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At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Hip joint load and muscular activation during rising exercises.

The load on the hip joint and activation of the gluteus maximus, hamstrings, adductor magnus and rectus femoris muscles during rising exercises including different adaptive adjustments were investigated in nine healthy subjects. The joint load was calculated from forces recorded with a force-measuring platform and pictures on cine-film. Levels of muscular activity were recorded with rectified, low-pass filtered, time-averaged and normalized EMGs. The loading moment about the hip joint was about 45 Nm during the initial part of the rising exercise, decreasing with smaller hip angle. Increase of the backward inclination of the trunk increased the load moment, which was maintained at about the same level during the rising exercise. Two adaptive adjustments lowered the joint load: foot position further backward and reduced resistance from the device. Foot position further forward increased the joint load. The levels of muscular activity in the hip extensors were low to medium and were slightly increased by posterior foot position and increased resistance from the device. Increased backward trunk inclination increased the activity in the final part of the rising exercise.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An improved technique for allogeneic hip joint implantations.

A new technique which has been developed for the allogeneic hip-joint transplantation to enable minutely accurate processing of donor and recipient femoral head, neck, and hip-joints is dependent upon the manual skill of the surgeon. The donor and recipient parts had to be made congruent by free hand fitting. Even the most experienced surgeon cannot produce perfect form congruity of the whole contact surface between donor and recipient parts. The foregoing article presents new instruments and the techniques for 0.5 mm precision fit. An ideal fit of donor and recipient parts represents an important prerequisite for successful allogeneic joint implantations and accounts for improvement in previous results from such operations. Obviously, the cell-devitalized cold-conserved joints cannot produce optimum or permanent results, but can be implanted as an alternative to arthrosis in patients in vary young age groups. Further research on viable cartilage and bone in joint implantations await new advances in immunology and tissue typing.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of a hip joint simulator.

To evaluate the functioning of the Durham hip joint wear simulator, the wear rates of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) acetabular cups articulating against 22 mm diameter cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) femoral heads were studied. A wear test was conducted in a lubricant of distilled water at 37 degrees C for a duration of 4.8 million cycles. The average penetration rate for the CoCrMo femoral heads against UHMWPE acetabular cups was 0.03 mm/10(6) cycles, while penetration rate for PTFE cups was some twenty times greater. These results are of a similar order of magnitude to other simulator studies in distilled water and are in a similar ratio to clinical data.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2006

Acute destruction of the hip joints and rapid resorption of femoral head in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

We report three rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases with acute destruction of hip joint and rapid resorption of femoral head. The condition occurred in less than 6 months and closely resembled rapid destructive coxarthrosis. All three patients were postmenopausal women with active RA who had been taking steroids. Two of the patients were taking prednisolone (PSL) of over 20 mg as maximum dose per day, and all patients were resistant to disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Other than the problems of their hip joints, one had a giant bursitis around the pathological side of the hip joint, another had multiple rheumatoid nodules and skin infarction, and the other suffered from insufficiency fracture of the contralateral femoral subcapital lesion. As a result, all of them had total hip arthroplasty. We recommend taking repetitive radiographs for RA patients with continuing severe hip pain.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2001

The hip joint: the fibrillar collagens associated with development and ageing in the rabbit.

The fibrillar collagens associated with the articular cartilages, joint capsule and ligamentum teres of the rabbit hip joint were characterised from the 17 d fetus to the 2-y-old adult by immunohistochemical methods. Initially the putative articular cartilage contains types I, III and V collagens, but when cavitation is complete in the 25 d fetus, type II collagen appears. In the 17 d fetus, the cells of the chondrogenous layers express type I collagen mRNA, but not that of type II collagen. Types III and V collagens are present throughout life, particularly pericellularly. Type I collagen is lost. In all respects, the articular cartilage of the hip joint is similar to that of the knee. The joint capsule contains types I, III and V collagens. In the fetus the ligamentum teres contains types I and V collagens and the cells express type I collagen mRNA; type III collagen is confined mainly to its surface and insertions. After birth, the same distribution remains, but there is more type III collagen in the ligament, proper. The attachment to the cartilage of the head of the femur is marked only by fibres of type I collagen traversing the cartilage; the attachment cannot be distinguished in preparations localising types III and V collagens. The attachment to the bone at the lip of the acetabulum is via fibres of types I and V collagens and little type III is present. The ligament is covered by a sheath of types III and V collagens. Type II collagen was not located in any part of the ligamentum teres. The distribution of collagens in the ligamentum teres is similar to that in the collateral ligaments of the knee. Its insertions are unusual because no fibrocartilage was detected.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

[Predicting the development of degenerative and dystrophic lesions of the hip joint of dysplastic etiology].

