitrosomethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (MHP), N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP) and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (NDMM), were studied in male Wistar rats. The main target organ of these nitrosamines proved to be the lung, followed by the thyroid. Lung lesions were induced in a dose-dependent manner with total lung tumor incidences reaching 55% to 100%. BHP, MHP, HPOP and NDMM all caused lung carcinomas to develop (22% to 44% incidence), whereas BOP was only associated with adenomas. On the basis of dose administered and incidence of carcinomas, MHP appeared to be the most potent lung carcinogen of the five nitrosamines investigated. Smaller numbers of neoplasms were also induced in the kidney, urinary bladder, esophagus and intestine at differing rates by these nitrosamines.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Intraperitoneal injections of tryptophan inhibit food intake in the fowl.

The effects of intraperitoneal injections of tryptophan on food intake in the chicken were examined. Four levels of tryptophan (12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg), and a saline control were tested in birds that were ad libitum fed or fasted 24 hr. The tryptophan treatments decreased food intake in the ad libitum-fed chickens in a dose-dependent manner. Food intake of the 24-hr fasted chickens was not influenced by the tryptophan injections. It is not known whether tryptophan is acting centrally or peripherally to decrease food intake of ad libitum-fed chickens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ingestive behaviour of starved rats after single intraperitoneal injection of fresh plasma from well-fed rats.

Ingestive behaviour of control and experimental rats following 96 hours of starvation was studied. The control animals were injected normal saline intraperitoneally (I.P.) whereas the experimental animals were injected I.P. with fresh plasma obtained from well fed rats. Having been presented with food 15 minutes after the injections, the food intake (Gms +/- SEM) of control animals for the first five hours after injection was 6.00 +/- 0.44, whereas, the intake in experimental animals for the same period was 0.55 +/- 0.05. The food intake was significantly suppressed for the next three days, attaining the normal values by the 4th day. Since all the rats were starved prior to injection, all of them increased in weight during the four days of study, but the increase seen in the experimental group was much subdued. Therefore the plasma factor, suppresses not only the food intake but also the gain in body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Reduction of exploratory behavior by intraperitoneal injection of interleukin-1 involves brain corticotropin-releasing factor.

The behavior of mice was scored in a multicompartment chamber one hour following intraperitoneal injection of recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1). Both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta dose-dependently reduced the mean duration for which mice were in contact with novel stimuli without altering measures of locomotor activity, such as movements between the compartments or rears. These behavioral changes resemble those previously observed with prior restraint or intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Effective doses were in the range 0.1-10 ng for IL-1 alpha, and 1-10 ng for IL-1 beta. The reduction in stimulus-contact times induced by 1 ng of IL-1 beta was reversed by prior ICV injection of the CRF antagonist, alpha-helical CRF9-41, suggesting that IL-1 causes secretion of brain CRF which in turn elicits the behavioral changes. These results indicate that peripheral administration of IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta in low doses can alter behavior. They provide additional evidence that IL-1 administration stimulates brain CRF secretion, and that brain CRF can modulate exploratory behavior, and thus reinforces the concept that IL-1 administration can induce stress.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1982

Antibody response following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of Bacteroides fragilis in rabbits.

Intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection of Bacteroides fragilis into rabbits resulted in IgM and IgG fluorescent antibody titers which did not differ significantly between the two groups of animals. Histologic studies revealed a typical abscess at the site of injection in subcutaneously injected animals while lung, liver, spleen and kidney sections from intraperitoneally injected animals showed normal tissue. The findings indicate that either intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection can be used to study the serologic response in Bacteroides fragilis infections.

