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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Optimal injection technique for intravenous digital subtraction angiography. Animal and clinical studies of right atrial injection using small volumes (25 ml) at a high rate (35 ml/sec).

Small-volume right atrial injections of contrast material (25 ml) delivered at a high rate (30-35 ml) were routinely performed for digital subtraction angiography in 232 studies (698 injections). Excellent opacification of the aorta and peripheral arteries was consistently obtained. Superior opacification following right atrial injections compared with peripheral or superior vena cava boluses was confirmed in animal experiments.

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

Carotid artery injections in 40- to 99-g Fischer rats: technical note and evaluation of blood flow by various injection techniques.

Despite extensive clinical use of brain tumor chemotherapy via the internal carotid artery (ICA), demonstration of efficacy and toxicity screening of ICA chemotherapy in brain tumor models has been limited. A method for performing ICA injections in 40- to 99-g Fischer rats is described, with documentation of its effect upon cerebral blood flow. A 33 gauge cannula was secured into a PE-10 catheter and, after ligation of the external carotid (ECA) and the pterygopalatine arteries, injections were made into the common carotid artery (CCA). The reliability of this method compared to CCA injection with and without ligation of the ECA was evaluated utilizing 15-micrometers 103Ru microspheres. With this technique, 68.3 +/- 11.19% of the microspheres lodged in the brain, compared to 28.9 +/- 21.3% to 32.7 +/- 19.8% for the other techniques (P less than 0.01). With this technique, regional perfusion of brain tumors can be done in the avian sarcoma virus rat glioma model, the D-54 MG human glioma-immunosuppressed rat transplantation model, and any of the large rat brain tumor models. The relevance of this method of experimental regional perfusion for the preclinical assessment of the efficacy and of the toxicity of chemotherapy and immunotherapy via the ICA is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The effect of vaccines and antimicrobials on the formation of injection site lesions in subprimals of experimentally injected beef calves.

Two hundred and thirty-nine beef calves were used to determine the occurrence of injection site lesions at slaughter (16 to 17 mo of age) following the use of 3 different 8-way clostridial bacterins, a 4-way viral respiratory vaccine, various long-acting oxytetracycline preparations, florfenicol, ceftiofur, and trimethoprim-sulfa when injected in the top hip (top butt), thigh (round), or neck (blade) of calves at 2 to 3 or 5 to 7 mo of age. The occurrence of lesions varied by product, route of administration, and location of injection. The number of steaks affected with lesions, the trim weight of lesions, the histological class of lesions, and the economic losses from trim are described.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Evaluation of two injection protocols by time-density curves for possible application to hepatic dynamic and upper abdominal CT angiography in MDCT: high concentration (350 mgI/ml) with conventional volume (100 ml) vs. conventional concentration (300 mgI/ml) with larger volume (150 ml) and higher injection rate].

The purpose of this study was to compare two different injection protocols for possible application to hepatic dynamic CT and CT angiography of the upper abdomen. Single-level dynamic CT scans through the level of the porta heapatis were performed with an MDCT unit every 3 sec in 32 patients using protocol A (350 mgI/ml iodine contrast medium, total volume 100 ml, injection rate 3.0 ml/sec), and in 39 patients using protocol B (300 mgI/ml, 150 ml, 4.5 ml/sec). Injection duration was kept the same in the two protocols. Time-density curves of the abdominal aorta (Ao), liver (L), and portal vein (PV) were created and compared. Peak enhancements were significantly higher in protocol B than in protocol A, in all of Ao, L, and PV. Time to peak enhancement was shorter in protocol B than in protocol A, reaching statistical significance in Ao and PV, but not in L. The duration of the arterial phase was shorter in protocol B than in protocol A, but the difference was not statistically significant. Our data suggest the superiority of protocol B over protocol A, for possible application to hepatic dynamic CT and CT angiography of the upper abdomen in MDCT.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A field trial evaluation of the effectiveness and benefit of cydectin long-acting injectable and ivomec injectable as used one time in grazing stocker cattle.

Use of moxidectin long-acting injectable and ivermectin injectable in female Bos taurus beef-type calves was evaluated in terms of efficacy (fecal egg counts) and performance parameters (weight gain). In this 150-day study, moxidectin-treated calves gained 20% more weight than did ivermectin-treated and control calves. Mean fecal egg count reductions ranged from 76.7 to 99.0 for moxidectin and -0.8 to 83.4 for ivermectin. Moxidectin long-acting injection provided efficacious (immediate as well as long-term) egg count suppressions as well as enhanced animal productivity (weight gains). The study also showed that Cooperia spp appear poised to present the most immediate challenges once long-acting macrocyclic lactone treatments become available.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Further investigations into the potentiation of infection by intra-articular injection of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan and the effect of filtration and intra-articular injection of amikacin.