On the basis of the roentgenologic changes in 368 patients in 184 children with hip joint dysplasia and developing degenerative and dystrophic lesions in it the authors have proposed a prognostic table of roentgenologic values of the hip joint in various age groups of the patients who may develop degenerative and dystrophic lesions. Prognosis of the development of a degenerative and dystrophic lesion of the hip joint allows to considerably reduce the quantity of its appearance and progress.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Triple osteotomy of the pelvis in dysplastic hip joints in children and adults].

We report on a post operative radiological and clinical follow-up (3-6.4 years) of 80 triple-osteotomies (29 operations according to the technique of Carlioz and 51 according to Tönnis). This study includes 32 osteotomies in children and 48 in adults. In 82% of the cases of low dysplastic hip joints and in 88% of the cases in severe dysplastic hip joints, the results came up to the expectations of the patients. The acetabular inclination angle and the acetabular angle improved about 10 degrees and the center edge angle about 25 degrees. In cases of neurological diseases, the radiological results of the hips were less satisfactory. The results is negatively influenced by pseudarthrosis and stress fractures in the ischium. These complications occur to a lower degree after Tönnis-osteotomy. From the age of 7, the triple-osteotomy represents an useful alternative to the operative correction of the hip joint dysplasia. The operation can be carried out in cases of congruity of head and acetabulum. Under certain circumstances, a transposition operation is additionally necessary, it is only indicated with a coxa valga. The triple-osteotomy can positively influence the biomechanical situation of the hip joint by means of an improved head roofing, by an ameliorated adjoining of the area of force reception to the pressure resultant and by medialisation of the acetabulum.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of hip joint development in patients with diastrophic dysplasia.

The authors used magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the hip joint in patients with diastrophic dysplasia. T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained from 35 patients (25 female patients, 10 male patients) of different ages (1-39 years). The status of the joint and paraarticular soft tissues was evaluated. Hip joint congruity was good, although the joint was usually deformed. The thickness of the joint cartilage was diminished and signs of early osteoarthritis, including bone cysts and local edema, were common. The ligamentum teres was visible in only 24% of patients, suggesting abnormality of the ligamentous structures. Epiphyses were flattened or absent in all young patients. Of the 17 visible epiphyses, 7 showed avascular necrosis, indicated as a decrease in signal intensity in both T1- and T2-weighted images. It seems that proximal femoral epiphysis fails to bear normal weight pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Mixed oxides prosthetic ceramic ball heads. Part 3: effect of the ZrO2 fraction on the wear of ceramic on ceramic hip joint prostheses. A long-term in vitro wear study.

Using ceramic materials it is possible to obtain a number of beneficial mechanical properties such as considerable hardness, good chemical resistance, high tensile strength, and a good fracture toughness. The use of ceramic-on-ceramic as bearing surfaces for hip joint prostheses has been reported to produce a lower wear rate than other combinations (i.e. metal-on-polyethylene and ceramic-on-polyethylene) in total hip artroplasty. These advantages may increase the life expectancy of hip implants and improve the life of patients. Two new types of mixed-oxide ceramics (alumina and yttria-stabilised zirconia) femoral heads and acetabular cups containing different ratios of alumina and zirconia were compared with pure commercial alumina in terms of wear behaviour in a hip joint simulator. Hip joint wear simulator studies were carried out with a full-peak load of 2030 N and a frequency of 1 Hz in bovine calf serum. After 10 million cycles the measured weight loss of all specimens was very low. However, the experimental results did not show any significant difference between the new experimental mixed-oxide ceramics prototype and the commercial ceramic material couplings.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subluxation of the hip joint during femoral lengthening.

Three cases of subluxation of the hip joint occurred during femoral lengthening using the Wagner technique. This infrequent complication, which may result from a conflict of force vectors at the hip joint during lengthening, can, when left untreated, nullify the benefits of such a procedure. We suggest that increased awareness and closer monitoring can improve the prognosis for patients undergoing this course of therapy, especially where a previous hip operation has been performed.

Bone Lengthening↗
PubMed1989

[A hip joint surgical planning system using 3-D images].

This paper describes a hip joint surgical simulation system using a three-dimensional image (X-ray CT images). We developed this system in cooperation with surgeons, and we have already applied it to several clinical examples. According to a surgeon who used our system for actual surgical plannings, most of the hip joint surgeries operated at the present time can be simulated. Our system has useful functions in order to plan surgeries such as interference check in movement of a bone and display of the attached surface of bone. We show an actual surgical planning process performed by the surgeon with our system.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

A reciprocal walking orthosis hip joint for young paediatric patients with a variety of pathological conditions.