Abscess↗
PubMed2006

[Perfluorocarbons injected intraperitoneally suppress neutrophilic infiltration in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the suppressive effects of perfluorocarbon (PFC, C(8)F(18)) injected intraperitoneally on neutrophilic infiltration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in rats. METHODS: A hundred and eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, and with 9 rats in each of the 3 time points respectively: Normal control group (NC group), PFC control group (PFC group), LPS-induced acute lung injury group (LPS group) and PFC pre-treatment group (PFC + LPS group). The animals were injected intraperitoneally with PFC at dose of 15 ml/kg in PFC group and PFC + LPS group 48 hours before. LPS at dose of 7 mg/kg injected via penile vein induced lung injury at LPS group and PFC + LPS group and the animals were respectively killed by exsanguination at 2, 4, 6 hour points. The white blood cells and neutrophils were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and venous blood, and the neutrophils were counted in lung tissue under microscope. The expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were immunohistochemically detected in lung tissue as integrated optic density (IOD) measured with Image Pro Plus 5.1 software. RESULTS: (1) The counts of white blood cells of BALF [(1.98 +/- 0.21), (2.98 +/- 0.43), (3.95 +/- 0.29) x 10(6)/L at three times points respectively] and PMN percentages (0.170 +/- 0.069, 0.250 +/- 0.046, 0.351 +/- 0.054 at times points respectively) in LPS group significantly increased as compared with those in NC group [(1.27 +/- 0.20), (1.27 +/- 0.18), (1.26 +/- 0.11) x 10(6)/L and 0.041 +/- 0.008, 0.041 +/- 0.007, 0.041 +/- 0.007 at three times points respectively, t = 5.680 - 18.924, all P < 0.01]. The counts of white blood cells and PMN percentages of BALF in PFC + LPS group [(1.45 +/- 0.39), (2.67 +/- 0.44), (3.29 +/- 0.45) x 10(6)/L and 0.065 +/- 0.024, 0.102 +/- 0.033, 0.174 +/- 0.049 at times points respectively] significantly reduced as compared with those of LPS group (t = -4.224 - 12.033, P < 0.01). (2) On the contrary, the counts of white blood cells of venous blood in LPS group [(5.26 +/- 0.85), (4.38 +/- 0.39) x 10(9)/L at 4, 6 h] were significantly lower than NC group [(6.29 +/- 0.55), (6.28 +/- 0.60) x 10(9)/L, t = -3.088 and -7.946, P < 0.01], whereas the PFC pre-treatment significantly increased the counts. (3) In lung tissue, the counts of PMN per field (7.56 +/- 1.81, 18.76 +/- 3.51 and 33.99 +/- 5.68), the expressions of E-selectin (IOD: 208 +/- 78, 283 +/- 67 and 625 +/- 85) and ICAM-1 (IOD: 208 +/- 78, 283 +/- 67 and 625 +/- 85) in PFC + LPS group were significantly decreased compared with LPS group (10.78 +/- 0.92, 31.55 +/- 3.00 and 54.14 +/- 5.49; 1,086 +/- 256, 1,606 +/- 408 and 3,409 +/- 1,751; 299 +/- 97, 378 +/- 67 and 817 +/- 149, respectively, t = -2.400 - 11.480, P < 0.01) at three time points. CONCLUSION: PFC pre-injected intraperitoneally significantly suppressed the neutrophilic infiltration in LPS-induced lung injury and reduced the expressions of E-selectin and ICAM-1 as the possible molecular mechanism of its effects.

Acute Lung Injury↗
PubMed1983

Availability time of tritium-labeled DNA precursors in newt eyes following intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine.

Following intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine into host newts, iris together with a regenerating lens was transplanted from a donor eye into a lentectomized host eye at frequent intervals for 20 hours and then every 1 or 2 days for 14 days. The eyes were fixed 2 hours and 1 or 2 days after implantation and autoradiographs prepared. Following fixation 2 hours after operation, incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA, as evidenced by grain counts over nuclei, fell rapidly for 3.5 hours after injection and was no longer apparent after 4.5 hours. However, almost one-half of the implants were lightly labeled when they remained in the host eyes for 1 or 2 days beginning from 1 to 14 days after isotope injection. When these implanted, regenerating lenses were left in the host eyes for longer periods of time, then a light label was found over nuclei in most of the implants remaining in the eye for 3 to 24 days. When 3H-thymidine was injected from 1 to 3 days after extirpation of both lens and neural retina, before DNA synthesis had been initiated in the pigmented retinal epithelium or iris, there were numerous cases of labeled nuclei among depigmenting cells of the pigmented retinal epithelium which was regenerating a new neural retina from 2 to 25 days after isotope injection. Depigmenting cells of the dorsal iris and regenerating lens were similarly labeled. These results provide evidence for the continued availability of small amounts of tritiated DNA-precursor molecules which can be incorporated in DNA of proliferating cells long after the initial injection of 3H-thymidine.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Tissue and plasma distribution of exogenous growth hormone-releasing factor analogue (GRF1-29NH2) after intravenous, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection in the rat.

1. The administration of 125I-labelled growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) analogue 1-29NH2 by intravenous, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection to rats leads to rapid (i.v.) or slow (s.c. and i.p.) increases in plasma radioactivity followed by extensive breakdown of the peptide. 2. Tissues possessing GRF-like immunoreactivity such as gastric antrum (but not fundus), duodenum and ileum showed in vitro specific uptake of 125I-GRF probably mediated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors. 3. Pituitary (the primary target organ for GRF) but neither thyroid nor parathyroid exhibited specific uptake of 125I-GRF.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Formation of O6-ethylguanine in spermatogonial DNA of adult Syrian golden hamster by intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine.

17-Week-old Syrian golden hamsters received a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The DNA alkylation product O6-ethylguanine was formed in the spermatogonia. The data demonstrate that DEN can pass the blood-testis barrier and be metabolized in the spermatogonia to yield an alkylating derivative or that externally activated metabolites themselves can pass the barrier.

Animals↗