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) recently have been reported to potentiate the infectivity of Staphylococcus aureus in horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis. Four groups of 8 horses each had 1 midcarpal joint injected with approximately 33 viable colony-forming units (CFU) of S aureus plus either 1 ml of saline solution (group 1), 250 mg of PSGAG (group 2), 250 mg of PSGAG passed through a 0.6-microns filter (group 3), or 250 mg of PSGAG plus 125 mg of amikacin (group 4). Horses that developed clinical signs consistent with sepsis were euthanatized, and samples were collected at necropsy. Horses that survived had samples obtained by use of arthroscopy at days 13 and 14 after injection. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 1 group-1 horse, 8 group-2 horses, and 7 of 7 group-3 horses that met protocol, but was not isolated from any group-4 horses. All 16 aforementioned horses had clinical signs, results of synovial fluid analysis, and gross pathologic and synovial membrane histopathologic findings that were consistent with septic arthritis. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (250 mg) increased the infectivity of 33 CFU of S aureus (P = 0.001); filtering the PSGAG had no effect. Intra-articular injection of 125 mg of amikacin immediately after inoculating the joint with 33 CFU of S aureus significantly (P = 0.001) decreased potentiation of infection by the PSGAG.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1986

Stability and availability of cyclosporine in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection.

The stability of cyclosporine in commonly used i.v. solutions and the percentage of the drug delivered via polyvinyl chloride administration tubing were studied. Cyclosporine injection was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and diluted with 5% dextrose injection (D5W) or with 0.9% sodium chloride injection (NS). Admixtures containing cyclosporine 2 mg/mL were prepared in polyvinyl chloride minibags (five for each solution) and in glass containers (three for each solution). The sample obtained at time zero from a glass container protected from light was the control. Additional samples were prepared in minibags and run through 70-inch polyvinyl chloride administration sets. An HPLC assay for cyclosporine was used. Exposure to room light did not significantly affect cyclosporine concentrations. More than 90% of the initial drug concentration remained after 24 hours under all storage conditions, but less than 95% remained after 6 hours in samples diluted with NS and stored in plastic. At times up to 60 minutes, cyclosporine concentrations were significantly different in solutions infused from the minibags through polyvinyl chloride tubing from those in control solutions. Under these conditions, cyclosporine is stable in D5W in glass containers or polyvinyl chloride minibags for 24 hours and in NS for 6 hours (polyvinyl chloride) to 12 hours (glass). However, because of the potential for leaching of plasticizers, cyclosporine admixtures should be stored in glass or used within six hours if stored in polyvinyl chloride minibags. Approximately 10% of the initial drug concentration is lost to 70-inch length polyvinyl chloride infusion tubing.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

[Radiological opacities after intra-articular injection of osmic acid. Relationship with the injection site (author's transl)].

Abnormal radiological opacities are sometimes observed after intra-articular injection of osmic acid. These opacities are radio-opaque because osmium is a heavy metal (atomic number = 76). They are usually found near the suprapatellar pouch which is the usual injection site. A parasynovial injection (or back flow from the joint cavity) of some of the osmic solution, followed by concentration and fixation of the osmic deposits at this level, seems to be the cause of these radiological opacities. This could be the reason for the poor clinical results encountered in some cases of osmic acid therapy followed by such deposits.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Sites of antinociceptive action of systemically injected morphine: involvement of supraspinal loci as revealed by intracerebroventricular injection of naloxone.

Dose-response lines for the tail-flick and hot plate tests were obtained in rats which had received systemic injections of morphine (10-150 mg/kg i.p.) and intracerebroventricular (i.v.t.) injections of naloxone (3-20 micrograms). Diffusion studies indicated that the antagonist remained localized within supraspinal structures. Between the doses of 3 and 10 micrograms i.v.t. naloxone produced a dose-dependent rightward shifting of the morphine dose-response lines, the shift produced by the 10-micrograms dose being sufficient to abolish the analgetic action of morphine doses as large as 75 mg/kg. Higher doses of naloxone (e.g., 20 micrograms) produced no additional rightward shift, indicating an inability of i.v.t. naloxone to antagonize the analgesia produced by high systemic doses of morphine. These findings seem to suggest that analgesia produced by low to moderate systemic doses of morphine is mediated entirely by an action of the narcotic upon supraspinal structures. However, the results of an analogous study in which naloxone was injected into the spinal subarachnoid space indicated that analgesia produced by morphine given systemically in low to moderate doses is mediated exclusively by an action on the spinal cord. This apparent paradox can be resolved if one assumes that the total analgesia observed after a low to moderate systemic dose of morphine is a result of a multiplicative, rather than an additive, interaction of narcotic agonisms expressed at the spinal and supraspinal sites of action, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Intramuscular injections--an outdated form of administration? 6 cases of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis following intramuscular injections].