A growing trend in the use of reciprocal walking orthoses for infant paraplegic patients, and their application for control of the lower limbs in very young total body involved cerebral palsy patients, has created a need for smaller components. A prototype design of a hip joint has been produced which provides the following features: adjustable range of flexion/extension control; override on stops to permit sitting; high lateral rigidity; no lateral bearing play; very high rigidity in the sagittal plane; low friction bearings; high resistance to torque about the vertical axis. In addition a size envelope which is more in keeping with the dimensions of infant patients was an important objective. Comparisons were made of the computed structural properties of the prototype joint and existing routinely available standard orthotic hip joints. In each plane of loading the prototype joint had the highest identified structural property. The hinge-bearing material was tested in a representative joint with 200,000 cycles of typical loading. It was also field tested on adult orthoses over a minimum of a 12-month period with the most vigorous of walkers. In neither test did excessive play develop. The mechanical properties of the joint were established using tests advocated in the British Standard on testing lower limb orthosis knee joints. These showed the joint had structurally equivalent performance to a successful reciprocal walking orthosis hip joint, and that the mode of failure was essentially ductile in nature. Production development of the joint is now being undertaken.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

[Comments on the biostatical analysis of the hip joint II (author's transl)].

For a complete biostatical analysis of the hip joint, it will be necessary, besides determining the load, to calculate the extent of strain. In Part I of this article, we described the fundamentals of an improved calculation method which allows its clinical application. In the present second part of the article, a more sophisticated method of calculating the maximal pressure is explained. This takes into account, in particular, the position of the centre of the head of the femur to level of access to the acetobulum, the anteversion of the acetabulum, and the width of the interarticular space. The biomechanical method of analysis is supplemented by the description of a method to calculate the distribution of pressure in the hip joint. In an appendix, the mathematical connections of this calculation are described in detail.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1986

Scintimetry of hip joint tamponade in dogs.

A unilateral, continuous hip joint pressure of 50 mm Hg was established for 6 h in five puppies under general anesthesia. 99mTc-DPD scintimetry 2 and 4 weeks after tamponade showed the mean ratio between the investigated and control hip to be 1.00 and 1.01, respectively, in the epiphyses. After killing and removal of the upper femora, the same ratio was 0.94 for epiphyses and 1.02 for metaphyses. Our study did not show signs of persistent bone ischemia after tamponade below the arterial pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Genetically determined diseases of the hip joint (a conceptual model)].

The authors consider the problem of pathology of the hip joint from the point of view of the conception "Dysplasia-coxarthrosis". A single system of the ideas concerning dysplastis pathology is presented, which will allow to unify the methods of diagnosis and treatment of dysplasia of the hip joint in children, adolescents and adults with the aim of prevention of crippling diseases of the joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Biomechanical construction principles of the human hip joint in frontal plane].

The prognosis of hip joint function is only to determine unsatisfactory on the base of the knowledges of anatomy by means of inspection or angles and distances from X-rays as well as on the base of models known for the biomechanic of hip. The term "normal anatomical" hip structure is analysed with respect to functional biomechanical influences on its macroscopic design in frontal plane. It is shown to interpret the macroscopic hip design as result of an effective arrangement of centre of rotation and muscle forces which a minimum on energy needing for its function. A mathematical equation describes the skeleton-muscle-system hip biomechanically. This new connection between angles and distances as well as first easy consequences are proofed on a-p-hip radiographs of 53 normal adults.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2004

[The methods of shorting of proximal femoral and total hip arthroplasty for old femoral neck fracture with severe hip joint dislocation].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effective method and outcome to old femoral neck fracture with severe hip joint dislocation. METHODS: From April 1996, 7 cases of old femoral neck fracture with severe hip joint dislocation were treated by the shorting of posterior femoral and total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS: The average age of 7 patients was 51 years old and the mean follow-up was 27.3 months. The mean Harris score was improved to 84.3 from 36.7 before operation in the latest follow-up. The prosthesis position of acetabular and femoral was excellent, there was no sinking or softening of artificial joint, nonunion of femoral osteotomy. CONCLUSION: The preliminary clinical results are quite satisfactory of the shorting of posterior femoral and total hip arthroplasty to old femoral neck fracture with severe hip joint dislocation, the follow-up is necessary for further long-term outcome.

Adult↗