Intramuscular injections can lead to local and systemic complications, such as abscess and sepsis. These are often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, occur in immunocompromised as well as in immunocompetent persons, and often need extensive medical and surgical treatment. We describe 6 cases with sepsis and multiple abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus after intramuscular injections. In view of possible serious complications, the indication for intramuscular injection as a method of drug administration is critically analyzed.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intra-muscular injections and post-injectional paralysis. 18 cases].

The study of 264 lower limbs paralysis recorded from 1988 to 1990 in 6 Physiotherapy Centers in Madagascar showed that 66% has received prior intra-muscular injections. Among those, 10.2% could be diagnosed as post injectional paralysis and quinine was responsible in 73%. Defining a national policy on the use of the intra-muscular injections, training medical workers and improving the access to oral and intra-rectal drugs could help to decrease the frequency of those complications spirochetes and other infections (43).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibiotic egg injection to eliminate disease. I. Effect of injection methods on turkey hatchability and Mycoplasma meleagridis infection.

Mycoplasma meleagridis infection in turkey hatching eggs was eliminated by injecting eggs with a combination of tylosin and gentamicin. Hatched F1 and F2 progeny remained free of egg-transmitted infection. Contact exposure was experienced in one negative flock. Of the preincubation injection procedures studied, a drilled hole on the small end of the egg was the inoculation site easiest to administer and best tolerated by the embryo. The embryo can tolerate a dose of gentamicin sulfate injected at 10 days of incubation that would be toxic if administered before incubation. Requirements for maintaining progeny free of infection are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Carpal tunnel syndrome: a case of median nerve injection injury and a safe and effective method for injecting the carpal tunnel.

The carpal tunnel syndrome is a compressive neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist. The local injection of corticosteroid is an effective treatment modality in properly selected cases; however, this usually efficacious and safe procedure may result in serious complications if insufficient attention is paid to technique. A recent case of severe median nerve injury secondary to local steroid injection at the wrist prompted this report. We present a safe and effective method for injection of the carpal tunnel syndrome.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1998

The AMSA injection: a new concept for local anesthesia of maxillary teeth using a computer-controlled injection system.

This article describes a new injection technique for the maxillary arch that achieves pulpal anesthesia of the central incisor through the second premolar without collateral anesthesia of the face and muscles of expression. This palatal injection can be delivered easily, consistently, and virtually imperceptibly with a recently introduced computer-controlled local anesthesia delivery system. The anterior (AMSA) middle superior alveolar block, is a single-site injection requiring less than one cartridge of anesthetic and is ideal for maxillary esthetic restorative dentistry because it does not distort the smile line. A clinical example is also presented.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Solid-phase reactors in sequential injection analysis. Determination of manganese (II) in tap water and effluent streams using a solid-phase lead(IV) dioxide reactor in a sequential injection system.

The determination of manganese(II) in tap water and effluent streams, using a solid-phase reactor incorporated into a sequential injection system was investigated. Mn2+-ions in samples injected into a carrier stream, were oxidised by solid lead(IV) dioxide suspended on silica gel beads to form MnO4- -ions which were detected spectrophotometrically at 526 nm. The linear range of the system is from 1 to 7 mg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.62 mg L(-1). The proposed system is suitable for the determination of manganese(II) in tap and effluent streams at a rate of approximately 50 samples per hour with a relative standard deviation of better than 3%. Statistical comparison between the proposed sequential injection system and a standard ICP method revealed that there is no significant difference between the two methods at the 95% confidence level for effluent streams and at 99.9% for tap water.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Sexual and injection risk among women who inject methamphetamine in San Francisco.

Methamphetamine (MA) use is on the rise in the United States, with many cities reporting increases of 100% or more in MA-related Emergency Department (ED) mentions. Women are keeping pace with this trend: in 2003, 40% of ED mentions and 45% of MA-related treatment admissions were female. Although there have been extensive examinations of MA use and HIV/STI risk among gay men in recent years, literature regarding female MA users is scarce. This paper examines female methamphetamine injectors in San Francisco, CA, from 2003-2005. We assessed sexual and injection related risk behaviors, comparing female MA injectors to female injectors of other drugs. We also examined whether MA use was independently associated with specific sexual and injection risk behaviors. We found that female MA injectors were significantly more likely than non-MA injectors to report unprotected anal intercourse, multiple sexual partners, receptive syringe sharing and sharing of syringes with more than one person in the past six months. In multivariate analysis, MA use among female injectors was significantly associated with anal sex, more than five sexual partners, receptive syringe sharing, and more than one syringe-sharing partner in the past six months. Deeper exploration of the relationship between MA use and sexual risk among women would benefit HIV/STI prevention efforts. In addition, existing interventions for drug-injecting women may need to be adapted to better meet the risks of female MA injectors.

Adult↗